How to overcome hurdles in opiate substitution treatment? A qualitative study with general practitioners in Belgium

References

• NICE. Drug misuse. Opioid detoxification. National clinical practice guideline number 52. London: National Collaboration Centre for Mental Health, 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Simoens S, Matheson C, Bond C, et al. The effectiveness of community maintenance with methadone or buprenorphine for treating opiate dependence. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55:139–146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelc I, Casselman J, Bergeret I, Corten P, et al. Substitutiebehandeling in België. Ontwikkelen van een model ter evaluatie van de verschillende types van voorzieningen en van de patiënten. Leuven: KU Leuven, 2003.
   Google Scholar
• Keen J, Oliver P, Mathers N. Methadone maintenance treatment can be provided in a primary care setting without increasing methadone-related mortality: The Sheffield experience 1997–2000. Br J Gen Pract. 2002;52:387–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keen J, Rowse G, Mathers N, et al. Can methadone maintenance for heroin-dependent patients retained in general practice reduce criminal conviction rates and time spent in prison? Br J Gen Pract. 2000;50:48–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keen J, Oliver P, Rowse G, et al. Does methadone maintenance treatment based on the new national guidelines work in a primary care setting? Br J Gen Pract. 2003;53:461–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang J, Hall W, Hickman M, et al. Impact of supervision of methadone consumption on deaths related to methadone overdose (1993–2008): Analyses using OD4 index in England and Scotland. Br Med J. 2010;341:c4851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strang J, Sheridan J, Hunt C, et al. The prescribing of methadone and other opioids to addicts: National survey of GPs in England and Wales. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55:444–451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matheson C, Pitcairn J, Bond CM, et al. General practice management of illicit drug users in Scotland: A national survey. Addiction. 2003;98:119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matheson C, Porteous T, van Teijlingen E, et al. Management of drug misuse: An 8-year follow-up survey of Scottish GPs. Br J Gen Pract. 2010;60:517–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelet A, Besson J, Pecoud A, et al. Difficulties associated with outpatient management of drug abusers by general practitioners. A cross-sectional survey of general practitioners with and without methadone patients in Switzerland. BMC Fam Pract. 2005;6:51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drug treatment overview for Belgium Lisbon [Internet]. Belguim: European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA); 2015 [cited 2015 Sep 24]. Available from: http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/data/treatment-overviews/Belgium
   Google Scholar
• Tieberghien J, Decorte T. Antwerpse Drug- en Alcoholmonitor. Een lokale drugscene in beeld. Leuven/Voorburg: Acco; 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Ort C, van Nuijs AL, Berset JD, et al. Spatial differences and temporal changes in illicit drug use in Europe quantified by wastewater analysis. Addiction. 2014.
   Google Scholar
• SODA. Antwerp drug policy plan 2009–2012. Antwerp: Stedelijk Overleg Drugs Antwerpen, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Annual Report 2013. Antwerp, Belgium: Free Clinic vzw, 2014.
   Google Scholar
• DH. Drug misuse and dependence. UK guidelines on clinical management. London: Department of Health (England), the Scottish Government, Welsh Assembly Government and Northern Ireland Executive, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Federale overheidsdienst volksgezondheid, veiligheid van de voedselketen en leefmilieu. Koninklijk besluit tot wijziging van het koninklijk besluit van 19 maart 2004 tot reglementering van de behandeling met vervangingsmiddelen. 6 oktober 2006, publicatie Belgisch Staatsblad: 21/11/2006.
   Google Scholar
• Longman C, Lintzeris N, Temple-Smith M, et al. Methadone and buprenorphine prescribing patterns of Victorian general practitioners: Their first 5 years after authorisation. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2011;30:355–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schulte B, Schmidt CS, Kuhnigk O, et al. Structural barriers in the context of opiate substitution treatment in Germany—a survey among physicians in primary care. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2013;8:26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scarborough J, Eliott J, Braunack-Mayer A. Opioid substitution therapy—a study of GP participation in prescribing. Aust Fam Physician. 2011;40:241–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelc I. Advice from the High Council of Health. Advice concerning substitution treatment in opiate users. Brussels: High Council of Health; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Charmaz K. Constructing grounded theory. Cornwall: SAGE Publications; 2006. p. 208.
   Google Scholar
• Watling CJ, Lingard L. Grounded theory in medical education research: AMEE guide no. 70. Med Teach. 2012;34:850–861.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fraeyman J, Anthierens S, Peremans L, et al. Het gebruik van diagrammen tijdens de data-analyse. KWALON. 2014;19:83–91.
   Google Scholar
• Ketterer F, Symons L, Lambrechts MC, et al. What factors determine Belgian general practitioners’ approaches to detecting and managing substance abuse? A qualitative study based on the I-Change Model. BMC Fam Pract. 2014;15:119.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langton D, Hickey A, Bury G, et al. Methadone maintenance in general practice: Impact on staff attitudes. Ir J Med Sci. 2000;169:133–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKeown A, Matheson C, Bond C. A qualitative study of GPs attitudes to drug misusers and drug misuse services in primary care. Fam Pract. 2003;20:120–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGillion J, Wanigaratne S, Feinmann C, et al. GPs attitudes towards treatment of drug misusers. Br J Gen Pract. 2000;50:385–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frei M. Opioid dependence—management in general practice. Aust Fam Physician. 2010;39:548–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberfroid D, Stordeur S, Camberlin C, et al. Het aanbod van artsen in België: huidige toestand en uitdagingen. Health Services Research (HSR). Brussel: Federaal Kenniscentrum voor de Gezondheidszorg (KCE); 2008.
   Google Scholar
• Longman C, Temple-Smith M, Gilchrist G, et al. Temple-Smith M, Gilchrist G, et al. Reluctant to train, reluctant to prescribe: Barriers to general practitioner prescribing of opioid substitution therapy. Aust J Prim Health. 2012;18:346–51.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Hout M-C, Bingham T. A qualitative study of prescribing doctor experiences of methadone maintenance treatment. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2014;12:227–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar