Advanced search
Publication Cover
British Poultry Science Volume 16, 1975 - Issue 5
Submit an article Journal homepage
179
Views
105
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Feather pecking and cannibalism in a caged layer flock

Jean Allen Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Bristol, Lang ford House, Langford, Bristol, BS18 7DU, England
&
G. C. Perry Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Bristol, Lang ford House, Langford, Bristol, BS18 7DU, England
Pages 441-451 | Received 19 Aug 1974, Published online: 08 Nov 2007

Citations (105)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (32)

M. Wysocki, W. Bessei, J.B. Kjaer & J. Bennewitz. (2010) Genetic and physiological factors influencing feather pecking in chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal 66:4, pages 659-672.
Read now
H.A. Van De Weerd, R. Keatinge & S. Roderick. (2009) A review of key health-related welfare issues in organic poultry production. World's Poultry Science Journal 65:4, pages 649-684.
Read now
A.J. Buitenhuis & J.B. Kjaer. (2008) Long term selection for reduced or increased pecking behaviour in laying hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 64:4, pages 477-487.
Read now
S.G.A. Ramadan & E. Von borell. (2008) Role of loose feathers on the development of feather pecking in laying hens. British Poultry Science 49:3, pages 250-256.
Read now
A. Bright. (2008) Vocalisations and acoustic parameters of flock noise from feather pecking and non-feather pecking laying flocks. British Poultry Science 49:3, pages 241-249.
Read now
A. Bright. (2007) Plumage colour and feather pecking in laying hens, a chicken perspective?. British Poultry Science 48:3, pages 253-263.
Read now
H.A. Van De Weerd & A. Elson. (2006) Rearing factors that influence the propensity for injurious feather pecking in laying hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 62:4, pages 654-664.
Read now
Greg Dixon, Laura E. Green & Christine J. Nicol. (2006) Effect of Diet Change on the Behavior of Chicks of an Egg-Laying Strain. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 9:1, pages 41-58.
Read now
M.M. Van Krimpen, R.P. Kwakkel, B.F.J. Reuvekamp, C.M.C. Van Der Peet-Schwering, L.A. Den Hartog & M.W.A. Verstegen. (2005) Impact of feeding management on feather pecking in laying hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 61:4, pages 663-686.
Read now
R.B. Jones, T.M. Mcadie, C. McCorquodale & L.J. Keeling. (2002) Pecking at other birds and at string enrichment devices by adult laying hens. British Poultry Science 43:3, pages 337-343.
Read now
D.E.F. McKeegan, C.J. Savory, M.G. MacLeod & M.A. Mitchell. (2001) Development of pecking damage in layer pullets in relation to dietary protein source. British Poultry Science 42:1, pages 33-42.
Read now
H. El-Lethey, V. Aerni, T.W. Jungi & B. Wechsler. (2000) Stress and feather pecking in laying hens in relation to housing conditions. British Poultry Science 41:1, pages 22-28.
Read now
V. Aerni, H. El-Lethey & B. Wechsler. (2000) Effect of foraging material and food form on feather pecking in laying hens. British Poultry Science 41:1, pages 16-21.
Read now
B. Huber-Eicher & L. Audige. (1999) Analysis of risk factors for the occurrence of feather pecking in laying hen growers. British Poultry Science 40:5, pages 599-604.
Read now
C. J. Savory, J.S. Mann & M.G. MaCleod. (1999) Incidence of pecking damage in growing bantams in relation to food form, group size, stocking density, dietary tryptophan concentration and dietary protein source. British Poultry Science 40:5, pages 579-584.
Read now
B. Bilcik & L. J. Keeling. (1999) Changes in feather condition in relation to feather pecking and aggressive behaviour in laying hens. British Poultry Science 40:4, pages 444-451.
Read now
S. GUNNARSSON. (1999) Effect of rearing factors on the prevalence of floor eggs, cloacal cannibalism and feather pecking in commercial flocks of loose housed laying hens. British Poultry Science 40:1, pages 12-18.
Read now
B. Huber-Eicher. (1999) A survey of layer-type pullet rearing in Switzerland. World's Poultry Science Journal 55:1, pages 83-91.
