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Abstract
Objective: This study is the second of a two-part investigation on lexical effects on bilinguals’ performance on a clinical English word recognition test. Focus is on word-frequency effects using counts provided by four corpora. Design: Frequency of occurrence was obtained for 200 NU-6 words from the Hoosier mental lexicon (HML) and three contemporary corpora, American National Corpora, Hyperspace analogue to language (HAL), and SUBTLEXUS. Correlation analysis was performed between word frequency and error rate. Study sample: Ten monolinguals and 30 bilinguals participated. Bilinguals were further grouped according to their age of English acquisition and length of schooling/working in English. Results: Word frequency significantly affected word recognition in bilinguals who acquired English late and had limited schooling/working in English. When making errors, bilinguals tended to replace the target word with a word of a higher frequency. Overall, the newer corpora outperformed the HML in predicting error rate. Conclusions: Frequency counts provided by contemporary corpora predict bilinguals’ recognition of English monosyllabic words. Word frequency also helps explain top replacement words for misrecognized targets. Word-frequency effects are especially prominent for bilinguals foreign born and educated.
Acknowledgements
The author would like to thank all the participants in this study. He would also like to thank Dr. Howard Nusbaum for providing the Hoosier Mental Lexicon and Drs. Richard Wilson and Rachel McArdle for providing the speech stimuli.
Declaration of interest: The author reports no conflicts of interest
Supplementary material available online
Supplementary Appendix 1 and 2 to be found at online http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/14992027.2015.1030509