A Proposed Framework to Develop, Describe and Evaluate Peer-Assisted Learning Programs

References

• Giles JA. Peer assisted learning. BMJ. 2009;b2498. doi:10.1136/sbmj.b2498
   Google Scholar
• Tai J, Molloy E, Haines T, Canny B. Same-level peer-assisted learning in medical clinical placements: a narrative systematic review. Med Edu. 2016;50(4):469–484. doi:10.1111/medu.12898
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topping KJ. Trends in peer learning. Educ Psychol. 2005;25(6):631–645.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett D, O’Flynn S, Kelly M. Peer assisted learning in the clinical setting: an activity systems analysis. Advan Health Sci Educ. 2015;20(3):595–610. doi:10.1007/s10459-014-9557-x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolene H, Weidner T, Marty M. Peer Assisted Learning in Clinical Education: literature Review. Athletic Training Education Journal. 2011;3(3):84–90.
   Google Scholar
• Al Kawas S, Hamdy H. Peer-assisted learning associated with team-based learning in dental education. Health Prof Educ. 2017;3(1):38–43. doi:10.1016/j.hpe.2016.08.003
   Google Scholar
• Naslund JA, Aschbrenner KA, Marsch LA, Bartels SJ. The future of mental health care: peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2016;25(2):113–122. doi:10.1017/S2045796015001067
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Secomb J. A systematic review of peer teaching and learning in clinical education. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17(6):703–716. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2007.01954.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herrmann-Werner A, et al. Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL) Im Medizinischen Grundstudium: eine Übersicht. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes. 2017;121:74–81. doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2017.01.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jenness S. Teaching and Learning together in higher education being comfortable with uncertainty. Teach Learning Together Higher Educ. 2012;1(9):1–3.
   Google Scholar
• Thampy H, Kersey N. Peer-Assisted Learning for Foundation Doctors. Clinical Teacher. 2017;14(3):180–183. doi:10.1111/tct.12586
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrbeck CA, Ginsburg-Block MD, Fantuzzo JW, Miller TR. Peer-assisted learning interventions with elementary school students: a meta-analytic review. J Educ Psychol. 2003;95(2):240–257. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.95.2.240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudland JR, Rennie SC. Medical faculty opinions of peer tutoring. Educ Health. 2014;27(1):4–9. doi:10.4103/1357-6283.134290
   Google Scholar
• Crouch CH, Mazur E. Peer instruction: ten years of experience and results. Am J Phys. 2001;69(9):970–977. doi:10.1119/1.1374249
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field M, Burke JM, McAllister D, Lloyd DM. Peer-assisted learning: a novel approach to clinical skills learning for medical students. Med Edu. 2007;41(4):411–418. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2007.02713.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs D, Fuchs LS. Peer-assisted learning strategies. J Spec Educ. 2005b;39(1):34–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammond JA, Bithell CP, Jones L, Bidgood P. A first year experience of student-directed peer-assisted learning. Active Learn Higher Educ. 2010;11(3):201–212. doi:10.1177/1469787410379683
   Google Scholar
• McMaster KL, Fuchs D, Fuchs LS. Research on peer-assisted learning strategies: the promise and limitations of peer-mediated instruction. Reading Writing Quart. 2006;22(1):5–25.
   Google Scholar
• Ross MT, Cameron HS. Peer assisted learning: a planning and implementation framework: AMEE Guide No. 30. Med Teach. 2007;29(6):527–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Topping KJ, Ehly SW. Peer assisted learning: a framework for consultation. J Educ Psychol Consultation. 2001;12(2):113–132. doi:10.1207/S1532768XJEPC1202_03
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aba Alkhail B. Near-Peer-Assisted Learning (NPAL) in undergraduate medical students and their perception of having medical interns as their near peer teacher. Med Teach. 2015;37(S1):S33–39. doi:10.3109/0142159X.2015.1006602
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgess A, Deborah M. Peer teacher training for health professional students: a systematic review of formal programs 13 education 1303 specialist studies in education 13 education 1302 curriculum and pedagogy. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiely R, Rea-Dickins P. Program evaluation in language education. Program Evaluation in Language Education. 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Burgess A, McGregor D, Mellis C. Medical students as peer tutors: a systematic review. BMC Med Educ. 2014;14(1):1. doi:10.1186/1472-6920-14-115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill A. et al. Medical students-as-teachers: a systematic review of peer-assisted teaching during medical school. Advan Med Educ Pract;2011. 157. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S14383
   Google Scholar
• Ruiz JG, Mintzer MJ, Leipzig RM. The impact of E-learning in medical education. Acad Med. 2006;81(3):207–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haji F, Morin MP, Parker K. Rethinking programme evaluation in health professions education: beyond ‘did it work?’. Med Educ. 2013;47(4):342–351. doi:10.1111/medu.12091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rink J. Teacher education programs: the role of context in learning how to teach. J Phys Educ Recreat Dance. 1997;68(1):17–19. doi:10.1080/07303084.1997.10604871
   Google Scholar
• Govender I. The learning context: influence on learning to program. Comput Educ. 2009;53(4):1218–1230. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.06.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hara B. Teacher-centered vs student-centered. Sci Educ. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Ginsburg-Block MD, Rohrbeck CA, Fantuzzo JW. A meta-analytic review of social, self-concept, and behavioral outcomes of peer-assisted learning. J Educ Psychol. 2006;98(4):732–749. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.98.4.732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartel RW, Foegeding EA. Learning: objectives, competencies, or outcomes? J Food Sci Educ. 2006;3(4):69–70. doi:10.1111/j.1541-4329.2004.tb00047.x
   Google Scholar
• Hauer J, Quill T. Educational needs assessment, development of learning objectives, and choosing a teaching approach. J Palliat Med. 2011;14(4):503–508. doi:10.1089/jpm.2010.0232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callese T, Strowd R, Navarro B, et al. Conversation starter: advancing the theory of peer-assisted learning. Teach Learn Med. 2019;31(1):7–16. doi:10.1080/10401334.2018.1550855
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loda T, Erschens R, Loenneker H, et al. Cognitive and social congruence in peer-assisted learning – a scoping review. PLoS One. 2019;14(9):9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0222224
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamachi S, Giles JA, Dornan T, Hill EJR. ‘You understand that whole big situation they’re in’: interpretative phenomenological analysis of peer-assisted learning. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abedini M, Mortazavi F, Javadinia SA, Moonaghi HK. A new teaching approach in basic sciences: peer assisted learning. Proc Soc Behav Sci. 2013;83:39–43. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.008
   Google Scholar
• Jauregui J, Bright S, Strote J, Shandro J. A novel approach to medical student peer-assisted learning through case-based simulations. Western J Emerg Med. 2018;19(1):193–197. doi:10.5811/westjem.2017.10.35319
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs D, Fuchs LS. Peer-assisted learning strategies: promoting word recognition, fluency, and reading comprehension in young children. J Special Educ. 2005a;39(1):34–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans DJR, Cuffe T. Near-peer teaching in anatomy: an approach for deeper learning. Anat Sci Educ. 2009;2(5):227–233. doi:10.1002/ase.110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bugaj TJ, Blohm M, Schmid C, et al. Peer-Assisted Learning (PAL): skills Lab Tutors’ experiences and motivation. BMC Med Educ. 2019;19(1):1. doi:10.1186/s12909-019-1760-2
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olaussen A, Reddy P, Irvine S, Williams B. Peer-assisted learning: time for nomenclature clarification. Med Educ Online. 2016;21:1. doi:10.3402/meo.v21.30974
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menezes A, Burgess A, Clarke A, Mellis C. Peer-assisted learning in medical school: tutees perspective. Advan Med Educ Pract. 2016;31. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S94570
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habib SH, Malik MO, Fatima S, Shah I. Evaluation of peer assisted learning in evidence based medicine course: a pilot study at university of glasgow. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2017;29(4):662–666.
   Google Scholar
• Nutt D, Calderon D. 2009. “International Perspectives on the First-Year Experience in Higher Education. The First-Year Experience Monograph Series No. 52.” National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition.
   Google Scholar
• Wadoodi A, Crosby JR. Twelve tips for peer-assisted learning: a classic concept revisited. Med Teach. 2002;24(3):241–244. doi:10.1080/01421590220134060
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer EW. Evaluation models for evaluating educational programs. Assessing Eval Adult Learn Career Techn Educ. 2010;106–126.
   Google Scholar
• Cook DA. Twelve Tips for evaluating educational programs. Med Teach. 2010;32(4):296–301. doi:10.3109/01421590903480121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Al-Bashir M, Kabir R, Rahman I. The value and effectiveness of feedback in improving students’ learning and professionalizing teaching in higher education. J Educ Pract. 2016;7(16):38–41.
   Google Scholar
• AlWahbi A. The need for faculty training programs in effective feedback provision. Advan Med Educ Pract. 2014;263. doi:10.2147/AMEP.S62889
   Google Scholar
• Awasthi S, Yadav K. Assessment of the Acceptance and Effectiveness of Peer-Assisted Learning in Pediatrics. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(4):3. doi:10.4103/2229-516X.162253
   Google Scholar
• Bredtmann J, Crede CJ, Otten S. Methods for evaluating educational programs: does writing center participation affect student achievement? Eval Program Plann. 2013;36(1):115–123. doi:10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2012.09.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capstick S. 2004. Benefits and shortcomings of peer assisted learning (pal) in higher education: an appraisal by students. A working copy produced for the Peer Assisted Learning Conference, Bournemouth (January): 1–53.
   Google Scholar
• Smith J, May S, Burke L. Peer assisted learning: a case study into the value to student mentors and mentees. Higher Educ. 2007;2(2):80–109.
   Google Scholar
• Weidner TG, Popp JK. Peer-assisted learning and orthopaedic evaluation psychomotor skills. J Athl Train. 2007;42(1):113–119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Normore AH, Lahera AI. The evolution of educational leadership preparation programmes. J Educ Adm Hist. 2019;51(1):27–42. doi:10.1080/00220620.2018.1513914
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar