2,307
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

A systematic review of cross-linguistic and multilingual speech and language outcomes for children with hearing loss

&
Pages 287-309 | Received 30 Oct 2012, Accepted 05 Dec 2012, Published online: 08 Feb 2013

References

  • Adi-Bensaid, L., and A. Ben-David. 2010. Typical acquisition by atypical children: Initial consonant cluster acquisition by Israeli Hebrew-acquiring children with cochlear implants. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 24, no. 10: 771–94. doi: 10.3109/02699206.2010.498932
  • Al Khabori, M., and R. Khandekar. 2004. The prevalence and causes of hearing impairment in Oman: A community-based cross-sectional study. International Journal of Audiology 43, no. 8: 486–92. doi: 10.1080/14992020400050062
  • Artieres, F., A. Vieu, M. Mondain, A. Uziel, and F. Venail. 2009. Impact of early cochlear implantation on the linguistic development of the deaf child. Otology and Neurotology 30, no. 6: 736–42. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181b2367b
  • Attias, J., M. Al-Masri, L. Abukader, G. Cohen, P. Merlov, H. Pratt, R. Othman-Jebara, P. Aber, F. Raad, and A. Noyek. 2006. The prevalence of congenital and early-onset hearing loss in Jordanian and Israeli infants. International Journal of Audiology 45, no. 9: 528–36. doi: 10.1080/14992020600810039
  • Bakhshaee, M., M.M. Ghasemi, M.T. Shakeri, N. Razmara, H. Tayarani, and M.R. Tale. 2007. Speech development in children after cochlear implantation. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 264, no. 11: 1263–6. doi: 10.1007/s00405-007-0358-1
  • Barry, J.G., P.J. Blamey, and J. Fletcher. 2006. Factors affecting the acquisition of vowel phonemes by pre-linguistically deafened cochlear implant users learning Cantonese. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 20, no. 10: 761–80. doi: 10.1080/02699200500363724
  • Barry, J.G., P.J. Blamey, and L.F.A. Martin. 2002. A multidimensional scaling analysis of tone discrimination ability in Cantonese-speaking children using a cochlear implant. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 16, no. 2: 101–13. doi: 10.1080/02699200110109811
  • Barry, J.G., P.J. Blamey, L.F.A. Martin, K.Y.S. Lee, T. Tang, Y.Y. Ming, and C.A. van Hasselt. 2002. Tone discrimination in Cantonese-speaking children using a cochlear implant. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 16, no. 2: 79–99. doi: 10.1080/02699200110109802
  • Baudonck, N., I. Dhooge, E. D'haeseleer, and K. Van Lierde. 2010. A comparison of the consonant production between Dutch children using cochlear implants and children using hearing aids. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 74, no. 4: 416–21. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.01.017
  • Baudonck, N., I. Dhooge, and K. Van Lierde. 2010. Intelligibility of hearing impaired children as judged by their parents: A comparison between children using cochlear implants and children using hearing aids. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 74, no. 11: 1310–5. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.08.011
  • Baudonck, N., K. Van Lierde, E. D'haeseleer, and I. Dhooge. 2011. A comparison of the perceptual evaluation of speech production between bilaterally implanted children, unilaterally implanted children, children using hearing aids, and normal-hearing children. International Journal of Audiology 50, no. 12: 912–9. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2011.605803
  • Beer, J., M.S. Harris, W.G. Kronenberger, R.F. Holt, and D.B. Pisoni. 2012. Auditory skills, language development, and adaptive behavior of children with cochlear implants and additional disabilities. International Journal of Audiology 51, no. 6: 491–8. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2012.664291
  • Berrettini, S., F. Forli, E. Genovese, R. Santarelli, E. Arslan, A.M. Chilosi, and P. Cipriani. 2008. Cochlear implantation in deaf children with associated disabilities: Challenges and outcomes. International Journal of Audiology 47, no. 4: 199–208. doi: 10.1080/14992020701870197
  • Boes, S. 2004. Influences of hearing impairment on word prosody: Preliminary results. Asia Pacific Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing 9, no. 1: 21–7.
  • Borg, E., A. Risberg, B. McAllister, B.M. Undemar, G. Edquist, A.-C. Reinholdson, A. Wiking-Johnsson, and U. Willstedt-Svensson. 2002. Language development in hearing-impaired children: Establishment of a reference material for a ‘Language test for hearing-impaired children’, LATHIC. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 65, no. 1: 15–26. doi: 10.1016/S0165-5876(02)00120-9
  • Bouchard, M.E., M.T. Normand, and H. Cohen. 2007. Production of consonants by prelinguistically deaf children with cochlear implants. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 21, no. 11–12: 875–84. doi: 10.1080/02699200701653634
  • Bubbico, L., F.B. Di Castelbianco, M. Tangucci, and F. Salvinelli. 2007. Early hearing detection and intervention in children with prelingual deafness: Effects on language development. Minerva Pediatrica 59, no. 4: 307–13.
  • CAHE Review Team. 2009. A systematic review of the literature on early intervention for children with permanent hearing loss. Adelaide: Centre for Allied Health Evidence.
  • Cheng, L.-R.L. 2007. Introduction: International perspectives of speech acquisition. In The international guide to speech acquisition, Sharynne McLeod, xxii–xxiv. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson.
  • Ching, T.Y.C., K. Crowe, V. Martin, J. Day, N. Mahler, S. Youn, L. Street, C. Cook, and J. Orsini. 2010. Language development and everyday functioning of children with hearing loss assessed at 3 years of age. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 12, no. 2: 124–31. doi: 10.3109/17549500903577022
  • Ching, T.Y.C., R. Oong, and E. Van Wanrooy. 2006. The ages of intervention in regions with and without universal newborn hearing screening and prevalence of childhood hearing impairment in Australia. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Audiology 28, no. 2: 137–50. doi: 10.1375/audi.28.2.137
  • Ciocca, V., A.L. Francis, R. Aisha, and L. Wong. 2002. The perception of Cantonese lexical tones by early-deafened cochlear implantees. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 111, no. 5: 2250–6. doi: 10.1121/1.1471897
  • Crowe, K., S. McLeod, and T.Y.C. Ching. 2012. The cultural and linguistic diversity of 3-year-old children with hearing loss. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 17, no. 4: 421–38. doi: 10.1093/deafed/ens028
  • Crystal, D. 1997. The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Dammeyer, J. 2008. Congenitally deafblind children and cochlear implants: Effects on communication. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 14, no. 2: 278–88. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enn042
  • Daneshi, A., S. Hassanzadeh, H. Emamdjomeh, S.H. Mohammadi, S. Arzhangi, M. Farhadi, and H. Najmabadi. 2011. Prevalence of GJB2-associated deafness and outcomes of cochlear implantation in Iran. Journal of Laryngology and Otology 125, no. 5: 455–9. doi: 10.1017/S0022215110002999
  • De Raeve, L. 2010. A longitudinal study on auditory perception and speech intelligibility in deaf children implanted younger than 18 months in comparison to those implanted at later ages. Otology and Neurotology 31, no. 8: 1261–7. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181f1cde3
  • Delage, H., and L. Tuller. 2007. Language development and mild-to-moderate hearing loss: Does language normalize with age? Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 50, no. 5: 1300–13. doi: 1092-4388/07/5005-1300
  • Duchesne, L., A. Sutton, and F. Bergeron. 2009. Language achievement in children who received cochlear implants between 1 and 2 years of age: Group trends and individual patterns. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 14, no. 4: 465–85. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enp010
  • Ertmer, D.J. 2011. Assessing speech intelligibility in children with hearing loss: Toward revitalizing a valuable clinical tool. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 42, no. 1: 52–8. doi: 10.1044/0161-1461
  • Fischgrund, J.E. 1982. Language intervention for hearing-impaired children from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds. Topics in Language Disorders 2, no. 3: 57–66.10.1097/00011363-198206000-00010
  • Friedmann, N., and R. Szterman. 2006. Syntactic movement in orally trained children with hearing impairment. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 11, no. 1: 56–75. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enj002
  • Friedmann, N., and R. Szterman. 2011. The comprehension and production of wh-questions in deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 16, no. 2: 212–35. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enq052
  • Fung, P.-C., B.W.-Y. Chow, and C. McBride-Chang. 2005. The impact of a dialogic reading program on deaf and hard-of-hearing kindergarten and early primary school-aged students in Hong Kong. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 10, no. 1: 82–95. doi: 10.1093/deafed/eni005
  • Geers, A.E. 2004. The ears of the deaf unstopped: Changes associated with cochlear implantation. Seminars in Hearing 25, no. 3: 257. 10.1055/s-2004-832859
  • Girgin, M.C. 2008. Speech rates of Turkish prelingually hearing-impaired children. International Journal of Special Education 23, no. 2: 27–32.
  • Goldin-Meadow, S., A. Ozyurek, B. Sancar, and C. Mylander. 2009. Making language around the globe: A cross linguistic study of home sign in the United States, China, and Turkey. In Cross linguistic approaches to the psychology of language: Research in the tradition of Dan Isaac Slobin, ed. Jiansheng Guo, Elena Lieven, Nancy Budwig, Susan Ervin-Tripp, Keiko Nakamura, and Seyda Ozcaliskan, 27–40. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Grech, H., and S. McLeod. 2012. Multilingual speech and language development and disorders. In Communication disorders in multicultural and international populations, ed. Dolores Battle, 120–47. St Louis, MO: Elsevier.
  • Grosjean, F. 2010a. Bilingualism, biculturalism, and deafness. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 13, no. 2: 133–45.10.1080/13670050903474051
  • Grosjean, F. 2010b. Studying bilinguals: Methodologies and conceptual issues. In Bilingualism and multilingualism: Critical concepts in linguistics, ed. Li Wei, 1–30. Abingdon: Routledge.
  • Guiberson, M.M. 2005. Children with cochlear implants from bilingual families: Considerations for intervention and a case study. Volta Review 105, no. 1: 29–39.
  • Guiberson, M.M., and J. Atkins. 2012. Speech-language pathologists’ preparation, practices, and perspectives on serving culturally and linguistically diverse children. Communication Disorders Quarterly 33, no. 3: 169–80. doi: 10.1177/1525740110384132
  • Hammer, C.S. 2011. The importance of participant demographics. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 20, no. 4: 261. doi: 10.1044/1058-0360(2011/ed-04)
  • Han, D., B. Liu, N. Zhou, X. Chen, Y. Kong, H. Liu, Y. Zheng, and L. Xu. 2009. Lexical tone perception with HiResolution and HiResolution 120 sound-processing strategies in pediatric Mandarin-speaking cochlear implant users. Ear and Hearing 30, no. 2: 169–77. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31819342cf
  • Han, D., N. Zhou, Y. Li, X. Chen, X. Zhao, and L. Xu. 2007. Tone production of Mandarin Chinese speaking children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 71, no. 6: 875–80. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.02.008
  • Hansson, K., J. Forsberg, A. Lofqvist, E. Mäki-Torkko, and B. Sahlén. 2004. Working memory and novel word learning in children with hearing impairment and children with specific language impairment. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 39, no. 3: 401–22. doi: 10.1080/13682820410001669887
  • Hansson, K., B. Sahlén, and E. Mäki-Torkko. 2007. Can a ‘single hit’ cause limitations in language development? A comparative study of Swedish children with hearing impairment and children with specific language impairment. International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders 42, no. 3: 307–23. doi: 10.1080/13682820600933526
  • Hua, Z. 2007. Putonghua (modern standard Chinese) speech acquisition. In The international guide to speech acquisition, ed. Sharynne McLeod, 516–27. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson.
  • Huang, C.-Y., H.-M. Yang, Y.-J. Sher, Y.-H. Lin, and J.-L. Wu. 2005. Speech intelligibility of Mandarin-speaking deaf children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 69, no. 4: 505–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.10.017
  • Huttunen, K.H. 2001. Phonological development in 4-6-year-old moderately hearing impaired children. Scandinavian Audiology 30, no. Suppl. 53: 79–82. doi: 10.1080/010503901750166745
  • Huttunen, K.H. 2008. Development of speech intelligibility and narrative abilities and their interrelationship three and five years after paediatric cochlear implantation. International Journal of Audiology 47, no. S2: S38–46. doi: 10.1080/14992020802322619
  • Jiménez, M.S., M.J. Pino, and J. Herruzo. 2009. A comparative study of speech development between deaf children with cochlear implants who have been educated with spoken or spoken + sign language. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 73, no. 1: 109–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.10.007
  • Keilmann, A., P. Kluesener, C. Freude, and B. Schramm. 2011. Manifestation of speech and language disorders in children with hearing impairment compared with children with specific language disorders. Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 36, no. 1: 12–20. doi: 10.3109/14015439.2010.517550
  • Kennedy, C.R., D.C. McCann, M.J. Campbell, C.M. Law, M. Mullee, S. Petrou, P.M. Watkin, S. Worsfold, H.M. Yuen, and J. Stevenson. 2006. Language ability after early detection of permanent childhood hearing impairment. New England Journal of Medicine 354, no. 20: 2131–41. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa054915
  • Kiese-Himmel, C. 2008. Receptive (aural) vocabulary development in children with permanent bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 122, no. 05: 458–65. doi: 10.1017/S0022215107000321
  • Kiese-Himmel, C., and M. Reeh. 2006. Assessment of expressive vocabulary outcomes in hearing-impaired children with hearing aids: Do bilaterally hearing-impaired children catch up? Journal of Laryngology and Otology 120, no. 8: 619–26. doi: 10.1017/S0022215106001319
  • Korver, A.M.H., S. Konings, F.W. Dekker, M. Beers, C.C. Wever, J.H.M. Frijns, and A.M. Oudesluys-Murphy. 2010. Newborn hearing screening vs later hearing screening and developmental outcomes in children with permanent childhood hearing impairment. Journal of the American Medical Association 304, no. 15: 1701–8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1501
  • Kumar, S. 2008. A systematic review of the literature on early intervention for children with a permanent hearing loss. Brisbane: Centre for Allied Health Evidence review team.
  • Kunisue, K., K. Fukushima, A. Kawasaki, Y. Maeda, R. Nagayasu, Y. Kataoka, S. Kariya, Y. Fukutomi, H. Takami, and K. Nishizaki. 2007. Comprehension of abstract words among hearing impaired children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 71, no. 11: 1671–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.06.015
  • Law, Z.W.Y., and L.K.H. So. 2006. Phonological abilities of hearing-impaired Cantonese-speaking children with cochlear implants or hearing aids. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 49, no. 6: 1342–53. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/096)
  • Lee, K.Y.S., C.A. van Hasselt, S.N. Chiu, and D.M.C. Cheung. 2002. Cantonese tone perception ability of cochlear implant children in comparison with normal-hearing children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 63, no. 2: 137–47. doi: 0196/0202/07/282
  • Lee, K.Y.S., C.A. van Hasselt, and M.C.F. Tong. 2008. Tone perception in Cantonese-speaking children with hearing aids. Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology 117, no. 4: 313–6.
  • Lee, K.Y.S., C.A. van Hasselt, and M.C.F. Tong. 2010. Lexical tone perception ability of profoundly hearing-impaired children: Performance of cochlear implant and hearing aid users. Otology and Neurotology 31, no. 7: 1079–87. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181eb3242
  • Leigh, G. 2008. Changing parameters in deafness and deaf education: Greater opportunity but continuing diversity. In Deaf cognition: Foundations and outcomes, ed. Marc Marschark and Peter C. Hauser, 24–51. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Lejeune, B., and L. Demanez. 2006. Speech discrimination and intelligibility: Outcome of deaf children fitted with hearing aids or cochlear implants. B-ENT 2, no. 2: 63–8.
  • Lerman, A. 1984. Survey of Hispanic hearing-impaired students and their families in New York city. In The Hispanic deaf: Issues and challenges for bilingual special education, ed. Gilbert L Delgado, 38–56. Washington, DC: Gallaudet College Press.
  • Lertsukprasert, K., N. Kasemkosin, W. Cheewareungroj, and L. Kasemsuwan. 2010. Listening and speaking ability of Thai deaf children in preschool aural rehabilitation program. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand 93, no. 4: 474–80.
  • Liker, M., V. Mildner, and B. Sindija. 2007. Acoustic analysis of the speech of children with cochlear implants: A longitudinal study. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 21, no. 1: 1–11. doi: 10.1080/02699200400026991
  • Lin, H.-C., C.-C. Yang, Y.-W. Chiang, P.-W. Hung, E.Y. Yang, L. Wang, and G. Lin. 2011. Effect of identification and intervention age on language development for Mandarin-speaking deaf children with high family involvement. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 75, no. 3: 409–14. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.12.017
  • Lin, Y.-S., and S.-C. Peng. 2003. Acquisition profiles of syllable-initial consonants in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 123, no. 9: 1046–53. doi: 10.1080/00016480410016171
  • Mahon, M. 2009. Interactions between a deaf child for whom English is an additional language and his specialist teacher in the first year at school: Combining words and gestures. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 23, no. 8: 611–29. doi: 10.1080/02699200802491140
  • Mahon, M., D. Vickers, K. McCarthy, R. Barker, R. Merritt, G. Szagun, W. Mann, and K. Rajput. 2011. Cochlear-implanted children from homes where English is an additional language: Findings from a recent audit in one London centre. Cochlear Implants International 12, no. 2: 105–13. doi: 10.1179/146701010x486552
  • McConkey Robbins, A., J.E. Green, and S.B. Waltzman. 2004. Bilingual oral language proficiency in children with cochlear implants. Archives of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery 130, no. 5: 644–7. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.5.644
  • McLeod, S. 2012. Multilingual speech assessment. In Multilingual aspects of speech sound disorders, ed. Sharynne McLeod & Brian A. Goldstein. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
  • Meneghini, R., and A.L. Packer. 2007. Is there science beyond English? Initiatives to increase the quality and visibility of non-English publications might help to break down language barriers in scientific communication. EMBO Reports 8, no. 2: 112–6. doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400906
  • Mildner, V., and M. Liker. 2008. Fricatives, affricates, and vowels in Croatian children with cochlear implants. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 22, no. 10–11: 845–56. doi: 10.1080/02699200802130557
  • Minja, B.M., and A. Machemba. 1996. Prevalence of otitis media, hearing impairment and cerumen impaction among school children in rural and urban Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 37, no. 1: 29–34. doi: 10.1016/0165-5876(96)01363-8
  • Montebello Unified School District Instructional Division. 1978. Student oral language observation matrix. Unpublished test.
  • Moog, J.S., and K.K. Stein. 2008. Teaching deaf children to talk. Contemporary Issues in Communication Science and Disorders 35: 133–42. doi: 1092-5171/08/3502-0133
  • Moore, J.A., S. Prath, and A. Arrieta. 2006. Early Spanish speech acquisition following cochlear implantation. Volta Review 106, no. 3: 321–41.
  • Most, T. 2003. The use of repair strategies: Bilingual deaf children using sign language and spoken language. American Annals of the Deaf 148, no. 4: 308–14. doi: 10.1353/aad.2003.0030
  • Most, T. 2006. Assessment of school functioning among Israeli Arab children with hearing loss in the primary grades. American Annals of the Deaf 151, no. 3: 327–35. doi: 10.1353/aad.2006.0038
  • Most, T. 2007. Speech intelligibility, loneliness, and sense of coherence among deaf and hard-of-hearing children in individual inclusion and group inclusion. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 12, no. 4: 495–503. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enm015
  • Murphy, J., and B. Dodd. 2010. A diagnostic challenge: Language difficulties and hearing impairment in a secondary-school student from a non-English-speaking background. Child Language Teaching and Therapy 26, no. 3: 207. doi: 10.1177/0265659009349977
  • Nardi, M. 2008. To boldly go … abroad!? In English in international deaf communication, ed. Cynthia J. Kellett Bidoli and Elana Ochse, 279–304. Bern: Peter Lang.
  • Neumeyer, V., J. Harrington, and C. Draxler. 2010. An acoustic analysis of the vowel space in young and old cochlear-implant speakers. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 24, no. 9: 734–41. doi: 10.3109/02699206.2010.491173
  • Nittrouer, S. 2008. Outcomes for children with HL: Effects of age of ID, sign support, and auditory prosthesis. Perspectives on Hearing and Hearing Disorders in Childhood 18, no. 2: 74–82. doi: 10.1044/hhdc18.2.74
  • Northern, J.L., and M.P. Downs. 2002. Hearing in children. 5th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
  • Ostojic, S., S. Djokovic, N. Dimic, and B. Mikic. 2011. Cochlear implant: Speech and language development in deaf and hard of hearing children following implantation. Vojnosanitetski Pregled 68, no. 4: 349–52. doi: 10.2298/VSP1104349O
  • Ouellet, C., M.-T. Le Normand, and H. Cohen. 2001. Language evolution in children with cochlear implants. Brain and Cognition 46, no. 1–2: 231–5. doi: 10.1016/S0278-2626(01)80073-7
  • Ozbic, M., and D. Kogovsek. 2010. Vowel formant values in hearing and hearing-impaired children: A discriminant analysis. Deafness and Education International 12, no. 2: 99–128. doi: 10.1179/146431510X12626982043804
  • Peng, S.-C., J.B. Tomblin, H. Cheung, Y.-S. Lin, and L.-S. Wang. 2004. Perception and production of Mandarin tones in prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Ear and Hearing 25, no. 3: 251–64. doi: 0196/0202/04/2503-0251/0
  • Peng, S.-C., A.L. Weiss, H. Cheung, and Y.-S. Lin. 2004. Consonant production and language skills in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants. Archives of Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery 130, no. 5: 592–7. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.5.592
  • Percy-Smith, L., P. Caye-Thomasen, N. Breinegaard, and J.H. Jensen. 2010. Parental mode of communication is essential for speech and language outcomes in cochlear implanted children. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 130, no. 6: 708–15. doi: 10.3109/00016480903359939
  • Philips, B., P. Corthals, L. De Raeve, W. D'Haenens, L. Maes, A. Bockstael, H. Keppler, et al. 2009. Impact of newborn hearing screening: Comparing outcomes in pediatric cochlear implant users. Laryngoscope 119, no. 5: 974–9. doi: 10.1002/lary.20188
  • Phillips, L., S. Hassanzadeh, J. Kosaner, J. Martin, M. Deibl, and I. Anderson. 2009. Comparing auditory perception and speech production outcomes: Non-language specific assessment of auditory perception and speech production in children with cochlear implants. Cochlear Implants International 10, no. 2: 92–102.10.1002/cii.396
  • Pisoni, D.B., C.M. Conway, W.G. Kronenberger, D.L. Horn, J. Karpicke, and S.C. Henning. 2008. Efficacy and effectiveness of cochlear implants in deaf children. In Deaf cognition: Foundations and outcomes, ed. Marc Marschark and Peter C. Hauser, 52–101. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Profant, M., Z. Kabatova, and L. Simkova. 2008. From hearing screening to cochlear implantation: Cochlear implants in children under 3 years of age. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 128, no. 4: 369–72. doi: 10.1080/00016480701736254
  • Punch, R., M. Hyde, and D. Power. 2007. Career and workplace experiences of Australian university graduates who are deaf or hard of hearing. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 12, no. 4: 504–17. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enm011
  • Reuterskiold, C., T. Ibertsson and B. Sahlén. 2010. Venturing beyond the sentence level: Narrative skills in children with hearing loss. Volta Review 110, no. 3: 389–406.
  • Rinaldi, P., and C. Caselli. 2009. Lexical and grammatical abilities in deaf Italian preschoolers: The role of duration of formal language experience. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 14, no. 1: 63–75. doi: 10.1093/deafed/enn019
  • Romaine, S. 2013. The bilingual and multilingual community. In The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism, ed. Tej K. Bhatia and William C. Ritchie, 445–65. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
  • Sahlén, B., and K. Hansson. 2006. Novel word learning and its relation to working memory and language in children with mild-to-moderate hearing impairment and children with specific language impairment. Journal of Multilingual Communication Disorders 4, no. 2: 95–107. doi: 10.1080/14769670600929360
  • Scherf, F.W., L. van Deun, A. van Wieringen, J. Wouters, C. Desloovere, I. Dhooge, E. Offeciers, et al.. 2009. Functional outcome of sequential bilateral cochlear implantation in young children: 36 months postoperative results. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 73, no. 5: 723–30. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.01.009
  • Schramm, B., A. Bohnert, and A. Keilmann. 2009. The pre-lexical development in children implanted by 16 months compared with normal hearing children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 73, no. 12: 1673–81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.08.023
  • Seifert, E., M. Oswald, U. Bruns, M. Vischer, M. Kompis, and R. Haeusler. 2002. Changes of voice and articulation in children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 66, no. 2: 115–23. doi: 10.1016/S0165-5876(02)00216-1
  • Sininger, Y.S., A. Grimes, and E. Christensen. 2010. Auditory development in early amplified children: Factors influencing auditory-based communication outcomes in children with hearing loss. Ear and Hearing 31, no. 2: 166–85. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181c8e7b6
  • Slobin, D.I. 1985. Crosslinguistic evidence for the language-making capacity. In The cross-linguistic study of language acquisition: Volume 2. Theoretical issues, ed. Dan I. Slobin, 1157–256. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • So, L.K.H. 2007. Cantonese speech acquisition. In The international guide to speech acquisition, ed. Sharynne McLeod, 313–26. New York: Thompson Delmar Learning.
  • Sparreboom, M., J. van Schoonhoven, B.G.A. van Zanten, R.J.P.M. Scholten, E.A.M. Mylanus, W. Grolman, and B. Maat. 2010. The effectiveness of bilateral cochlear implants for severe-to-profound deafness in children: A systematic review. Otology and Neurotology 31, no. 7: 1062–71. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181e3d62c
  • Spencer, L.J., B.J. Gantz, and J.F. Knutson. 2004. Outcomes and achievement of students who grew up with access to cochlear implants. Laryngoscope 114, no. 9: 1576–81. doi: 10.1097/00005537-200409000-00014
  • Swanepoel, D., C. Störbeck, and P. Friedland. 2009. Early hearing detection and intervention in South Africa. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 73, no. 6: 783–6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.01.007
  • Szagun, G. 2004. Learning by ear: On the acquisition of case and gender marking by German-speaking children with normal hearing and with cochlear implants. Journal of Child Language 31, no. 1: 1–30. doi: 10.1017/S0305000903005889
  • Teschendorf, M., S. Janeschik, H. Bagus, S. Lang, and D. Arweiler-Harbeck. 2011. Speech development after cochlear implantation in children from bilingual homes. Otology and Neurotology 32, no. 2: 229–35. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e318204ac1b
  • Thomas, E., H. El-Kashlan, and T.A. Zwolan. 2008. Children with cochlear implants who live in monolingual and bilingual homes. Otology and Neurotology 29, no. 2: 230–4. doi: 10.1097/mao.0b013e31815f668b
  • Tur-Kaspa, H., and E. Dromi. 2001. Grammatical deviations in the spoken and written language of Hebrew-speaking children with hearing impairments. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 32, no. 2: 79–89. doi: 10.1044/0161-1461
  • U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. 2008. Universal screening for hearing loss in newborns: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Pediatrics 122, no. 1: 143–8. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2210
  • Van Lierde, K.M., B.M. Vinck, N. Baudonck, E. De Vel, and I. Dhooge. 2005. Comparison of the overall intelligibility, articulation, resonance, and voice characteristics between children using cochlear implants and those using bilateral hearing aids: A pilot study. International Journal of Audiology 44, no. 8: 452–65. doi: 10.1080/14992020500189146
  • Waltzman, S.B., A. McConkey Robbins, J.E. Green, and N.L. Cohen. 2003. Second oral language capabilities in children with cochlear implants. Otology and Neurotology 24, no. 5: 757–63. doi: 10.1097/00129492-200309000-00012
  • Wang, N.M., T.S. Huang, C.-M. Wu, and K.I. Kirk. 2007. Pediatric cochlear implantation in Taiwan: Long-term communication outcomes. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 71, no. 11: 1775–82. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.08.004
  • Wie, O.B. 2010. Language development in children after receiving bilateral cochlear implants between 5 and 18 months. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 74, no. 11: 1258–66. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.07.026
  • Williams, C.J., and S. McLeod. 2012. Speech-language pathologists’ assessment and intervention practices with multilingual children. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 14, no, 3: 292–305. doi: 10.3109/17549507.2011.636071
  • Wong, A.O.C., and L.L.N. Wong. 2004. Tone perception of Cantonese-speaking prelingually hearing-impaired children with cochlear implants. Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery 130, no. 6: 751–8. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2003.09.037
  • World Health Organization. 2007. International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • World Health Organization. 2010. Deafness and hearing impairment. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Wu, C.-M., Y.-A. Chen, K.-C. Chan, L.-A. Lee, K.-H. Hsu, B.-G. Lin, and T.-C. Liu. 2011. Long-term language levels and reading skills in Mandarin-speaking prelingually deaf children with cochlear implants. Audiology and Neuro-Otology 16, no. 6: 359–80. doi: 10.1159/000322310
  • Xu, L., X. Chen, H. Lu, N. Zhou, S. Wang, Q. Liu, Y. Li, X. Zhao, and D. Han. 2011. Tone perception and production in pediatric cochlear implants users. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 131, no. 4: 395–8. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2010.536993
  • Xu, L., Y. Li, J. Hao, X. Chen, S.A. Xue, and D. Han. 2004. Tone production in Mandarin-speaking children with cochlear implants: A preliminary study. Acta Oto-Laryngologica 124, no. 4: 363–7. doi: 10.1080/00016480410016351
  • Yoshida, H., Y. Kanda, H. Takahashi, I. Miyamoto, T. Yamamoto, and H. Kumagami. 2009. Cochlear implantation in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Otology and Neurotology 30, no. 6: 725–30. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181b1212e

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.