Organ-specific antibodies in LADA patients for the prediction of insulin dependence

References

• Atkinson MA, Maclaren NK. The pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1428–1436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eisenbarth GS. Type I diabetes mellitus. A chronic autoimmune disease. N Engl J Med 1986;314:1360–1368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner R, Stratton I, Horton V, et al. UKPDS25: autoantibodies to islet-cell cytoplasm and glutamic acid decarboxylase for prediction of insulin requirement in type 2 diabetes: UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Lancet 1997;350:1288–1293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollo A, Hernandez M, Marsal JR, et al. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is perched between type 1 and type 2: evidence from adults in one region of Spain. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2013;29:446–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang G, Wang X, Li Z, et al. Insulin autoantibody could help to screen latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in phenotypic type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese. Acta Diabetol 2012;49:327–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maioli M, Pes GM, Delitala G, et al. Number of autoantibodies and HLA genotype, more than high titers of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies, predict insulin dependence in latent autoimmune diabetes of adults. Eur J Endocrinol 2010;163:541–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buzzetti R, Di Pietro S, Giaccari A, et al. High titer of autoantibodies to GAD identifies a specific phenotype of adult-onset autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes Care 2007;30:932–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Triolo TM, Armstrong TK, McFann K, et al. Additional autoimmune disease found in 33% of patients at type 1 diabetes onset. Diabetes Care 2011;34:1211–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zampetti S, Capizzi M, Spoletini M, et al. GADAb titer-related risk for organ-specific autoimmunity in LADA subjects subdivided according to gender (NIRAD study 6). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012;97:3759–3765.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delitala AP, Fanciulli G, Zoledziewska M, et al. Allelic variant in CTLA4 is associated with thyroid failure and faster β-cell exhaustion in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. J Diabetes 2015;7:68–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pes GM, Delitala AP, Errigo A, et al. Clustering of immunological, metabolic and genetic features in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: evidence from principal component analysis. Int Emerg Med 2015. doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1352-z
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delitala AP, Pilia MG, Ferreli L, et al. Prevalence of unknown thyroid disorders in a Sardinian cohort. Eur J Endocrinol 2014;171:143–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gambelunghe G, Forini F, Laureti S, et al. Increased risk for endocrine autoimmunity in Italian type 2 diabetic patients with GAD65 autoantibodies. Clin Endocrinol 2000;52:565–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Graaff LC, Smit JW, Radder JK. Prevalence and clinical significance of organ-specific autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Neth J Med 2007;65:235–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersson C, Larsson K, Vaziri-Sani F, et al. The three ZNT8 autoantibody variants together improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood and adolescent type 1 diabetes. Autoimmunity 2011;44:394–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørgjerd EP, Skorpen F, Kvaløy K, et al. Prevalence of ZnT8 antibody in relation to phenotype and SLC30A8 polymorphism in adult autoimmune diabetes: results from the HUNT study, Norway. Autoimmunity 2013;46:74–79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You S, Chatenoud L. Proinsulin: a unique autoantigen triggering autoimmune diabetes. J Clin Invest 2006;116:3108–3110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serreze DV, Fleming SA, Chapman HD, et al. B lymphocytes are critical antigen-presenting cells for the initiation of T cell-mediated autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 1998;161:3912–3918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reijonen H, Daniels TL, Lernmark A, Nepom GT. GAD65-specific autoantibodies enhance the presentation of an immunodominant T-cell epitope from GAD65. Diabetes 2000; 49:1621–1626.
   Google Scholar
• Tian J, Zekzer D, Lu Y, et al. B cells are crucial for determinant spreading of T cell autoimmunity among beta cell antigens in diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic mice. J Immunol 2006;176:2654–2661.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin P, Huang G, Lin J, et al. High titre of antiglutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody is a strong predictor of the development of thyroid autoimmunity in patients with type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2011;74:587–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bylund DJ, McHutchison J. Autoimmune liver diseases. Clin Lab Med 1997;17:483–497.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamagiwa S, Kamimura H, Takamura M, Aoyagi Y. Autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: recent progress in research on the pathogenetic and clinical significance. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:2606–2612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monteiro E, Menezes ML, Magalhães Ramalho P. Anti-reticulin antibodies: a diagnostic and monitoring test for childhood coeliac disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986;21:955–957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li QZ, Karp DR, Quan J, et al. Risk factors for ANA positivity in healthy persons. Arthritis Res Ther 2011;13:R38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar