318
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Teachers’ Use of Spanish in the Classroom: Implications for Hispanic Dual Language Learners’ Classroom Engagement

&

References

  • August, D., Calderón, M., Carlo, M., & Nuttall, M. (2006). Developing literacy in English-language learners: An examination of the impact of English-only versus bilingual instruction. In P. McCardle & E. Hoff (Eds.), Childhood bilingualism: Research on infancy through school age (pp. 91–106). Multilingual Matters.
  • Barnett, W. S., Yarosz, D. J., Thomas, J., Jung, K., & Blanco, D. (2007). Two-way and monolingual English immersion in preschool education: An experimental comparison. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 22(3), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2007.03.003
  • Bohlmann, N. L., Downer, J. T., Williford, A. P., Maier, M. F., Booren, L. M., & Howes, C. (2019). Observing children’s engagement: Examining factorial validity of the inCLASS across demographic groups. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 60, 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2018.08.007
  • Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood Press.
  • Brooks, K., & Thurston, L. P. (2010). English language learner academic engagement and instructional grouping configurations. American Secondary Education, 39(1), 45–60.
  • Bukowski, W. M., Buhrmester, D., & Underwood, M. K. (2011). Peer relations as a developmental context. In M. K. Underwood & L. H. Rosen (Eds.), Social development: Relationships in infancy, childhood, and adolescence (pp. 153–179). Guilford Press.
  • Bulotsky-Shearer, R. J., Bell, E. R., Carter, T. M., & Dietrich, S. L. (2014). Peer play interactions and learning for low-income preschool children: The moderating role of classroom quality. Early Education and Development, 25(6), 815–840. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2014.864214
  • Bulotsky-Shearer, R. J., Fantuzzo, J. W., & McDermott, P. A. (2008). An investigation of classroom situational dimensions of emotional and behavioral adjustment and cognitive and social outcomes for Head Start children. Developmental Psychology, 44(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.139
  • Bulotsky-Shearer, R. J., Fernandez, V., Dominguez, X., & Rouse, H. L. (2011). Behavior problems in learning activities and social interactions in Head Start classrooms and early reading, mathematics, and approaches to learning. School Psychology Review, 40(1), 39–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2011.12087727
  • Burchinal, M., Field, S., López, M. L., Howes, C., & Pianta, R. (2012). Instruction in Spanish in pre-kindergarten classrooms and child outcomes for English language learners. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(2), 188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.11.003
  • Cadima, J., Doumen, S., Verschueren, K., & Buyse, E. (2015). Child engagement in the transition to school: Contributions of self-regulation, teacher–child relationships and classroom climate. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 32, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.01.008
  • Cadima, J., Leal, T., & Burchinal, M. (2010). The quality of teacher–student interactions: Associations with first graders’ academic and behavioral outcomes. Journal of School Psychology, 48(6), 457–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2010.09.001
  • Cárdenas-Hagan, E., Carlson, C. D., & Pollard Durodola, S. D. (2007). The cross-linguistic transfer of early literacy skills: The role of initial L1 and L2 skills and language of instruction. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 38(3), 249–259. https://doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461(2007/026)
  • Castro, D. C., Páez, M. M., Dickinson, D. K., & Frede, E. (2011). Promoting language and literacy in young dual language learners: Research, practice, and policy. Child Development Perspectives, 5(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00142.x
  • Chang, F., Crawford, G., Early, D., Bryant, D., Howes, C., Burchinal, M., Clifford, R., & Pianta, R. (2007). Spanish-speaking children’s social and language development in pre-kindergarten classrooms. Early Education and Development, 18(2), 243–269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280701282959
  • Chesterfield, K. B., Chesterfield, R. A., & Chavez, R. (1983). Peer interaction, language proficiency, and language preference in bilingual preschool classrooms. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 4(4), 467–486. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863820044004
  • Chien, N. C., Howes, C., Burchinal, M., Pianta, R. C., Ritchie, S., Bryant, D. M., Clifford, R. N., Early, D. M., & Barbarin, O. A. (2010). Children’s classroom engagement and school readiness gains in prekindergarten. Child Development, 81(5), 1534–1549. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01490.x
  • Coll, C. G., Crnic, K., Lamberty, G., Wasik, B. H., Jenkins, R., Garcia, H. V., & McAdoo, H. P. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 1891–1914. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01834.x
  • Cook, V. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(3), 402–423. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.3.402
  • Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? The Modern Language Journal, 94(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00986.x
  • Cummins, J. (2007). Rethinking monolingual instructional strategies in multilingual classrooms. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 221–240.
  • Curby, T. W., Downer, J. T., & Booren, L. M. (2014). Behavioral exchanges between teachers and children over the course of a typical preschool day: Testing bidirectional associations. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 29(2), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.01.002
  • Denham, S. A. (2006). Social-emotional competence as support for school readiness: What is it and how do we assess it? Early Education and Development, 17(1), 57–89. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15566935eed1701_4
  • Downer, J. T., Booren, L. M., Hamre, B., Pianta, R. C., & Williford, A. (2011). The Individualized Classroom Assessment Scoring (inCLASS) [ Unpublished technical manual]. School of Education & Human Development, University of Virginia.
  • Downer, J. T., Booren, L. M., Lima, O. K., Luckner, A. E., & Pianta, R. C. (2010). The individualized Classroom Assessment Scoring System (inCLASS): Preliminary reliability and validity of a system for observing preschoolers’ competence in classroom interactions. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2009.08.004
  • Downer, J. T., Goble, P., Myers, S. S., & Pianta, R. C. (2016). Teacher-child racial/ethnic match within pre-kindergarten classrooms and children’s early school adjustment. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 37, 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.02.007
  • Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., & Eggum, N. D. (2010). Self-Regulation and School Readiness. Early Education & Development, 21(5), 681–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2010.497451
  • Fantuzzo, J., Perry, M. A., & McDermott, P. (2004). Preschool approaches to learning and their relationship to other relevant classroom competencies for low-income children. School Psychology Quarterly, 19(3), 212. https://doi.org/10.1521/scpq.19.3.212.40276
  • Franco, X., Bryant, D. M., Gillanders, C., Castro, D. C., Zepeda, M., & Willoughby, M. T. (2019). Examining linguistic interactions of dual language learners using the Language Interaction Snapshot (LISn). Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 48, 50–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.02.007
  • Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059
  • Furrer, C., & Skinner, E. (2003). Sense of relatedness as a factor in children’s academic engagement and performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 148. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.148
  • Gámez, P. B. (2015). Classroom-based English exposure and English language learners’ expressive language skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 31, 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.01.007
  • Garcia, E. E., Jensen, B., & Cuéllar, D. (2006). Early academic achievement of Hispanics in the United States: Implications for teacher preparation. The New Educator, 2(2), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/15476880600657215
  • Giordano, K., Interra, V. L., Stillo, G. C., Mims, A. T., & Block Lerner, J. (2021). Associations between child and administrator race and suspension and expulsion rates in community childcare programs. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49(1), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-020-01049-1
  • Goldenberg, C., Hicks, J., & Lit, I. (2013). Dual language learners: Effective instruction in early childhood. American Educator, 37(2), 26–29.
  • Green, J. P. (1998). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of bilingual education. Thomas Rivera Policy Institute.
  • Hamre, B. K., & Pianta, R. C. (2001). Early teacher–child relationships and the trajectory of children’s school outcomes through eighth grade. Child Development, 72(2), 625–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00301
  • Hemphill, F. C., Vanneman, A., & Rahman, T. (2011). Achievement gaps: How Hispanic and White students in public schools perform in mathematics and reading on the national assessment of educational progress. https://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pubs/studies/2011459.asp
  • Hughes, J. N., & Kwok, O. M. (2006). Classroom engagement mediates the effect of teacher–student support on elementary students’ peer acceptance: A prospective analysis. Journal of School Psychology, 43(6), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2005.10.001
  • Jensen, B. (2007). The relationship between Spanish use in the classroom and the mathematics achievement of Spanish-speaking kindergartners. Journal of Latinos and Education, 6(3), 267–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348430701312909
  • Karathanos, K. (2009). Exploring US mainstream teachers’ perspectives on use of the native language in instruction with English language learner students. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 12(6), 615–633. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050802372760
  • Khong, T., & Saito, E. (2014). Challenges confronting teachers of English language learners. Educational Review, 66(2), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.769425
  • Kim, H. Y., & Cappella, E. (2016). Mapping the social world of classrooms: A multi‐level, multi‐reporter approach to social processes and behavioral engagement. American Journal of Community Psychology, 57(1–2), 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12022
  • Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and Practices in Second Language Acquisition.
  • Ladd, G. W. (2007). Social learning in the peer context. In O. N. Saracho & B. Spodek (Eds.), Contemporary perspectives on socialization and social development in early childhood education (pp. 133–164). Information Age Publishing.
  • Lee, P. (1996). Cognitive Development in Bilingual Children: A Case for Bilingual Instruction in Early Childhood Education. Bilingual Research Journal, 20(3–4), 499–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.1996.10668641
  • Lee, J. S., & Ginsburg, H. P. (2007). Preschool teachers’ beliefs about appropriate early literacy and mathematics education for low-and middle-socioeconomic status children. Early Education and Development, 18(1), 111–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409280701274758
  • Lindholm, K. J., & Aclan, Z. (1991). Bilingual proficiency as a bridge to academic achievement results from bilingual/immersion programs. Journal of Education, 173(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205749117300208
  • Martinez, C. R., Jr., DeGarmo, D. S., & Eddy, J. M. (2004). Promoting academic success among Latino youths. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 26(2), 128–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986304264573
  • McClelland, M. M., Morrison, F. J., & Holmes, D. L. (2000). Children at risk for early academic problems: The role of learning-related social skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 15(3), 307–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(00)00069-7
  • Meng, C. (2020). Effect of classroom language diversity on head start ELL and non-ELL children’s social-emotional development. Applied Developmental Science, 24(3), 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2018.1461015
  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2020a). English Language Learner (ELL) students enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: Selected years, fall 2000 through fall 2018. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d21/tables/dt21_204.20.asp
  • National Center for Education Statistics. (2020b). Enrollment and percentage distribution of enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race/ethnicity and region: Selected years, fall 1995 through fall 2029. https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d20/tables/dt20_203.50.asp
  • Niehaus, K., & Adelson, J. L. (2014). School support, parental involvement, and academic and social-emotional outcomes for English language learners. American Educational Research Journal, 51(4), 810–844. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831214531323
  • O’Connor, E. E., Dearing, E., & Collins, B. A. (2011). Teacher-child relationship and behavior problem trajectories in elementary school. American Educational Research Journal, 48(1), 120–162. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831210365008
  • Ortiz, C. J., Valerio, M. A., & Lopez, K. (2012). Trends in Hispanic academic achievement: Where do we go from here? Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, 11(2), 136–148. https://doi.org/10.1177/1538192712437935
  • Pagani, L. S., Fitzpatrick, C., & Parent, S. (2012). Relating kindergarten attention to subsequent developmental pathways of classroom engagement in elementary school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(5), 715–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9605-4
  • Pianta, R. C. (1999). Enhancing relationships between children and teachers. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10314-000
  • Pianta, R. C. (2001). Student–teacher relationship scale–Short form. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
  • Pianta, R. C., & Stuhlman, M. W. (2004). Teacher-child relationships and children’s success in the first years of school. School Psychology Review, 33(3), 444–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2004.12086261
  • Raver, C. C. (2002). Emotions matter: Making the case for the role of young children’s emotional development for early school readiness. Social Policy Report, 16(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2002.tb00041.x
  • Reardon, S. F., & Galindo, C. (2009). The Hispanic-White achievement gap in math and reading in the elementary grades. American Educational Research Journal, 46(3), 853–891. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831209333184
  • Rimm-Kaufman, S. E., Pianta, R. C., & Cox, M. J. (2000). Teachers’ judgments of problems in the transition to kindergarten. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 15(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(00)00049-1
  • Rolstad, K., Mahoney, K., & Glass, G. V. (2005). The big picture: A meta-analysis of program effectiveness research on English language learners. Educational Policy, 19(4), 572–594. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904805278067
  • Romo, H. D., Thomas, K. J. A., & García, E. E. (2018). Changing demographics of dual language learners and English learners: Implications for school success. Social Policy Report, 31(2), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2018.tb00028.x
  • Rubin, K. H., Bukowski, W. M., & Parker, J. G. (2006). Peer interactions, relationships, and groups. In N. Eisenberg, W. Damon, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Social, emotional, and personality development (pp. 571–645). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Sabol, T. J., Bohlmann, N. L., & Downer, J. T. (2018). Low‐income ethnically diverse children’s engagement as a predictor of school readiness above preschool classroom quality. Child Development, 89(2), 556–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12832
  • Schlee, B. M., Mullis, A. K., & Shriner, M. (2009). Parents social and resource capital: Predictors of academic achievement during early childhood. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(2), 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.07.014
  • Searle, A. K., Miller Lewis, L. R., Sawyer, M. G., & Baghurst, P. A. (2013). Predictors of children’s kindergarten classroom engagement: Preschool adult–child relationships, self-concept, and hyperactivity/inattention. Early Education & Development, 24(8), 1112–1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2013.764223
  • Spilt, J. L., Koomen, H. M., & Mantzicopoulos, P. Y. (2010). Young children’s perceptions of teacher–child relationships: An evaluation of two instruments and the role of child gender in kindergarten. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 31(6), 428–438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2010.07.006
  • Stephens, C. M., Crosby, D. A., Yaya-Bryson, D., & Reid, A. (2023). Supporting Spanish-English DLLs in Head Start: Peer Language Match, Instructional Language Match, and Emotional Support as Predictors of Approaches to Learning and Social Skills. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 63, 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.11.005
  • Stipek, D., Newton, S., & Chudgar, A. (2010). Learning-related behaviors and literacy achievement in elementary school-aged children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 25(3), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2009.12.001
  • Sullivan, B., Hegde, A. V., Ballard, S. M., & Ticknor, A. S. (2015). Interactions and relationships between kindergarten teachers and English language learners. Early Child Development and Care, 185(3), 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2014.919496
  • Sung, Y. (2014). Differential effect of social-emotional behaviors on academic achievement of language-minority students. Child & Youth Care Forum, 43(3), 393–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-014-9245-2
  • Taie, S., & Goldring, R. (2020). Characteristics of public and private elementary and secondary school teachers in the United States: Results from the 2017-18 national teacher and principal survey. National Center for Education Statistics. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2020/2020142rev.pdf
  • Thompson, R. A., & Raikes, H. A. (2007). The social and emotional foundations of school readiness. In D. F. Perry, R. K. Kaufman, & J. Knitzer (Eds.), Social and emotional health in early childhood: Building bridges between services and systems (pp. 13–36). Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
  • U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). Hispanic heritage month 2020. Census. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/facts-for-features/2020/hispanic-heritage-month.html#:%7E:text=60.6%20million&text=Hispanics%20constituted%2018.5%25%20of%20the%20nation’s%20total%20population
  • U.S. Census Bureau. (n.d.). Selected social characteristics in the United States. https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?tid=ACSDP5Y2020.DP02&hidePreview=true
  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society. Harvard University Press.
  • Walker, S. (2005). Gender differences in the relationship between young children’s peer-related social competence and individual differences in theory of mind. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166(3), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.3200/GNTP.166.3.297-312
  • Williford, A. P., Maier, M. F., Downer, J. T., Pianta, R. C., & Howes, C. (2013). Understanding how children’s engagement and teachers’ interactions combine to predict school readiness. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 34(6), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2013.05.002
  • Wolcott, C. S., Williford, A. P., & Hartz-Mandell, K. (2019). The validity of narratives for understanding children’s perceptions of the teacher–child relationship for preschoolers who display elevated disruptive behaviors. Early Education and Development, 30(7), 887–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2018.1556547
  • Yosso*, T. J. (2005). Whose culture has capital? A critical race theory discussion of community cultural wealth. Race, Ethnicity & Education, 8(1), 69–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1361332052000341006
  • Zeng, S., Corr, C. P., O’Grady, C., & Guan, Y. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and preschool suspension expulsion: A population study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 97, 104149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104149

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.