Viburnum mullaha D. DON fruit (Indian cranberry): A potential source of polyphenol with rich antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities

ABSTRACT

Viburnum mullaha (Buch.-Ham. Ex D. Don), is an underexplored wild edible fruit of Indian Himalayan region, analyzed for total polyphenol contents, antioxidant, anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities using in vitro assays. High values of total phenolic contents of 1257 ± 40 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g fruit weight and total flavonoid contents of 3501 ± 203 mg catechin equivalents/100 g fruit weight were observed. V. mullaha fruit extracts showed outstanding antioxidant activities (ABTS⁺, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide anion, linoleate peroxyl radicals scavenging, and ferric reducing activities) and remarkable anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activities. High resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis revealed presence of 15 phenolic compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, acetyl salicylic acid, dihydrorobinetin, dihydromyricetin, 2-isoprenylemodin, rutin, cosmosiin hexaacetate, pectolinarin, dihydroquercetin, eriodictyol, iriginol hexaacetate, theaflavin, epicatechin-pentaacetate, lomatin, and peucenin in fruit extracts. This study recommends utilization of V. mullaha fruit as functional food with prospective pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical properties.

KEYWORDS:

• Antioxidant
• Anti-elastase
• Anti-collagenase
• Anti-tyrosinase
• Polyphenols
• Wild-edible fruits of Himalaya

Acknowledgments

We are highly obliged to Dr. Partha Roy, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India, for providing instrumentation facility for anti-elastase, anti-collagenase, and anti-tyrosinase activity analysis. Authors also acknowledge the SAIF, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, for the timely completions of HR-LC-MS analysis of fruit extracts samples.

Declaration of conflict

The authors declare there is no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Funding

The authors are grateful for financial support of this study which was provided in part by the Uttarakhand State Biotechnology Programme, Uttarakhand, India (USBD 06/Guard-7/K.Dangwal/R&D Project/Rishikesh/2012) and Modern Institute of Technology, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.