3,603
Views
17
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Metabolic effects of aspartame in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

, , , ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Anton, S. D., Martin, C. K., Han, H., Coulon, S., Cefalu, W. T., Geiselman, P., and Williamson, D. A. (2010). Effects of stevia, aspartame, and sucrose on food intake, satiety, and postprandial glucose and insulin levels. Appetite. 55:37–43.
  • Balshem, H., Helfand, M., Schunemann, H. J., Oxman, A. D., Kunz, R., Brozek, J., Vist, G. E., Falck-Ytter, Y., Meerpohl, J., Norris, S., and Guyatt, G. H. (2011). GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 64:401–406.
  • Basu, S., Vellakkal, S., Agrawal, S., Stuckler, D., Popkin, B., and Ebrahim, S. (2014). Averting obesity and type 2 diabetes in India through sugar-sweetened beverage taxation: An economic-epidemiologic modeling study. PLoS Med. 11:e1001582.
  • Bellisle, F. and Drewnowski, A. (2007). Intense sweeteners, energy intake and the control of body weight. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 61:691–700.
  • Black, R. M., Leiter, L. A., and Anderson, G. H. (1993). Consuming aspartame with and without taste: Differential-effects on appetite and food-intake of young-adult males. Physiol. Behav. 53:459–466.
  • Black, R. M., Tanaka, P., Leiter, L. A., and Anderson, G. H. (1991). Soft drinks with aspartame: Effect on subjective hunger, food selection, and food intake of young adult males. Physiol. Behav. 49:803–810.
  • Blackburn, G. L., Kanders, B. S., Lavin, P. T., Keller, S. D., and Whatley, J. (1997). The effect of aspartame as part of a multidisciplinary weight-control program on short- and long-term control of body weight. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 65:409–418.
  • Bruce, D. G., Storlien, L. H., Furler, S. M., and Chisholm, D. J. (1987). Cephalic phase metabolic responses in normal weight adults. Metabolism. 36:721–725.
  • Bryant, C. E., Wasse, L. K., Astbury, N., Nandra, G. and McLaughlin, J. T. (2014). Non-nutritive sweeteners: No class effect on the glycaemic or appetite responses to ingested glucose. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 68:629–631.
  • Butchko, H. H., Stargel, W. W., Comer, C. P., Mayhew, D. A., Benninger, C., Blackburn, G. L., de Sonneville, L. M. J., Geha, R. S., Hertelendy, Z., Koestner, A., Leon, A. S., Liepa, G. U., McMartin, K. E., Mendenhall, C. L., Munro, I. C., Novotny, E. J., Renwick, A. G., Schiffman, S. S., Schomer, D. L., Shaywitz, B. A., Spiers, P. A., Tephly, T. R., Thomas, J. A., and Trefz, F. K. (2002). Aspartame: Review of safety. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 35:S1–S93.
  • Colagiuri, S., Miller, J. J., and Edwards, R. A. (1989). Metabolic effects of adding sucrose and aspartame to the diet of subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 50:474–478.
  • Coppola, L., Coppola, A., Grassia, A., Mastrolorenzo, L., Lettieri, B., De Lucia, D., De Nanzio, A., and Gombos, G. (2004). Acute hyperglycemia alters von Willebrand factor but not the fibrinolytic system in elderly subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance. Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis. 15:629–635.
  • De la Hunty, A., Gibson, S., and Ashwell, M. (2006). A review of the effectiveness of aspartame in helping with weight control. Nutr. Bull. 31:115–128.
  • Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P. T., and Altman, D. G. (2011). Analyzing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. Higgins, J. P. T., and Green, S., eds. Version 5.1.0 updated March 2011. The Cochrane Collaboration. Internet: http://www.handbook.cochrane.org (accessed June 27, 2016).
  • Fernstrom, J. D. (2015). Non-nutritive sweeteners and obesity. Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol., 6:119–136.
  • Flood, J. E., Roe, L. S., and Rolls, B. J. (2006). The effect of increased beverage portion size on energy intake at a meal. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106:1984–1990.
