Diabetic retinopathy: Validation study of ALR2, RAGE, iNOS and TNFB gene variants in a south Indian cohort

REFERENCES

• Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, et al. Global prevalence of diabetes. estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004;27:5.
   Google Scholar
• Brownlee M. Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications. Nature 2001;414:813–820.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah VO, Scavini M, Nikolic J, et al. Z22 microsatellite allele is linked to increased expression of the aldose reductase gene in diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998;83:2886–2891.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ikegishi Y, Tawata M, Aida K, et al.Z-4 allele upstream of the aldose reductase gene is associated with proliferative retinopathy in Japanese patients with NIDDM, and elevated luciferase gene transcription in vitro. Life Sci. 1999;65(20):2061–70.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zheng L, Du Y, Miller C, et al. Critical role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in degeneration of retinal capillaries in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia, 2007;50:1987–1996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krady JK, Basu A, Allen CM, et al. Minocycline reduces proinflammatory cytokine expression, microglial activation, and caspase-3 activation in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2005;54:1559–1565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumaramanickavel G, Sripriya S, Ramprasad VL, et al. Z-2 aldose reductase allele and diabetic retinopathy in India. Ophthalmic Genet. 2003;24(1):41–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumaramanickavel G, Ramprasad VL, Sripriya S, et al. Association of Gly82Ser polymorphism in the RAGE gene with diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic Asian Indian patients. J Diabetes Complications. 2002;16(6):391–4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumaramanickavel G, Sripriya S, Vellanki RN, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and diabetic retinopathy in Asian Indian patients Clinical Genetics 2002;61(5):344–8.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kumaramanickavel G, Sripriya S, Vellanki RN, et al. Tumor necrosis factor allelic polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in India. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2001;54(2):89–94.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uthra S, Raman R, Mukesh BN, et al. Intron 4 VNTR of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 patients in southern India. Ophthalmic Genet 2007;28(2):77–81.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uthra S, Raman R, Mukesh BN, et al. Diabetic retinopathy and IGF-1 gene polymorphic cytosine-adenine repeats in a southern Indian cohort. Ophthalmic Res 2007;39(5):294–299.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Uthra S, Raman R, Mukesh BN, et al. Association of VEGF gene polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy in a south Indian cohort. Ophthalmic Genet. 2008;29(1):11–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rani PK, Raman R, Agarwal S, et al. Diabetic retinopathy screening model for rural population: awareness and screening methodology. Rural Remote Health. 2005;5(4):350.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agarwal S, Raman R, Paul PG, et al. Sankara Nethralaya-Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetic Study (SN-DREAMS 1): Study design and research methodology. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2005;12(2):143–53.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Klein R, Klein BEK, Magli YL, et al. An alternative method of grading diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology 1986;93:1183–1187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Medical Organization. Declaration of Helsinki. Br Med J. 1996; 313(7070):1448–1449.
   Google Scholar
• Wolff R, Gemmil R. Purifying and analyzing genomic DNA. Bruce B, Green, P. Hieter, S. Klaplholz, R.M. Meyers, H. Riethman, J. Roskans, (eds): Genome analysis A laboratory manual. vol 4. New York. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1998);1–82.
   Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya N, Wang L, Horikawa Y, et al. CA repeat polymorphism in the insulin-like growth factor-I gene is associated with increased risk of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int J Oncology 2005;26:225–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demaine A, Cross D, Millward A. Polymorphisms of the aldose reductase gene and susceptibility to retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:4064–4068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Ng MC, Lee SC, et al. Phenotypic heterogeneity and associations of two aldose reductase gene polymorphisms with nephropathy and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(8):2410–5.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lajer M, Tarnow L, Flecknert J, et al. Association of aldose reductase gene Z+2 polymorphism with reduced susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Caucasian Type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetic Medicine, 2004;21(8):867–873.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Richeti F, Noronha RM, Waetge RT, et al. Evaluation of AC(n) and C(-106)T polymorphisms of the aldose reductase gene in Brazilian patients with DM1 and susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy. Mol Vis. 2007 23;13:740–5.
   Google Scholar
• Yang B, Millward A, Demaine A. Functional differences between the susceptibility Z-2/C-106 and protective Z+2/T-106 promoter region polymorphisms of the aldose reductase gene may account for the association with diabetic microvascular complications. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003;1639:1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kankova K, Vasku A, Hajek D, et al. Association of G82S polymorphism in the RAGE gene with skin complications in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22(10):1745.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kankova K, Zahejsky J, Marova I, et al. Polymorphisms in the RAGE gene influence susceptibility to diabetes-associated microvascular dermatoses in NIDDM. J Diabetes Complications 2001;15(4):185–92.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prevost G, Fajardy I, Besmond C, et al. Polymorphisms of the receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) and the development of nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab 2005;31(1):35–9.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ramprasad S, Radha V, Mathias RA, et al. RAGE gene promoter polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy in a clinic-based population from South India. Eye 2007;21(3):395–401.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kaise M, Miwa J, Suzuki N, et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase gene promoter polymorphism is associated with increased gastric mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased risk of gastric carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;19(2):139–45.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hawrami K, Hitman GA, Rema M, et al. An association in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects between susceptibility to retinopathy and tumor necrosis factor polymorphism. Hum Immunol 1996;46(1):49–54.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ioannidis JPA, Trikalinos TA, Khoury MJ. Implications of small effect sizes of individual genetic variants on the design and interpretation of genetic association studies of complex diseases. Am J Epidemiol 2006;164:609–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar