Single-pill combinations: a therapeutic option or necessity for vascular risk treatment?

References

• Axthelm C, Sieder C, Meister F, et al. Aliskiren/amlodipine as single pill combination in hypertensive patients: subgroup analysis of patients at high age, with metabolic risk factors or high body mass index. J Drug Assess 2013;2:1-10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pfeiffer D, Rennie N, Papst CC, Zhang J. Efficacy and tolerability of aliskiren/amlodipine single-pill combinations in patients who did not respond fully to amlodipine monotherapy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012;10:773-80
   Google Scholar
• Glorioso N, Thomas M, Troffa C, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of aliskiren/amlodipine single-pill combinations in patients with an inadequate response to aliskiren monotherapy. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012;10:748-55
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katsiki N, Athyros VG, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Editorial: aliskiren/amlodipine single-pill combinations: more evidence in favour of combination formulations for the treatment of hypertension. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2012;10:745-7
   Google Scholar
• Hartley CJ, Naghavi M, Parodi O, et al. Cardiovascular health informatics: risk screening and intervention. IEEE TransInf Technol Biomed 2012;16:791-4
   Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Laurent S, Agabiti-Rosei E, et al. Reappraisal of European guidelines on hypertension management: a European Society of Hypertension Task Force document. J Hypertens 2009;27:2121-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Düsing R. Optimizing blood pressure control through the use of fixed combinations. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2010;6:321-5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Düsing R. Valsartan/amlodipine single pill combination for the treatment of hypertension. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2010;3:739-46
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de la Sierra A, Volpe M. Olmesartan-based therapies: an effective way to improve blood pressure control and cardiovascular protection. J Hypertens 2013;31(Suppl 1):S13-17
   Google Scholar
• Ley L, Schumacher H. Telmisartan plus amlodipine single-pill combination for the management of hypertensive patients with a metabolic risk profile (added-risk patients). Curr Med Res Opin 2013;29:41-53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruilope LM, Schumacher H. Telmisartan 80 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg single-pill combination in the treatment of hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:2417-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miyagawa S, Yamada H, Matsubara H. Long-term antihypertensive efficacy of losartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination therapy on home blood pressure control. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012;34:439-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong BK, Park CG, Kim KS, et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose amlodipine/losartan and losartan in hypertensive patients inadequately controlled with losartan: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012;12:189-95
   Google Scholar
• Bobrie G; I-ADD Study Investigators. I-ADD study: assessment of efficacy and safety profile of irbesartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination therapy compared with irbesartan monotherapy in hypertensive patients uncontrolled with irbesartan 150 mg monotherapy: a multicenter, phase III, prospective, randomized, open-label with blinded-end point evaluation study. Clin Ther 2012;34:1720-34
   Google Scholar
• Bobrie G; I-COMBINE Study Investigators. I-COMBINE study: assessment of efficacy and safety profile of irbesartan/amlodipine fixed-dose combination therapy compared with amlodipine monotherapy in hypertensive patients uncontrolled with amlodipine 5 mg monotherapy: a multicenter, phase III, prospective, randomized, open-label with blinded-end point evaluation study. Clin Ther 2012;34:1705-19
   Google Scholar
• Neutel JM, Franklin SS, Bhaumik A, et al. Safety and tolerability of fixed-dose irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide for rapid control of severe hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009;31:572-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mugellini A, Nieswandt V. Candesartan plus hydrochlorothiazide: an overview of its use and efficacy. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:2699-709
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasuno S, Fujimoto A, Nakagawa Y, et al. Fixed-dose combination therapy of candesartan cilexetil and amlodipine besilate for the treatment of hypertension in Japan. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012;10:577-83
   Google Scholar
• Yan JH, Jarugula V, Sabo R, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aliskiren/hydrochlorothiazide single-pill combination tablets and free combination of aliskiren and hydrochlorothiazide. J Clin Pharmacol 2012;52:645-55
   Google Scholar
• Mourad JJ. Which patients benefit the most from the perindopril/amlodipine combination. J Hypertens 2011;29 Suppl 1:S23-8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghiadoni L. Management of high blood pressure in type 2 diabetes: perindopril/indapamide fixed-dose combination and the ADVANCE trial [corrected]. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11:1647-57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, et al; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007;370:829-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakris GL, Sarafidis PA, Weir MR, et al; ACCOMPLISH Trial investigators. Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010;375:1173-81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacourcière Y, Wright JT Jr, Samuel R, et al; EVALUATE study. Effects of force-titrated valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide versus amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide on ambulatory blood pressure in patients with stage 2 hypertension: the EVALUATE study. Blood Press Monit 2009;14:112-20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• , ONTARGET InvestigatorsYusuf S, Teo KK, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1547-59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mann JF, Anderson C, Gao P, et al; ONTARGET investigators. Dual inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in high-risk diabetes and risk for stroke and other outcomes: results of the ONTARGET trial. J Hypertens 2013;31:414-21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parving HH, Brenner BM, McMurray JJ, et al. Aliskiren Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Using Cardio-Renal Endpoints (ALTITUDE): rationale and study design. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2009;24:1663-71
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray JJ, Abraham WT, Dickstein K, et al. Aliskiren, ALTITUDE, and the implications for ATMOSPHERE. Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14:341-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krum H, Massie B, Abraham WT, et al; ATMOSPHERE Investigators. Direct renin inhibition in addition to or as an alternative to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: rationale and design of the Aliskiren Trial to Minimize OutcomeS in Patients with HEart failuRE (ATMOSPHERE) study. Eur J Heart Fail 2011;13:107-114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gheorghiade M, Albaghdadi M, Zannad F, et al; ASTRONAUT investigators and study coordinators. Rationale and design of the multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT). Eur J Heart Fail 2011;13:100-10
   Google Scholar
• Riva N, Lip GY. Which is the optimal antihypertensive combination in different diseases, a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor with a diuretic or with a calcium channel blocker? Curr Pharm Des 2012. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Chrysant SG. Triple-drug, fixed-dose combinations for the treatment of hypertension: focus on olmesartan/amlodipine/hydrochlorothiazide combination. Drugs Today (Barc) 2011;47:197-206
   Google Scholar
• Huan Y, Townsend R. The single pill triple combination of aliskiren, amlodipine, and hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:2409-15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Volpe M, Tocci G. Rationale for triple fixed-dose combination therapy with an angiotensin II receptor blocker, a calcium channel blocker, and a thiazide diuretic. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2012;8:371-80
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Panjabi S, Lacey M, Bancroft T, Cao F. Treatment adherence, clinical outcomes, and economics of triple-drug therapy in hypertensive patients. J Am Soc Hypertens 2013;7:46-60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daskalopoulou SS, Mikhailidis DP. Ezetimibe/simvastatin single tablet versus rosuvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:2037-9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tziomalos K, Athyros VG, Karagiannis A, et al. Management of statin-intolerant high-risk patients. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2010;8:632-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazi IF, Daskalopoulou SS, Nair DR, et al. Effect of ezetimibe in patients who cannot tolerate statins or cannot get to the low density lipoprotein cholesterol target despite taking a statin. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:2183-92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson MH, Rooney MW, Drucker J, et al; LCP-AtorFen Investigators. Efficacy and tolerability of atorvastatin/fenofibrate fixed-dose combination tablet compared with atorvastatin and fenofibrate monotherapies in patients with dyslipidemia: a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 2009;31:2824-38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farnier M. Pravastatin and fenofibrate in combination (Pravafenix®) for the treatment of high-risk patients with mixed hyperlipidemia. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012;10:565-75
   Google Scholar
• Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Fenofibrate plus simvastatin (fixed-dose combination) for the treatment of dyslipidaemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011;12:1945-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, et al. Statin-fibrate combination for mixed dyslipidaemia: a limited option? Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:2137-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wierzbicki AS, Clarke RE, Viljoen A, et al. Triglycerides: a case for treatment? Curr Opin Cardiol 2012;27:398-404
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Karagiannis A, et al. Dyslipidaemia of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: the case for residual risk reduction after statin treatment. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011;5:24-34
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Florentin M, Liberopoulos EN, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Emerging options in the treatment of dyslipidemias: a bright future? Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2011;16:247-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kandhwal K, Dey S, Nazarudheen S, et al. Pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose combination of atorvastatin and metformin extended release versus concurrent administration of individual formulations: a randomized, open-label, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, single-dose, crossover, bioequivalence study. Clin Drug Investig 2011;31:853-63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of atorvastatin and sitagliptin in combination for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2012;8:745-58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran MP. Amlodipine/Atorvastatin: a review of its use in the treatment of hypertension and dyslipidaemia and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Drugs 2010;70:191-213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson JG. Management of complex lipid abnormalities with a fixed dose combination of simvastatin and extended release niacin. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009;5:31-43
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sharma M, Sharma DR, Singh V, et al. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of fixed dose lovastatin and niacin (ER) combination in Asian Indian dyslipidemic patients: a multicentric study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2006;2:87-93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Athyros VG, Tziomalos K, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Do we need a statin-nicotinic acid-aspirin mini-polypill to treat combined hyperlipidaemia? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2007;8:2267-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chwieduk CM. Sitagliptin/metformin fixed-dose combination: in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2011;71:349-61
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guarino E, Nigi L, Patti A, et al. Combination therapy with metformin plus vildagliptin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:1377-84
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheen AJ. Metformin + saxagliptin for type 2 diabetes. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:139-46
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim KP, Lim KS, Kim BH, et al. Pharmacokinetics of a fixed-dose glimepiride/sustained-release metformin combination. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2012;50:142-9
   Google Scholar
• Barner JC. Adherence to oral antidiabetic agents with pioglitazone and metformin: comparison of fixed-dose combination therapy with monotherapy and loose-dose combination therapy. Clin Ther 2011;33:1281-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoelscher D, Chu PL, Lyness W. Fixed-dose combination tablet of repaglinide and metformin is bioequivalent to concomitantly administered individual tablets of repaglinide and metformin: randomized, single-blind, three-period crossover study in healthy subjects. Clin Drug Investig 2008;28:573-82
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bailey CJ, Green BD, Flatt PR. Fixed-dose combination therapy for type 2 diabetes: sitagliptin plus pioglitazone. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010;19:1017-25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue M. Tighter control of postprandial hyperglycemia with mitiglinide/voglibose fixed-dose combination in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012;13:2257-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchins V, Zhang B, Fleurence RL, et al. A systematic review of adherence, treatment satisfaction and costs, in fixed-dose combination regimens in type 2 diabetes. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27:1157-68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell DS. Combine and conquer: advantages and disadvantages of fixed-dose combination therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013;15:291-300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benford M, Milligan G, Pike J, et al. Fixed-dose combination antidiabetic therapy: real-world factors associated with prescribing choices and relationship with patient satisfaction and compliance. Adv Ther 2012;29:26-40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenz Tl, Hilleman DE. Aggrenox: a fixed-dose combination of ASA and dipyridamole. Ann Pharmacother 2000;34:1283-290
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crown N, Mysak T. Safety of fixed-dose aspirin-extended-release dipyridamole in patients with ischemic heart disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010;67:728-33
   Google Scholar
• Bollati M, Gaita F, Anselmino M. Antiplatelet combinations for prevention of atherothrombotic events. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2011;7:23-30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Varenhorst C, James S. Which antiplatelet agent for whom? Which patient populations benefit most from novel antiplatelet agents (ticagrelor, prasugrel)? Curr Cardiol Rep 2012;14:486-92
   Google Scholar
• Kowalczyk M, Banach M, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Ticagrelor—a new platelet aggregation inhibitor in patients with acute coronary syndromes. An improvement of other inhibitors? Med Sci Monit 2009;15:MS24-30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kei AA, Florentin M, Mikhailidis DP, et al. Review: Antiplatelet drugs: what comes next? Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2011;17:9-26
   Google Scholar
• Burness CB, Scott LJ. Acetylsalicylic acid/esomeprazole fixed-dose combination. Drugs Aging 2012;29:233-42
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li-Saw-Hee FL, Blann AD, Lip GY. Effects of fixed low-dose warfarin, aspirin-warfarin combination therapy, and dose-adjusted warfarin on thrombogenesis in chronic atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2000;31:828-33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skanes AC, Healey JS, Cairns JA, et al. Canadian Cardiovascular Society Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines Committee. Focused 2012 update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society atrial fibrillation guidelines: recommendations for stroke prevention and rate/rhythm control. Can J Cardiol 2012;28:125-36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirchhof P, Curtis AB, Skanes AC, et al. Atrial fibrillation guidelines across the Atlantic: a comparison of the current recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology/European Heart Rhythm Association/European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgeons, the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association/Heart Rhythm Society, and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Eur Heart J. 2013 Jan 25. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Angeli F, Reboldi G, Mazzotta G, et al. Fixed-dose combination therapy in hypertension: cons. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2012;19:51-4
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen C, Cheng-Lai A. The polypill: a potential global solution to cardiovascular disease. Cardiol Rev 2013;21:49-54
   Google Scholar
• Wald DS, Morris JK, Wald NJ. Randomized Polypill crossover trial in people aged 50 and over. PLoS One 2012;7:e41297
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elley CR, Gupta AK, Webster R, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of ‘polypills': meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. PLoS One 2012;7:e52145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey KM, Comee MR, Donovan JL, et al. A polypill for all? Critical review of the polypill literature for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Ann Pharmacother 2012;46:688-95
   Google Scholar
• Muntner P, Mann D, Wildman RP, et al. Projected impact of polypill use among US adults: medication use, cardiovascular risk reduction, and side effects. Am Heart J 2011;161:719-25
   Google Scholar
• Mayor S. Four in one polypill halves predicted cardiovascular risk, international study shows. BMJ 2011;342:d3355
   Google Scholar
• Zeymer U, Jünger C, Zahn R, et al. Effects of a secondary prevention combination therapy with an aspirin, an ACE inhibitor and a statin on 1-year mortality of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with a beta-blocker. Support for a polypill approach. Curr Med Res Opin 2011;27:1563-70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bautista LE, Vera-Cala LM, Ferrante D, et al. A ‘polypill' aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease could prove highly cost-effective for use in Latin America. Health Aff (Millwood) 2013;32:155-64
   Google Scholar
• van Gils PF, Over EA, Hamberg-van Reenen HH, et al. The polypill in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: cost-effectiveness in the Dutch population. BMJ Open 2011;1:e000363
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• PILL Collaborative Group, Rodgers A, Patel A, et al. An international randomised placebo-controlled trial of a four-component combination pill (“polypill”) in people with raised cardiovascular risk. PLoS One 2011;6:e19857
   Google Scholar
• Lafeber M, Grobbee DE, Bots ML, et al. The Evening versus Morning Polypill Utilization Study: the TEMPUS rationale and design. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Lafeber M, Spiering W, Singh K, et al; SPACE collaboration. The cardiovascular polypill in high-risk patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012;19:1234-42
   Google Scholar
• Thom S, Field J, Poulter N, et al. Use of a Multidrug Pill In Reducing cardiovascular Events (UMPIRE): rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial of a cardiovascular preventive polypill-based strategy in India and Europe. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012 Oct 4. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar