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Articles

Procesamiento en seco de harina de chía (Salvia hispanica L.): caracterización química de fibra y proteína
Dry processing of chía (Salvia hispanica L.) flour: chemical characterization of fiber and protein

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Pages 117-127 | Received 18 Feb 2009, Accepted 30 Jul 2009, Published online: 08 Jul 2010
 

Abstract

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) was a major crop for ancient Mesoamerican cultures. Defatted chia has fiber and protein contents similar to those of other oilseeds currently used in the food industry. A characterization is done of fiber- and protein-rich fractions extracted from defatted chia flour by dry fractionation. Split chia seeds were defatted with hexane, milled to produce a meal and fractionated. Milling efficiency was 968 g/kg. A 100-mesh Tyler-type screen was used to separate the high fiber-content fraction (which is caught in the screen) from the high protein-content fraction (which passes through). The fiber-rich fraction (FRF) had 295.6 g/kg crude fiber content and 564.6 g/kg total dietary fiber (TDF) content, of which 534.5 g/kg was insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) and 30.1 g/kg was soluble dietary fiber (SDF). The protein-rich fraction (PRF) contained 446.2 g/kg crude protein, consisting mainly of globulins (64.86%) and glutelins (20.21%). Its in vitro digestibility was 77.53%. The PRF amino acid profile showed high levels of essential sulfur amino acids and non-essential amino acids, and deficient levels of tryptophan and lysine.

La chía (Salvia hispánica L.) fue uno de los cultivos más importantes en los pueblos Azteca y Maya antes de la conquista. El objetivo del trabajo fue obtener y caracterizar las fracciones ricas en fibra y proteína de la harina desgrasada de chía (Salvia hispanica L.) utilizando un procesamiento por vía seca. La harina fue fraccionada obteniéndose una eficiencia de 968 g/kg y el proceso indicó el uso de un tamiz de malla 100 (140 μm) para la separación de dos fracciones: aquella que no atravesó que se caracterizó por ser rica en fibra (FRF), y la fracción cribada por ser rica en proteína (FRP). La FRF presentó un contenido de fibra dietética total (FDT) de 564,6 g/kg, compuesta en su mayoría por fibra dietética insoluble (FDI) con 534,5 g/kg y un contenido de 30,1 g/kg de fibra dietética soluble (FDS). En la FRP se obtuvo 446,2 g/kg de proteína cruda, constituida por globulinas (64,86%) y glutelinas (20,21%), principalmente. La digestibilidad in vitro fue de 77,53% y el análisis de aminoácidos indicó un elevado contenido de aminoácidos esenciales azufrados y no esenciales ácidos, pero un deficiente contenido en triptofano y lisina.

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