Advanced search
Publication Cover
Current Eye Research Volume 21, 2000 - Issue 2
Submit an article Journal homepage
122
Views
81
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

VEGF-A induced hyperpermeability of blood-retinal barrier endothelium in vivo is predominantly associated with pinocytotic vesicular transport and not with formation of fenestrations

Pim Hofman Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Morphology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Harriet G.T. Blaauwgeers Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Morphology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Michael J. Tolentino Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Morphology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Anthony P. Adamis Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Morphology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Bob J. Nunes Cardozo Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Morphology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
,
Gijs F.J.M. Vrensen Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Morphology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
&
Reinier O. Schlingemann Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA, Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Department of Morphology, The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
 show all
Pages 637-645 | Published online: 02 Jul 2009

Citations (81)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (5)

Alessandro Arrigo, Emanuela Aragona & Francesco Bandello. (2022) VEGF-targeting drugs for the treatment of retinal neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy. Annals of Medicine 54:1, pages 1089-1111.
Read now
Michael J. Tolentino & Andrew J. Tolentino. (2019) Challenges of selecting pharmacotherapy for macular edema the need for better and combination therapies. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 20:4, pages 373-377.
Read now
Michael Steven Tolentino, Andrew John Tolentino & Michael John Tolentino. (2016) Current and investigational drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 25:9, pages 1011-1022.
Read now
Andrew A Moshfeghi & Carmen A Puliafito. (2005) Pegaptanib sodium for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 14:5, pages 671-682.
Read now
A.N. Witmer, J. van den Born, G.F.J.M. Vrensen & R.O. Schlingemann. (2001) Vascular localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in retinas of patients with diabetes mellitus and in VEGF-induced retinopathy using domain-specific antibodies. Current Eye Research 22:3, pages 190-197.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (76)

Esmeralda K. Bosma, Shahan Darwesh, Yasmin I. Habani, Maxime Cammeraat, Paola Serrano Martinez, Mathilda E. van Breest Smallenburg, Jia Y. Zheng, Ilse M. C. Vogels, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Reinier O. Schlingemann & Ingeborg Klaassen. (2023) Differential roles of eNOS in late effects of VEGF-A on hyperpermeability in different types of endothelial cells. Scientific Reports 13:1.
Crossref
Lea Denzer, Walter Muranyi, Horst Schroten & Christian Schwerk. (2023) The role of PLVAP in endothelial cells. Cell and Tissue Research 392:2, pages 393-412.
Crossref
Fionn O’Leary & Matthew Campbell. (2021) The blood–retina barrier in health and disease. The FEBS Journal 290:4, pages 878-891.
Crossref
ShikhaT Bassi, Shebin Salim & Ekta Rishi. (2023) Clinical outcomes and associated risk factors of cataract surgeries in patients with diabetic macular edema: A real-world study. Nigerian Journal of Vitreoretinal Diseases 6:1, pages 11.
Crossref
Marcus Y. Soon, Penelope J. Allen & Rosie C.H. Dawkins. (2022) Cytokine Expression in Staphylococcal and Streptococcal Endophthalmitis. Biomedicine Hub 7:2, pages 88-98.
Crossref
Heidrun L. Deissler, Matus Rehak, Catharina Busch & Armin Wolf. (2022) Blocking of VEGF-A is not sufficient to completely revert its long-term effects on the barrier formed by retinal endothelial cells. Experimental Eye Research 216, pages 108945.
Crossref
Xiaowu Gu & Ondine Cleaver. 2022. The Vasculome. The Vasculome 199 218 .
Devashree Jahagirdar, Prachi Bangde, Ratnesh Jain & Prajakta Dandekar. (2021) Degenerative disease‐on‐a‐chip: Developing microfluidic models for rapid availability of newer therapies. Biotechnology Journal 16:10, pages 2100154.
Crossref
Narender Chanchal, Kushagra Goyal, Divya Vij & Rajesh Kumar Mishra. (2021) PREVALENCE, PATHOGENESIS, CLASSIFICATION, IMAGING, SCREENING AND MANAGE-MENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY- A CRITICAL REVIEW. International Ayurvedic Medical Journal 9:7, pages 1433-1442.
Crossref
Richárd Nagymihály, Yaroslav Nemesh, Taras Ardan, Jan Motlik, Jon Roger Eidet, Morten C. Moe, Linda Hildegard Bergersen, Lyubomyr Lytvynchuk & Goran Petrovski. 2021. Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration. Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration 115 146 .
Andrew X. Chen, Tyler E. Greenlee, Thais F. Conti, Isaac N. Briskin & Rishi P. Singh. (2020) Fluctuations in Macular Thickness in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion Treated with Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents. Ophthalmology Retina 4:12, pages 1158-1169.
Crossref
Heidrun L. Deissler, Katrin Sommer, Gerhard K. Lang & Gabriele E. Lang. (2020) Transport and fate of aflibercept in VEGF-A165-challenged retinal endothelial cells. Experimental Eye Research 198, pages 108156.
Crossref
Shichao Ding, Aminul Islam Khan, Xiaoli Cai, Yang Song, Zhaoyuan Lyu, Dan Du, Prashanta Dutta & Yuehe Lin. (2020) Overcoming blood–brain barrier transport: Advances in nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies. Materials Today 37, pages 112-125.
Crossref
Shan Liu, Antje K. Biesemeier, Alexander V. Tschulakow, Harsh V. Thakkar, Sylvie Julien-Schraermeyer & Ulrich Schraermeyer. (2020) A new rat model of treatment-naive quiescent choroidal neovascularization induced by human VEGF165 overexpression. Biology Open.
Crossref
Héloïse RagelleAndreia GoncalvesStefan KustermannDavid A. AntonettiAshwath Jayagopal. (2020) Organ-On-A-Chip Technologies for Advanced Blood–Retinal Barrier Models. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 36:1, pages 30-41.
Crossref
J. Daniel Lafreniere, James T. Toguri, Rishi R. Gupta, Arif Samad, Dan M. O'Brien, John Dickinson, Alan Cruess, Melanie E. M. Kelly & Mark E. Seamone. (2019) Effects of intravitreal bevacizumab in Gram-positive and Gram-negative models of ocular inflammation. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 47:5, pages 638-645.
Crossref
Anne‐Eva Wijk, Joanna Wisniewska‐Kruk, Ilse M. C. Vogels, Henk A. Veen, Wing Fung Ip, Nicole N. Wel, Cornelis J. F. Noorden, Reinier O. Schlingemann & Ingeborg Klaassen. (2019) Expression patterns of endothelial permeability pathways in the development of the blood‐retinal barrier in mice. The FASEB Journal 33:4, pages 5320-5333.
Crossref
Rhonda Grebe, Irum Mughal, William Bryden, Scott McLeod, Malia Edwards, Gregory S. Hageman & Gerard Lutty. (2019) Ultrastructural analysis of submacular choriocapillaris and its transport systems in AMD and aged control eyes. Experimental Eye Research 181, pages 252-262.
Crossref
Anne‐Eva Wijk, Paul Canning, Rutger P. Heijningen, Ilse M.C. Vogels, Cornelis J.F. Noorden, Ingeborg Klaassen & Reinier O. Schlingemann. (2018) Glucocorticoids exert differential effects on the endothelium in an in vitro model of the blood–retinal barrier . Acta Ophthalmologica 97:2, pages 214-224.
Crossref
Esmeralda K. Bosma, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Ingeborg Klaassen & Reinier O. Schlingemann. 2019. Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetic Nephropathy 305 321 .
Esmeralda K. Bosma, Cornelis J. F. van Noorden, Reinier O. Schlingemann & Ingeborg Klaassen. (2018) The role of plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein in pathological breakdown of blood–brain and blood–retinal barriers: potential novel therapeutic target for cerebral edema and diabetic macular edema. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS 15:1.
Crossref
Silvia Dragoni & Patric Turowski. (2018) Polarised VEGFA Signalling at Vascular Blood–Neural Barriers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19:5, pages 1378.
Crossref
Alejandra Daruich, Alexandre Matet, Alexandre Moulin, Laura Kowalczuk, Michaël Nicolas, Alexandre Sellam, Pierre-Raphaël Rothschild, Samy Omri, Emmanuelle Gélizé, Laurent Jonet, Kimberley Delaunay, Yvonne De Kozak, Marianne Berdugo, Min Zhao, Patricia Crisanti & Francine Behar-Cohen. (2018) Mechanisms of macular edema: Beyond the surface. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 63, pages 20-68.
Crossref
Mónica Díaz-Coránguez, Carla Ramos & David A. Antonetti. (2017) The inner blood-retinal barrier: Cellular basis and development. Vision Research 139, pages 123-137.
Crossref
Mark E. Seamone, Darrell R. Lewis, Ian D. Haidl, R. Rishi Gupta, Daniel M. O’ Brien, John Dickinson, Arif Samad, Jean S. Marshall & Alan F. Cruess. (2017) VEGF-A is increased in exogenous endophthalmitis. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 52:3, pages 277-282.
Crossref
Xiaowu Gu, Alaina M. Reagan, Mark E. McClellan & Michael H. Elliott. (2017) Caveolins and caveolae in ocular physiology and pathophysiology. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 56, pages 84-106.
Crossref
Heidrun L. Deissler, Gerhard K. Lang & Gabriele E. Lang. (2017) Neonatal Fc receptor FcRn is involved in intracellular transport of the Fc fusion protein aflibercept and its transition through retinal endothelial cells. Experimental Eye Research 154, pages 39-46.
Crossref
Patric Turowski. 2017. The Blood Brain Barrier and Inflammation. The Blood Brain Barrier and Inflammation 81 102 .
Ling Guo, Hongyan Zhang, Yinglong Hou, Tianshu Wei & Ju Liu. (2016) Plasmalemma vesicle‑associated protein: A crucial component of vascular homeostasis (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.
Crossref
Paul CanningBridget-Ann KennyVivien PriseJosephine GlennMosharraf H. SarkerNatalie HudsonMartin BrandtFrancisco J. LopezDavid GalePhilip J. LuthertPeter Adamson, Patric TurowskiAlan W. Stitt. (2016) Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) as a therapeutic target to prevent retinal vasopermeability during diabetes . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113:26, pages 7213-7218.
Crossref
Joanna Wisniewska-Kruk, Anne-Eva van der Wijk, Henk A. van Veen, Theo G.M.F. Gorgels, Ilse M.C. Vogels, Danielle Versteeg, Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden, Reinier O. Schlingemann & Ingeborg Klaassen. (2016) Plasmalemma Vesicle–Associated Protein Has a Key Role in Blood-Retinal Barrier Loss. The American Journal of Pathology 186:4, pages 1044-1054.
Crossref
Heidrun L. Deissler, Gerhard K. Lang & Gabriele E. Lang. (2016) Internalization of bevacizumab by retinal endothelial cells and its intracellular fate: Evidence for an involvement of the neonatal Fc receptor. Experimental Eye Research 143, pages 49-59.
Crossref
Patric Turowski & Bridget-Ann Kenny. (2015) The blood-brain barrier and methamphetamine: open sesame?. Frontiers in Neuroscience 9.
Crossref
Ulrich Schraermeyer, Sylvie Julien, Antje Biesemeier, Karl Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt & Hartwig Wolburg. (2014) A new kind of labyrinth-like capillary is responsible for leakage from human choroidal neovascular endothelium, as investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 253:5, pages 681-689.
Crossref
Ana Bastos-Carvalho & Jayakrishna Ambati. 2015. Intravitreal Steroids. Intravitreal Steroids 1 15 .
Sohan Singh HayrehSohan Singh Hayreh. 2015. Ocular Vascular Occlusive Disorders. Ocular Vascular Occlusive Disorders 165 171 .
Joanna Wisniewska-Kruk, Ingeborg Klaassen, Ilse M.C. Vogels, Aaron L. Magno, Chooi-May Lai, Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden, Reinier O. Schlingemann & Elizabeth P. Rakoczy. (2014) Molecular analysis of blood–retinal barrier loss in the Akimba mouse, a model of advanced diabetic retinopathy. Experimental Eye Research 122, pages 123-131.
Crossref
Gunhal Satirtav. (2014) Current evidence of pathophysiology of diabetic macular edema: A review. World Journal of Ophthalmology 4:4, pages 147.
Crossref
Mario Salmeri, Carla Motta, Carmelina D. Anfuso, Andrea Amodeo, Marina Scalia, Maria A. Toscano, Mario Alberghina & Gabriella Lupo. (2013) VEGF receptor-1 involvement in pericyte loss induced by Escherichia coli in an in vitro model of blood brain barrier . Cellular Microbiology 15:8, pages 1367-1384.
Crossref
Ingeborg Klaassen, Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden & Reinier O. Schlingemann. (2013) Molecular basis of the inner blood-retinal barrier and its breakdown in diabetic macular edema and other pathological conditions. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 34, pages 19-48.
Crossref
Henry E. Wiley & Frederick L. FerrisIIIIII. 2013. Retina. Retina 940 968 .
Antonia M. Joussen & Thomas J. Wolfensberger. 2013. Retina. Retina 590 604 .
Takahiro Horii, Tomoaki Murakami, Kazuaki Nishijima, Tadamichi Akagi, Akihito Uji, Naoko Arakawa, Yuki Muraoka & Nagahisa Yoshimura. (2012) Relationship between Fluorescein Pooling and Optical Coherence Tomographic Reflectivity of Cystoid Spaces in Diabetic Macular Edema. Ophthalmology 119:5, pages 1047-1055.
Crossref
Joanna Wisniewska-Kruk, Kees A. Hoeben, Ilse M.C. Vogels, Pieter J. Gaillard, Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden, Reinier O. Schlingemann & Ingeborg Klaassen. (2012) A novel co-culture model of the blood-retinal barrier based on primary retinal endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. Experimental Eye Research 96:1, pages 181-190.
Crossref
Daniel Foehring, Beate Brand-Saberi & Carsten Theiss. (2012) VEGF-Induced Growth Cone Enhancement Is Diminished by Inhibiting Tyrosine-Residue 1214 of VEGFR-2. Cells Tissues Organs 196:3, pages 195-205.
Crossref
Xiao‐Feng Tian, Xiao‐Bo Xia, Hui‐Zhuo Xu, Si‐Qi Xiong & Jian Jiang. (2011) Caveolin‐1 expression regulates blood–retinal barrier permeability and retinal neovascularization in oxygen‐induced retinopathy. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 40:1.
Crossref
MARILYN J CIPOLLA & RICHARD P KRAIG. (2011) SEIZURES IN WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA: MECHANISMS AND MANAGEMENT. Fetal and Maternal Medicine Review 22:2, pages 91-108.
Crossref
S. Nag, A. Kapadia & D. J. Stewart. (2011) Review: Molecular pathogenesis of blood-brain barrier breakdown in acute brain injury. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 37:1, pages 3-23.
Crossref
E. Aaron Runkle & David A. Antonetti. 2011. The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers. The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers 133 148 .
Sukriti Nag. 2011. The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers. The Blood-Brain and Other Neural Barriers 3 47 .
Rita Ehrlich, Alon Harris, Thomas A. Ciulla, Nisha Kheradiya, Diana M. Winston & Barbara Wirostko. (2010) Diabetic macular oedema: physical, physiological and molecular factors contribute to this pathological process. Acta Ophthalmologica 88:3, pages 279-291.
Crossref
Poonam Chopra, Jinsong Hao & S. Kevin Li. (2010) Iontophoretic transport of charged macromolecules across human sclera. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 388:1-2, pages 107-113.
Crossref
S.A. Vinores. 2010. Encyclopedia of the Eye. Encyclopedia of the Eye 216 222 .
Deborah C. Silverstein, Catalina Montealegre, Frances S. Shofer & Cynthia M. Otto. (2009) The association between vascular endothelial growth factor levels and clinically evident peripheral edema in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care 19:5, pages 459-466.
Crossref
Sukriti Nag, Janet L. Manias & Duncan J. Stewart. (2009) Pathology and new players in the pathogenesis of brain edema. Acta Neuropathologica 118:2, pages 197-217.
Crossref
Ingeborg Klaassen, John M. Hughes, Ilse M.C. Vogels, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden & Reinier O. Schlingemann. (2009) Altered expression of genes related to blood–retina barrier disruption in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Experimental Eye Research 89:1, pages 4-15.
Crossref
E. Bowie & C. E. Crosson. 2009. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology 165 177 .
Esther J. Kuiper, Rogier van Zijderveld, Peggy Roestenberg, Karen M. Lyons, Roel Goldschmeding, Ingeborg Klaassen, Cornelis J. F. Van Noorden & Reinier O. Schlingemann. (2008) Connective Tissue Growth Factor Is Necessary for Retinal Capillary Basal Lamina Thickening in Diabetic Mice. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 56:8, pages 785-792.
Crossref
Esther J. Kuiper, Frans A. Van Nieuwenhoven, Marc D. de Smet, Jan C. van Meurs, Michael W. Tanck, Noelynn Oliver, Ingeborg Klaassen, Cornelis J. F. Van Noorden, Roel Goldschmeding & Reinier O. Schlingemann. (2008) The Angio-Fibrotic Switch of VEGF and CTGF in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. PLoS ONE 3:7, pages e2675.
Crossref
. (2007) Erratum. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 12:1, pages 355-360.
Crossref
N. Miyamoto, Y. de Kozak, J. C. Jeanny, A. Glotin, F. Mascarelli, P. Massin, D. BenEzra & F. Behar-Cohen. (2006) Placental growth factor-1 and epithelial haemato–retinal barrier breakdown: potential implication in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 50:2, pages 461-470.
Crossref
S. Nag. 2007. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology. Handbook of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology 56 89 .
J. V. Lafuente, E. G. Argandoña & B. Mitre. (2006) VEGFR-2 expression in brain injury: its distribution related to brain–blood barrier markers. Journal of Neural Transmission 113:4, pages 487-496.
Crossref
Marilyn J. Cipolla. 2006. Blood-Brain Barriers. Blood-Brain Barriers 619 647 .
Hideharu Funatsu, Tetsuji Yamashita & Hidetoshi Yamashita. 2006. 111 166 .
Jens F. Kiilgaard, Mads Varis Nis Andersen, Anne K. Wiencke, Erik Scherfig, Morten La Cour, Tongalp H. Tezel & Jan U. Prause. (2005) A new animal model of choroidal neovascularization. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica 83:6, pages 697-704.
Crossref
Jeffrey E. Gotts & Marie-Françoise Chesselet. (2005) Vascular changes in the subventricular zone after distal cortical lesions. Experimental Neurology 194:1, pages 139-150.
Crossref
Pampee P. Young, Corinne R. Fantz & Mark S. Sands. (2004) VEGF disrupts the neonatal blood–brain barrier and increases life span after non-ablative BMT in a murine model of congenital neurodegeneration caused by a lysosomal enzyme deficiency. Experimental Neurology 188:1, pages 104-114.
Crossref
Silvia Fischer, Marion Wiesnet, Hugo H. Marti, Dieter Renz & Wolfgang Schaper. (2004) Simultaneous activation of several second messengers in hypoxia-induced hyperpermeability of brain derived endothelial cells. Journal of Cellular Physiology 198:3, pages 359-369.
Crossref
Antonella N. Witmer, Bart C. van Blijswijk, Cornelis J.F. van Noorden, Gijs F.J.M. Vrensen & Reinier O. Schlingemann. (2016) In Vivo Angiogenic Phenotype of Endothelial Cells and Pericytes Induced by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 52:1, pages 39-52.
Crossref
JOSÉ V. LAFUENTE. 2004. Blood-Spinal Cord and Brain Barriers in Health and Disease. Blood-Spinal Cord and Brain Barriers in Health and Disease 533 545 .
Efrem Mandelcorn, Yasser Khan, Livia Javorska, Justine Cohen, David Howarth & Mark Mandelcorn. (2003) Idiopathic epiretinal membranes: cell type, growth factor expression, and fluorescein angiographic and retinal photographic correlations. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 38:6, pages 457-463.
Crossref
D.O Bates & S.J Harper. (2002) Regulation of vascular permeability by vascular endothelial growth factors. Vascular Pharmacology 39:4-5, pages 225-237.
Crossref
Carolyn S. Grove & Y.C. Gary Lee. (2002) Vascular endothelial growth factor: the key mediator in pleural effusion formation. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 8:4, pages 294-301.
Crossref
D. O. Bates, N. J. Hillman, B. Williams, C. R. Neal & T. M. Pocock. (2002) Regulation of microvascular permeability by vascular endothelial growth factors*. Journal of Anatomy 200:6, pages 581-597.
Crossref
A. N. Witmer, B. C. van Blijswijk, J. Dai, P. Hofman, T. A. Partanen, G. F. J. M. Vrensen & R. O. Schlingemann. (2001) VEGFR‐3 in adult angiogenesis. The Journal of Pathology 195:4, pages 490-497.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.