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ABSTRACT
Acid- and rennet-induced gelation properties of milk with modified casein micelles, produced by partial renneting at 4oC for 15 min, followed by inactivation of enzymes by heat at 60oC/3 min (referred as low heat treatment milk) and 85oC/30 min (high heat treatment milk), were investigated to provide a mechanistic understanding of gel formation from partially renneted milk. Acidification of low heat treatment milk gave firmer gel quality, this was reflected by its high elastic modulus (G′) and hardness. In addition, the high heating condition for enzyme inactivation of high heat treatment milk alone increased the elastic modulus of both the control and renneted milk samples. Gel development of the two milk types (low heat treatment and high heat treatment milks) was different. In contrast with acid gelation, rennet-induced gelation of partially pre-rennet treated milk had no impact on the elastic modulus of low heat treatment milk and the rennet gels were very weak. Similarly, the addition of rennet to pre-rennet treated high heat treatment milk did not produce “true gels,” most likely due to the effect of the heat treatment on impairing the rennet coagulation. The findings in this study confirmed that pre-rennet treated milk had positive effects on the end-product acid gels of low heat treatment and high heat treatment milk.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Dr John M. Schiller (Honorary Senior Fellow, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland), for his assistance in the proofreading of this manuscript.
Funding
The authors would like to thank Dairy Innovation Australia Ltd. (DIAL) for the financial support provided to undertake this research, DIKTI for the financial support granted to Hotnida Sinaga during her study.