  • Fowler, S. P., Williams, K., Resendez, R. G., Hunt, K. J., Hazuda, H. P., and Stern, M. P. (2008). Fueling the obesity epidemic? Artificially sweetened beverage use and long-term weight gain. Obesity. 16:1894–1900.
  • Grembecka, M., and Szefer, P. (2012). Simultaneous determination of caffeine and aspartame in diet supplements and non-alcoholic beverages using liquid-chromatography coupled to Corona CAD and UV-DAD detectors. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 5:1010–1017.
  • Guh, D. P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C. L., and Anis, A. H. (2009). The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 9:1–20.
  • Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., and Sterne, J. A. C. (2011). Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Higgins, J. P. T. and Green, S. eds. Version 5.1.0 updated March 2011. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Internet: http://www.handbook.cochrane.org (accessed June 27, 2016).
  • Horwitz, D. L., McLane, M., and Kobe, P. (1988). Response to single dose of aspartame or saccharin by NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care. 11:230–234.
  • Humphries, P., Pretorius, E., and Naude, H. (2008). Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 62:451–462.
  • Kanders, B. S., Lavin, P. T., Kowalchuk, M. B., Greenberg, I., and Blackburn, G. L. (1988). An evaluation of the effect of aspartame on weight loss. Appetite. 11:73–84.
  • Kuzma, J. N., Cromer, G., Hagman, D. K., Breymeyer, K. L., Roth, C. L., Foster-Schubert, K. E., Holte, S. E., Callahan, H. S., Weigle, D. S., and Kratz, M. (2015). No difference in ad libitum energy intake in healthy men and women consuming beverages sweetened with fructose, glucose, or high-fructose corn syrup: A randomized trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 102:1373–1380.
  • Lapierre, K. A., Greenblatt, D. J., Goddard, J. E., Harmatz, J. S., and Shader, R. I. (1990). The neuropsychiatric effects of aspartame in normal volunteers. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 30:454–460.
  • Lavin, J. H., French, S. J., and Read, N. W. (1997). The effect of sucrose- and aspartame-sweetened drinks on energy intake, hunger and food choice of female, moderately restrained eaters. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 21:37–42.
  • Leon, A. S., Hunninghake, D. B., Bell, C., Rassin, D. K., and Tephly, T. R. (1989). Safety of long-term large doses of aspartame. Arch. Intern. Med. 149:2318–2324.
  • Maersk, M., Belza, A., Holst, J. J., Fenger-Gron, M., Pedersen, S. B., Astrup, A., and Richelsen, B. (2012a). Satiety scores and satiety hormone response after sucrose-sweetened soft drink compared with isocaloric semi-skimmed milk and with non-caloric soft drink: A controlled trial. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 66:523–529.
  • Maersk, M., Belza, A., Stodkilde-Jorgensen, H., Ringgaard, S., Chabanova, E., Thomsen, H., Pedersen, S. B., Astrup, A., and Richelsen, B. (2012b). Sucrose-sweetened beverages increase fat storage in the liver, muscle, and visceral fat depot: A 6-mo randomized intervention study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 95:283–289A.
  • Magnuson, B. A., Burdock, G. A., Doull, J., Kroes, R. M., Marsh, G. M., Pariza, M. W., Spencer, P. S., Waddell, W. J., Walker, R., and Williams, G. M. (2007). Aspartame: A safety evaluation based on current use levels, regulations, and toxicological and epidemiological studies. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 37:629–727.
  • Melanson, K. J., Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., Campfield, L. A. and Saris, W. H. M. (1999). Blood glucose and meal patterns in time-blinded males, after aspartame, carbohydrate, and fat consumption, in relation to sweetness perception. Br. J. Nutr. 82:437–446.
  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J. and Altman, D.G., PRISMA Group. (2010). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. Int. J. Surg. 8:336–341.
  • Moller, S.E. (1991). Effect of aspartame and protein, administered in phenylalanine-equivalent doses, on plasma neutral amino acids, aspartate, insulin and glucose in man. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 68:408–412.
  • Mourad, I. M., and Noor, A. N. (2011). Aspartame (a widely used artificial sweetener) and oxidative stress in the rat cerebral cortex. Int. J. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 2:4–10.
  • Nehrling, J. K., Kobe, P., McLane, M. P., Olson, R. E., Kamath, S., and Horwitz, D. L. (1985). Aspartame use by persons with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 8:415–417.
  • Reid, M., Hammersley, R., Hill, A. J., and Skidmore, P. (2007). Long-term dietary compensation for added sugar: Effects of supplementary sucrose drinks over a 4-week period. Br. J. Nutr. 97:193–203.
  • Roberts, J. R. (2015). The paradox of artificial sweeteners in managing obesity. Curr. Gastroenterol Rep. 17:1–3.
  • Rodin, J. (1990). Comparative effects of fructose, aspartame, glucose, and water preloads on calorie and macronutrient intake. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 51:42–35.
  • Rogers, P. J., Hogenkamp, P. S., De Graaf, C., Higgs, S., Lluch, A., Ness, A. R., Penfold, C., Perry, R., Putz, P., Yeomans, M. R., and Mela, D. J. (2016). Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies. Int. J. Obes. 40:381–394.
  • Ryan-Harshman, M., Leiter, L. A., and Anderson, G. H. (1987). Phenylalanine and aspartame fail to alter feeding behavior, mood and arousal in men. Physiol. Behav. 39:247–253.
  • Saris, W. H., and Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2003). Controlling food intake and energy balance: Which macronutrient should we select? Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. 6:609–613.
  • Sathyapalan, T., Thatcher, N. J., Hammersley, R., Rigby, A. S., Pechlivanis, A., Gooderham, N. J., Holmes, E., le Roux, C. W., Atkin, S. L., and Courts, F. (2015). Aspartame sensitivity? A double blind randomised crossover study. Plos One. 10:e0116212.
  • Schünemann, H., Brożek, J., Guyatt, G., and Oxman, A. (2013). GRADE handbook for grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. The GRADE Working Group, 2013.
  • Schulze, M. B., Manson, J. E., Ludwig, D. S., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., and Hu, F. B. (2004). Sugar-sweetened beverages, weight gain, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women. Jama. 292:927–934.
  • Siegler, J., Howell, K., Vince, R., Bray, J., Towlson, C., Peart, D., Mellor, D., and Atkin, S. (2012). Aspartame in conjunction with carbohydrate reduces insulin levels during endurance exercise. J. Int. Soc. Sports Nutr. 9:36.
  • Singleton, M. J., Heiser, C., Jamesen, K., and Mattes, R. D. (1999). Sweetener augmentation of serum triacylglycerol during a fat challenge test in humans. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 18:179–185.
  • Smeets, P. A., de Graaf, C., Stafleu, A., van Osch, M. J., and Van der Grond, J. (2005). Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human hypothalamic responses to sweet taste and calories. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82:1011–1016.
  • Steinert, R. E., Frey, F., Töpfer, A., Drewe, J., and Beglinger, C. (2011). Effects of carbohydrate sugars and artificial sweeteners on appetite and the secretion of gastrointestinal satiety peptides. Br. J. Nutr. 105:1320–1328.
  • Stern, S. B., Bleicher, S. J., Flores, A., Gombos, G., Recitas, D., and Shu, J. (1976). Administration of aspartame in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 2:429–439.
  • Suez, J., Korem, T., Zeevi, D., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Thaiss, C. A., Maza, O., Israeli, D., Zmora, N., Gilad, S., and Weinberger, A. (2014). Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. Nature. 514:181–186.
  • Swithers, S. E. (2013). Artificial sweeteners produce the counterintuitive effect of inducing metabolic derangements. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 24:431–441.
  • Temizkan, S., Deyneli, O., Yasar, M., Arpa, M., Gunes, M., Yazici, D., Sirikci, O., Haklar, G., Imeryuz, N., and Yavuz, D. G. (2015). Sucralose enhances GLP-1 release and lowers blood glucose in the presence of carbohydrate in healthy subjects but not in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 69:162–166.
  • Whitehouse, C. R., Boullata, J., and McCauley, L. A. (2008). The potential toxicity of artificial sweeteners. AAOHN J. 56:251–259.
  • Yang, Q. (2010). Gain weight by “going diet?” Artificial sweeteners and the neurobiology of sugar cravings: Neuroscience 2010. Yale. J. Biol. Med. 83:101–108.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.