Read now
Annsofie Wahlström, Ragnar Tauson & Klas Elwinger. (1998) Effects on plumage condition, health and mortality of dietary oats/wheat ratios to three hybrids of laying hens in different housing systems. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science 48:4, pages 250-259.
Read now
C. M. SHERWIN & A. KELLAND. (1998) Time-budgets, comfort behaviours and injurious pecking of turkeys housed in pairs. British Poultry Science 39:3, pages 325-332.
Read now
B. WECHSLER, B. HUBER-EICHER & D.R. NASH. (1998) Feather pecking in growers: A study with individually marked birds. British Poultry Science 39:2, pages 178-185.
Read now
J. B. Kjaer & P. Sørensen. (1997) Feather pecking behaviour in White Leghorns, a genetic study. British Poultry Science 38:4, pages 333-341.
Read now
C. J. Savory & J. D. Hetherington. (1997) Effects of plastic anti‐pecking devices on food intake and behaviour of laying hens fed on pellets or mash. British Poultry Science 38:2, pages 125-131.
Read now
C. J. Savory & J. S. Mann. (1997) Behavioural development in groups of pen‐housed pullets in relation to genetic strain, age and food form. British Poultry Science 38:1, pages 38-47.
Read now
A. C. Lindberg & C. J. Nicol. (1996) Space and density effects on group size preferences in laying hens. British Poultry Science 37:4, pages 709-721.
Read now
Per Abrahamsson, Ragnar Tauson & Klas Elwinger. (1996) Effects on Production, Health and Egg Quality of Varying Proportions of Wheat and Barley in Diets for Two Hybrids of Laying Hens Kept in Different Housing Systems. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science 46:3, pages 173-182.
Read now
P. Abrahamsson, R. Tauson & M. C. Appleby. (1996) Behaviour, health and integument of four hybrids of laying hens in modified and conventional cages. British Poultry Science 37:3, pages 521-540.
Read now
B.O. Hughes & M.J. Gentle. (1995) Beak trimming of poultry: its implications for welfare. World's Poultry Science Journal 51:1, pages 51-61.
Read now
H. J. Blokhuis & J. W. Van der Haar. (1992) Effects of pecking incentives during rearing on feather pecking of laying hens. British Poultry Science 33:1, pages 17-24.
Read now
C. M. Wathes, D. R. Charles & J. A. Clark. (1985) Group size and plumage damage in laying hens. British Poultry Science 26:4, pages 459-463.
Read now
J. V. Craig & A. W. Adams. (1984) Behaviour and Well-being of Hens (Gallus Domesticus) in Alternative Housing Environments. World's Poultry Science Journal 40:3, pages 221-240.
Read now
S. G. Tullett, M. G. Macleod & T. R. Jewitt. (1980) The effects of partial defeathering on energy metabolism in the laying fowl. British Poultry Science 21:3, pages 241-245.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (73)

P. Yin, Q. Tong, B.M. Li, W.C. Zheng, Y. Wang, H.Q. Peng, X.L. Xue & S.Q. Wei. (2024) Spatial distribution, movement, body damage, and feather condition of laying hens in a multi-tier system. Poultry Science 103:1, pages 103202.
Crossref
Ramesh Bahadur Bist, Sachin Subedi, Xiao Yang & Lilong Chai. (2023) Effective Strategies for Mitigating Feather Pecking and Cannibalism in Cage-Free W-36 Pullets. Poultry 2:2, pages 281-291.
Crossref
Leigh P. Gaffney, J. Michelle Lavery, Martina Schiestl, Anna Trevarthen, Jason Schukraft, Rachael Miller, Alexandra K. Schnell & Bob Fischer. (2023) A theoretical approach to improving interspecies welfare comparisons. Frontiers in Animal Science 3.
Crossref
Angela Schwarzer, Elke Rauch, Michael Erhard, Sven Reese, Paul Schmidt, Shana Bergmann, Christina Plattner, Anne Kaesberg & Helen Louton. (2022) Individual plumage and integument scoring of laying hens on commercial farms: correlation with severe feather pecking and prognosis by visual scoring on flock level. Poultry Science 101:10, pages 102093.
Crossref
Alexander Charles Mott, Andrea Mott, Siegfried Preuß, Jörn Bennewitz, Jens Tetens & Clemens Falker-Gieske. (2022) eQTL analysis of laying hens divergently selected for feather pecking identifies KLF14 as a potential key regulator for this behavioral disorder. Frontiers in Genetics 13.
Crossref
Koichi Yoshidome, Natsuki Fukano, Yoshimitsu Ouchi, Shozo Tomonaga, John F. Cockrem & Takashi Bungo. (2021) The use of behavioral tests of fearfulness in chicks to distinguish between the Japanese native chicken breeds, Tosa‐Kukin and Yakido. Animal Science Journal 92:1.
Crossref
Greg M. Cronin & Phil C. Glatz. (2020) Causes of feather pecking and subsequent welfare issues for the laying hen: a review. Animal Production Science 61:10, pages 990-1005.
Crossref
Zafar Iqbal, Kelly Drake, Robert Alfonso Swick, Peta Simone Taylor, Rider Anderson Perez-Maldonado & Isabelle Ruhnke. (2020) Effect of pecking stones and age on feather cover, hen mortality, and performance in free-range laying hens. Poultry Science 99:5, pages 2307-2314.
Crossref
Haipeng Shi, Qin Tong, Weichao Zheng, Jiang Tu & Baoming Li. (2019) Effects of nest boxes in natural mating colony cages on fear, stress, and feather damage for layer breeders123. Journal of Animal Science 97:11, pages 4464-4474.
Crossref
Haipeng Shi, Baoming Li, Qin Tong, Weichao Zheng, Dan Zeng & Guobin Feng. (2019) Effects of LED Light Color and Intensity on Feather Pecking and Fear Responses of Layer Breeders in Natural Mating Colony Cages. Effects of LED Light Color and Intensity on Feather Pecking and Fear Responses of Layer Breeders in Natural Mating Colony Cages.
Haipeng Shi, Baoming Li, Qin Tong, Weichao Zheng, Dan Zeng & Guobin Feng. (2019) Effects of LED Light Color and Intensity on Feather Pecking and Fear Responses of Layer Breeders in Natural Mating Colony Cages. Animals 9:10, pages 814.
Crossref
Christopher J. Liebers, Angela Schwarzer, Michael Erhard, Paul Schmidt & Helen Louton. (2019) The influence of environmental enrichment and stocking density on the plumage and health conditions of laying hen pullets. Poultry Science 98:6, pages 2474-2488.
Crossref
Richard M. Fulton. (2019) Health of Commercial Egg Laying Chickens in Different Housing Systems. Avian Diseases 63:3, pages 420.
Crossref
I. Ruhnke, J. Boshoff, I. V. Cristiani, D. Schneider, M. Welch, T. Z. Sibanda & M. Kolakshyapati. (2019) Free-range laying hens: using technology to show the dynamics and impact of hen movement. Animal Production Science 59:11, pages 2046.
Crossref
G.M. Cronin, R.L. Hopcroft, P.J. Groves, E.J.S. Hall, D.N. Phalen & P.H. Hemsworth. (2018) Why did severe feather pecking and cannibalism outbreaks occur? An unintended case study while investigating the effects of forage and stress on pullets during rearing. Poultry Science 97:5, pages 1484-1502.
Crossref
A-K U Kaesberg, H Louton, M Erhard, P Schmidt, M Zepp, F Helmer & A Schwarzer. (2018) Development of a prognostic tool for the occurrence of feather pecking and cannibalism in laying hens. Poultry Science 97:3, pages 820-833.
Crossref
A. Campe, C. Hoes, S. Koesters, C. Froemke, S. Bougeard, M. Staack, W. Bessei, A. Manton, B. Scholz, L. Schrader, P. Thobe & U. Knierim. (2018) Analysis of the influences on plumage condition in laying hens: How suitable is a whole body plumage score as an outcome?. Poultry Science 97:2, pages 358-367.
Crossref
Patrick Birkl, Leonora Franke, T. Bas Rodenburg, Ester Ellen & Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek. (2017) A role for plasma aromatic amino acids in injurious pecking behavior in laying hens. Physiology & Behavior 175, pages 88-96.
Crossref
Xin Huo & Pongchan Na-Lampang. (2016) Effects of stocking density on feather pecking and aggressive behavior in Thai crossbred chickens. Agriculture and Natural Resources 50:5, pages 396-399.
Crossref
Lisanne Stadig, Bart Ampe, Suzy Van Gansbeke, Tom Van den Bogaert, Evelien D’Haenens, Jasper Heerkens & Frank Tuyttens. (2015) Opinion of Belgian Egg Farmers on Hen Welfare and Its Relationship with Housing Type. Animals 6:1, pages 1.
Crossref
SL Lambton, TG Knowles, C Yorke & CJ Nicol. (2023) The risk factors affecting the development of vent pecking and cannibalism in free-range and organic laying hens. Animal Welfare 24:1, pages 101-111.
Crossref
Tessa Brinker, Piter Bijma, Jeroen Visscher, T Bas Rodenburg & Esther D Ellen. (2014) Plumage condition in laying hens: genetic parameters for direct and indirect effects in two purebred layer lines. Genetics Selection Evolution 46:1.
Crossref
Esther D. Ellen, T. Bas Rodenburg, Gerard A. A. Albers, J. Elizabeth Bolhuis, Irene Camerlink, Naomi Duijvesteijn, Egbert F. Knol, William M. Muir, Katrijn Peeters, Inonge Reimert, Ewa Sell-Kubiak, Johan A. M. van Arendonk, Jeroen Visscher & Piter Bijma. (2014) The prospects of selection for social genetic effects to improve welfare and productivity in livestock. Frontiers in Genetics 5.
Crossref
Michal Wysocki, Siegfried Preuss, Patrick Stratz & Jörn Bennewitz. (2013) Investigating gene expression differences in two chicken groups with variable propensity to feather pecking. Animal Genetics 44:6, pages 773-777.
Crossref
S. L. Lambton, C. J. Nicol, M. Friel, D. C. J. Main, J. L. McKinstry, C. M. Sherwin, J. Walton & C. A. Weeks. (2013) A bespoke management package can reduce levels of injurious pecking in loose‐housed laying hen flocks. Veterinary Record 172:16, pages 423-423.
Crossref
I. Kriegseis, W. Bessei, B. Meyer, J. Zentek, H. Würbel & A. Harlander-Matauschek. (2012) Feather-pecking response of laying hens to feather and cellulose-based rations fed during rearing. Poultry Science 91:7, pages 1514-1521.
Crossref
A Brigh, D Brass, J Clachan, KA Drake & AD Joret. (2023) Canopy cover is correlated with reduced injurious feather pecking in commercial flocks of free-range laying hens. Animal Welfare 20:3, pages 329-338.
Crossref
LM Dixon, IJH Duncan & GJ Mason. (2023) The effects of four types of enrichment on feather-pecking behaviour in laying hens housed in barren environments. Animal Welfare 19:4, pages 429-435.
Crossref
Sarah L. Lambton, Toby G. Knowles, Caroline Yorke & Christine J. Nicol. (2010) The risk factors affecting the development of gentle and severe feather pecking in loose housed laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 123:1-2, pages 32-42.
Crossref
Chris M. Sherwin. 2010. The Welfare of Domestic Fowl and Other Captive Birds. The Welfare of Domestic Fowl and Other Captive Birds 237 258 .
Oddvar Fossum, Désirée S Jansson, Pernille Engelsen Etterlin & Ivar Vågsholm. (2009) Causes of mortality in laying hens in different housing systems in 2001 to 2004. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 51:1.
Crossref
Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland, Berry M. Spruit, T. Bas Rodenburg, Bernd Riedstra, Yvonne M. van Hierden, Bart Buitenhuis, S. Mechiel Korte & Johannes T. Lumeij. (2009) Feather damaging behaviour in parrots: A review with consideration of comparative aspects. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 121:2, pages 75-95.
Crossref
Laura Marie Dixon. (2008) Feather Pecking Behaviour and associated Welfare issues in Laying Hens. Avian Biology Research 1:2, pages 73-87.
Crossref
Tsuyoshi SHIMMURA, Satoshi HIRAHARA, Yusuke EGUCHI, Katsuji UETAKE & Toshio TANAKA. (2007) Behavior, physiology, performance and physical condition of layers in conventional and large furnished cages in a hot environment. Animal Science Journal 78:3, pages 314-322.
Crossref
W.J. Kuenzel. (2007) Neurobiological Basis of Sensory Perception: Welfare Implications of Beak Trimming. Poultry Science 86:6, pages 1273-1282.
Crossref
T. Bas Rodenburg & Paul Koene. (2007) The impact of group size on damaging behaviours, aggression, fear and stress in farm animals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 103:3-4, pages 205-214.
Crossref
H.A. VAN DE WEERD & A. ELSON. (2007) Rearing factors that influence the propensity for injurious feather pecking in laying hens. World's Poultry Science Journal 62:04, pages 654-664.
Crossref
Anja Brinch Jensen, Rupert Palme & Björn Forkman. (2006) Effect of brooders on feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 99:3-4, pages 287-300.
Crossref
A Bright, TA Jones & MS Dawkins. (2023) A non-intrusive method of assessing plumage condition in commercial flocks of laying hens. Animal Welfare 15:2, pages 113-118.
Crossref
. (2005) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) on a request from the Commission related to the welfare aspects of various systems of keeping laying hens. EFSA Journal 3:3, pages 197.
Crossref
J. B. Kjaer. (2004) Effects of stocking density and group size on the condition of the skin and feathers of pheasant chicks. Veterinary Record 154:18, pages 556-558.
Crossref
T.B. Rodenburg, P. Koene & B.M. Spruijt. (2004) Reaction to frustration in high and low feather pecking lines of laying hens from commercial or semi-natural rearing conditions. Behavioural Processes 65:2, pages 179-188.
Crossref
Pollyanna E Taylor, Graham B Scott & Paul Rose. (2003) The ability of domestic hens to jump between horizontal perches: effects of light intensity and perch colour. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 83:2, pages 99-108.
Crossref
Yvonne M. van Hierden, S.Mechiel Korte, E.Wim Ruesink, Cornelis G. van Reenen, Bas Engel, Jaap M. Koolhaas & Harry J. Blokhuis. (2002) The development of feather pecking behaviour and targeting of pecking in chicks from a high and low feather pecking line of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 77:3, pages 183-196.
Crossref
Sylvie Cloutier, Ruth C. Newberry, Kristen Honda & J.Richard Alldredge. (2002) Cannibalistic behaviour spread by social learning. Animal Behaviour 63:6, pages 1153-1162.
Crossref
Kathryn A.L. Bayne, Bonnie V. Beaver, Joy A. Mench & David B. Morton. 2002. Laboratory Animal Medicine. Laboratory Animal Medicine 1239 1264 .
C.J. Pötzsch, K. Lewis, C.J. Nicol & L.E. Green. (2001) A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of vent pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its associations with feather pecking, management and disease. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 74:4, pages 259-272.
Crossref
B Huber-Eicher & F Sebö. (2001) The prevalence of feather pecking and development in commercial flocks of laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 74:3, pages 223-231.
Crossref
A. Wahlström, R. Tauson & K. Elwinger. (2001) Plumage Condition and Health of Aviary-Kept Hens Fed Mash or Crumbled Pellets. Poultry Science 80:3, pages 266-271.
Crossref
J.B. Kjaer, P. Sørensen & G. Su. (2001) Divergent selection on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science 71:3, pages 229-239.
Crossref
E. Zeltner, T. Klein & B. Huber-Eicher. (2000) Is there social transmission of feather pecking in groups of laying hen chicks?. Animal Behaviour 60:2, pages 211-216.
Crossref
T.M McAdie & L.J Keeling. (2000) Effect of manipulating feathers of laying hens on the incidence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 68:3, pages 215-229.
Crossref
J.B Kjaer. (2000) Diurnal rhythm of feather pecking behaviour and condition of integument in four strains of loose housed laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65:4, pages 331-347.
Crossref
C.J Nicol, N.G Gregory, T.G Knowles, I.D Parkman & L.J Wilkins. (1999) Differential effects of increased stocking density, mediated by increased flock size, on feather pecking and aggression in laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 65:2, pages 137-152.
Crossref
R Freire, A Walker & C.J Nicol. (1999) The relationship between trough height, feather cover and behaviour of laying hens in modified cages. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 63:1, pages 55-64.
Crossref
J.B Kjaer & K.S Vestergaard. (1999) Development of feather pecking in relation to light intensity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 62:2-3, pages 243-254.
Crossref
Pernille F Johnsen, Klaus S Vestergaard & Gert Nørgaard-Nielsen. (1998) Influence of early rearing conditions on the development of feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 60:1, pages 25-41.
Crossref
Beat Wechsler & Beat Huber-Eicher. (1998) The effect of foraging material and perch height on feather pecking and feather damage in laying hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 58:1-2, pages 131-141.
Crossref
Claudia Roden & Beat Wechsler. (1998) A comparison of the behaviour of domestic chicks reared with or without a hen in enriched pens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 55:3-4, pages 317-326.
Crossref
BEAT HUBER-EICHER & BEAT WECHSLER. (1997) Feather pecking in domestic chicks: its relation to dustbathing and foraging. Animal Behaviour 54:4, pages 757-768.
Crossref
Marty L. Leonard, Andrew G. Horn & R.Wayne Fairfull. (1995) Correlates and consequences of allopecking in White Leghorn chickens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 43:1, pages 17-26.
Crossref
J.V. CRAIG. (1992) Beak Trimming Benefits Vary Among Egg-Strain Pullets of Different Genetic Stocks ,. Poultry Science 71:12, pages 2007-2013.
Crossref
F.-L. KUO, J.V. CRAIG & WILLIAM M. MUIR. (1991) Selection and Beak-Trimming Effects on Behavior, Cannibalism, and Short-Term Production Traits in White Leghorn Pullets ,. Poultry Science 70:5, pages 1057-1068.
Crossref
H.-Y. LEE & J.V. CRAIG. (1991) Beak Trimming Effects on Behavior Patterns, Fearfulness, Feathering, and Mortality Among Three Stocks of White Leghorn Pullets in Cages or Floor Pens ,. Poultry Science 70:2, pages 211-221.
Crossref
J.V. Craig & H.-Y. Lee. (1990) Beak trimming and genetic stock effects on behavior and mortality from cannibalism in White Leghorn-type pullets. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 25:1-2, pages 107-123.
Crossref
J.V. CRAIG & H.-Y. LEE. (1989) Research Note: Genetic Stocks of White Leghorn Type Differ in Relative Productivity When Beaks are Intact Versus Trimmed ,. Poultry Science 68:12, pages 1720-1723.
Crossref
Katherine A. Houpt. (1987) Abnormal Behavior. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 3:2, pages 357-367.
Crossref
Linda D. Mickley & Michael W. Fox. 1987. Advances in Animal Welfare Science 1986/87. Advances in Animal Welfare Science 1986/87 257 272 .
Elisabeth Tind. 1985. Social Space for Domestic Animals. Social Space for Domestic Animals 85 98 .
H.J. Blokhuis & J.G. Arkes. (1984) Some observations on the development of feather-pecking in poultry. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 12:1-2, pages 145-157.
Crossref
James V. Craig. (1982) Behavioral and Genetic Adaptation of Laying Hens to High-Density Environments. BioScience 32:1, pages 33-37.
Crossref
J. Petersen. 1980. The Laying Hen and its Environment. The Laying Hen and its Environment 43 64 .
Ch. Burckhardt, D. W. Fölsch & U. ScheifeleCh. Burckhardt, D. W. Fölsch & U. Scheifele. 1979. Das Gefieder des Huhnes. Das Gefieder des Huhnes 54 58 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.