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Review Article

A Review on Seaweeds and Seaweed-Derived Polysaccharides: Nutrition, Chemistry, Bioactivities, and Applications

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ABSTRACT

In recent studies, marine macroalgae (seaweeds) have been highlighted as excellent sources of acquiring many bioactive polymers and metabolites with vast chemical and biological values, which has attracted increasing research interests in seaweeds. Among a diversity of seaweed-derived bioactive constituents, polysaccharides have been affirmed to possess an extensive array of bioactivities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to the exhibition of these bioactivities, seaweed polysaccharides have been promised great application potential in food, feed, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries. As discovered, these bioactivities were mainly contributed by the complex polymeric structural features and chemical compositions of seaweed-derived polysaccharides and were highly associated with the extraction methods. This study has comprehensively reviewed the current and prospective applications of seaweeds and their polysaccharides from nutritional and bioactive perspectives, with further shedding light on the insight into the structure-bioactivity relationship of seaweed-derived polysaccharides.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank “The Future Food Hallmark Research Initiative” at the University of Melbourne, Australia. We would like to thank the Honours/Master/PhD and Postdoc researchers of the Dr Hafiz Suleria group from the School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, the University of Melbourne for their incredible support.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Funding

The work was supported by the Australian Research Council [Discovery Early Career Award ARC-DECRA-DE220100055]; InnoVactiv Inc., Rimouski, QC, Canada [Project ID: 302611]; University of Melbourne [Collaborative Research Development Grant UoM-21/23]