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Original Articles

Psicología Evolucionista del Desarrollo: contemplando la ontogénesis humana desde los ojos del evolucionismo

Evolutionary Developmental Psychology: Viewing human ontogeny through the eyes of evolutionary theory

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Pages 267-285 | Received 01 Jan 2003, Accepted 01 Apr 2003, Published online: 23 Jan 2014
 

Resumen

La influencia de la teoría evolucionista en la ciencia y el pensamiento humano ha sido constante desde que fuera formulada por primera vez a mediados del siglo XIX, y la psicología no ha sido inmune a dicha influencia. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de los enfoques evolucionistas se han centrado tradicionalmente en el estudio del comportamiento adulto, obviando los procesos ontogenéticos del comportamiento. En este artículo, se presenta una nueva aproximación al estudio evolucionista del comportamiento, llamada Psicología Evolucionista del Desarrollo (PED), que se ocupa de los sistemas psicológicos que son objeto de desarrollo humano. Básicamente, la PED propone un modelo evolutivo de cómo los mecanismos psicológicos evolucionados se acaban expresando, y asume que la selección natural darwiniana actúa sobre los organismos inmaduros no sólo en términos de ejercitación de adaptaciones para la vida adulta (adaptaciones diferidas), sino también sobre comportamientos que están especialmente bien adaptados para un determinado período evolutivo (adaptaciones ontogenéticas). En este sentido, creemos que la PED puede servir simultáneamente como una metateoría de corte evolucionista para la psicología evolutiva contemporánea, y como una fuente potencialmenterica de hipótesis, investigaciones e interpretaciones sobre cuestiones evolutivas

Abstract

The influence of evolutionary theory in science and human thinking has been pervasive since it was first well-formulated at the middle of the 19th century, and psychology has not been immune to this influence. However, most evolutionary approaches have focused on the study of adult behaviors and have overlooked the processes of ontogenetic emergence of behavior. In this article we argue for a new approach to the evolutionary study of behavior, called Evolutionary Developmental Psychology (EDP), that focuses on the psychological systems inherent in human development. Basically, EDP provides a developmental model for how evolved psychological mechanisms become expressed, and assumes that Darwinian natural selection acts on immature organisms not just to prepare them for life as an adult (deferred adaptations), but also on behaviors that are specially adapted to developmental time periods (ontogenetic adaptations). Accordingly, we believe that EDP can serve both as an evolutionarily based metatheory for contemporary developmental psychology, and also as a potentially rich source of hypotheses, research, and interpretations of developmental issues

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