5,349
Views
91
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Modeling the Fate of Expiratory Aerosols and the Associated Infection Risk in an Aircraft Cabin Environment

, , , &
Pages 322-343 | Received 14 Jul 2008, Accepted 21 Nov 2008, Published online: 25 Feb 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (11)

J. C. Xu, C. T. Wang, S. C. Fu, K. C. Chan & Christopher Y. H. Chao. (2021) Short-range bioaerosol deposition and inhalation of cough droplets and performance of personalized ventilation. Aerosol Science and Technology 55:4, pages 474-485.
Read now
Hossam A. Elmaghraby, Yi Wai Chiang & Amir A. Aliabadi. (2020) Normal and extreme aircraft accelerations and the effects on exposure to expiratory airborne contaminant inside commercial aircraft cabins . Science and Technology for the Built Environment 26:7, pages 924-927.
Read now
Hossam A. Elmaghraby, Yi Wai Chiang & Amir Abbas Aliabadi. (2020) Airflow design and source control strategies for reducing airborne contaminant exposure in passenger aircraft cabins during the climb leg. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 26:7, pages 901-923.
Read now
Hossam A. Elmaghraby, Yi Wai Chiang & Amir A. Aliabadi. (2019) Are aircraft acceleration-induced body forces effective on contaminant dispersion in passenger aircraft cabins?. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 25:7, pages 858-872.
Read now
Hossam A. Elmaghraby, Yi Wai Chiang & Amir A. Aliabadi. (2018) Ventilation strategies and air quality management in passenger aircraft cabins: A review of experimental approaches and numerical simulations. Science and Technology for the Built Environment 24:2, pages 160-175.
Read now
Chun Chen, Wei Liu, Chao-Hsin Lin & Qingyan Chen. (2015) Accelerating the Lagrangian Method for Modeling Transient Particle Transport in Indoor Environments. Aerosol Science and Technology 49:5, pages 351-361.
Read now
ZhechoD. Bolashikov, ArsenK. Melikov, Wojciech Kierat, Zbigniew Popiołek & Marek Brand. (2012) Exposure of health care workers and occupants to coughed airborne pathogens in a double-bed hospital patient room with overhead mixing ventilation. HVAC&R Research 18:4, pages 602-615.
Read now
Jessica Appert, PeterC. Raynor, Martha Abin, Yogesh Chander, Helena Guarino, SagarM. Goyal, Zhili Zuo, Song Ge & ThomasH. Kuehn. (2012) Influence of Suspending Liquid, Impactor Type, and Substrate on Size-Selective Sampling of MS2 and Adenovirus Aerosols. Aerosol Science and Technology 46:3, pages 249-257.
Read now
Y. Yang, G.N. Sze-To & ChristopherY. H. Chao. (2012) Estimation of the Aerodynamic Sizes of Single Bacterium-Laden Expiratory Aerosols Using Stochastic Modeling with Experimental Validation. Aerosol Science and Technology 46:1, pages 1-12.
Read now
JeremyM. Beneke, ByronW. Jones & Mohammad Hosni. (2011) Fine particle dispersion in a commercial aircraft cabin. HVAC&R Research 17:1, pages 107-117.
Read now
A.C. K. Lai & S.L. Wong. (2010) Experimental Investigation of Exhaled Aerosol Transport Under Two Ventilation Systems. Aerosol Science and Technology 44:6, pages 444-452.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (80)

Junzhou He, Chaofan Lin, Zhijian Liu, Caiqing Yang & Xudong Yang. (2024) Investigating the spatial distribution of volatile organic compounds in aircraft cabins from various emission sources. Environmental Research 245, pages 118064.
Crossref
Georgios Triantafyllou, Panagiotis G. Kalozoumis, Eirini Cholopoulou & Dimitris K. Iakovidis. 2024. The Blue Book. The Blue Book 93 141 .
Florian Webner, Andreas Kohl, Daniel Schmeling & Claus Wagner. 2024. New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics XIV. New Results in Numerical and Experimental Fluid Mechanics XIV 590 600 .
Yanxi Liu, Xuan Cheng, Dengzhao Tang & Xinyue Wang. (2023) Optimization of cabin seating arrangement strategies based on the Wells–Riley risk theory. PLOS ONE 18:11, pages e0294345.
Crossref
Linyan Xiang, Cheol W. Lee, Oleg Zikanov, Mohamed Abuhegazy & Svetlana V. Poroseva. (2023) Reduced-order modeling of transport of infectious aerosols in ventilated rooms. Physics of Fluids 35:7.
Crossref
Alireza Bahramian & Goodarz Ahmadi. (2023) Effect of sneeze flow velocity profiles on the respiratory droplets dispersion in a confined space: An experimental and computational fluid dynamics study. Physics of Fluids 35:6.
Crossref
Alireza Bahramian, Maryam Mohammadi & Goodarz Ahmadi. (2023) Effect of indoor temperature on the velocity fields and airborne transmission of sneeze droplets: An experimental study and transient CFD modeling. Science of The Total Environment 858, pages 159444.
Crossref
Yang Liu, Zhengwei Long & Wei Liu. (2022) A semi-empirical mesh strategy for CFD simulation of indoor airflow. Indoor and Built Environment 31:9, pages 2240-2256.
Crossref
Junzhou He, Yihui Yin, Jingjing Pei, Yuexia Sun, Zhijian Liu, Qingyan Chen & Xudong Yang. (2022) A model to evaluate ozone distribution and reaction byproducts in aircraft cabin environments. Indoor Air 32:11.
Crossref
Jo‐Hendrik Thysen, Twan van Hooff, Bert Blocken & GertJan van Heijst. (2022) Airplane cabin mixing ventilation with time‐periodic supply: Contaminant mass fluxes and ventilation efficiency. Indoor Air 32:11.
Crossref
Timothy G. Foat, Benjamin Higgins, Charlotte Abbs, Thomas Maishman, Simon Coldrick, Adrian Kelsey, Matthew J. Ivings, Simon T. Parker & Catherine J. Noakes. (2022) Modeling the effect of temperature and relative humidity on exposure to SARS‐CoV ‐2 in a mechanically ventilated room . Indoor Air 32:11.
Crossref
Arnold Barnett & Keith Fleming. (2022) Covid-19 infection risk on US domestic airlines. Health Care Management Science 25:3, pages 347-362.
Crossref
S. Ferrari, T. Blázquez, R. Cardelli, G. Puglisi, R. Suárez & L. Mazzarella. (2022) Ventilation strategies to reduce airborne transmission of viruses in classrooms: A systematic review of scientific literature. Building and Environment 222, pages 109366.
Crossref
Lara Moeller, Florian Wallburg, Felix Kaule & Stephan Schoenfelder. (2022) Numerical Flow Simulation on the Virus Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Due to Airborne Transmission in a Classroom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:10, pages 6279.
Crossref
C.T. Wang, J.C. Xu, S.C. Fu & Christopher Y.H. Chao. (2022) Airborne infection risk of nearby passengers in a cabin environment and implications for infection control. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 47, pages 102285.
Crossref
Tengfei (Tim) Zhang, Mingqi Fan & Sumei Liu. (2022) Impact of Seat Inclination and Misalignment on Airborne Pollutant Transport in a Single-Aisle Aircraft Cabin. Applied Sciences 12:9, pages 4538.
Crossref
Shuwen Zhou & Liwei Zhang. (2022) Research on Airflow Optimization and Infection Risk Assessment of Medical Cabin of Negative-Pressure Ambulance. Sustainability 14:9, pages 4900.
Crossref
Feng Wang, Ruoyu You, Tengfei Zhang & Qingyan Chen. (2022) Recent progress on studies of airborne infectious disease transmission, air quality, and thermal comfort in the airliner cabin air environment. Indoor Air 32:4.
Crossref
Shirun Ding, Jia Shing Lee, Mohamed Arif Mohamed & Bing Feng Ng. (2022) Infection risk of SARS-CoV-2 in a dining setting: Deposited droplets and aerosols. Building and Environment 213, pages 108888.
Crossref
J.A. Pavlik, I.G. Ludden & S.H. Jacobson. (2022) SARS-CoV-2 aerosol risk models for the Airplane Seating Assignment Problem. Journal of Air Transport Management 99, pages 102175.
Crossref
Simon Coldrick, Adrian Kelsey, Matthew J. Ivings, Timothy G. Foat, Simon T. Parker, Catherine J. Noakes, Allan Bennett, Helen Rickard & Ginny Moore. (2022) Modeling and experimental study of dispersion and deposition of respiratory emissions with implications for disease transmission. Indoor Air 32:2.
Crossref
Wenjie Huang & Chun Chen. (2022) An improved Markov chain model with modified turbulence diffusion for predicting indoor particle transport. Building and Environment 209, pages 108682.
Crossref
Jingcui Xu, Cunteng Wang, Sau Chung Fu & Christopher Y. H. Chao. (2021) The effect of head orientation and personalized ventilation on bioaerosol deposition from a cough. Indoor Air 32:1.
Crossref
Mingxin Liu, Junjie Liu, Qing Cao, Xingyang Li, Sumei Liu, Shengcheng Ji, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Xiong Shen, Zhengwei Long & Qingyan Chen. (2022) Evaluation of different air distribution systems in a commercial airliner cabin in terms of comfort and COVID-19 infection risk. Building and Environment 208, pages 108590.
Crossref
Qing Cao, Mingxin Liu, Xingyang Li, Chao-Hsin Lin, Daniel Wei, Shengcheng Ji, Tengfei (Tim) Zhang & Qingyan Chen. (2022) Influencing factors in the simulation of airflow and particle transportation in aircraft cabins by CFD. Building and Environment 207, pages 108413.
Crossref
Mouhammad El Hassan, Hassan Assoum, Nikolay Bukharin, Huda Al Otaibi, Md Mofijur & Anas Sakout. (2021) A review on the transmission of COVID-19 based on cough/sneeze/breath flows. The European Physical Journal Plus 137:1.
Crossref
Sean M. Kinahan, David B. Silcott, Blake E. Silcott, Ryan M. Silcott, Peter J. Silcott, Braden J. Silcott, Steven L. Distelhorst, Vicki L. Herrera, Danielle N. Rivera, Kevin K. Crown, Gabriel A. Lucero & Joshua L. Santarpia. (2021) Aerosol tracer testing in Boeing 767 and 777 aircraft to simulate exposure potential of infectious aerosol such as SARS-CoV-2. PLOS ONE 16:12, pages e0246916.
Crossref
Bo Zhang, Guangyu Guo, Chao Zhu, Zhiming Ji & Chao-Hsin Lin. (2020) Transport and trajectory of cough-induced bimodal aerosol in an air-conditioned space. Indoor and Built Environment 30:9, pages 1546-1567.
Crossref
Cunteng Wang, Jingcui Xu, Sau Chung Fu, Ka Chung Chan & Christopher Y. H. Chao. (2021) Respiratory bioaerosol deposition from a cough and recovery of viable viruses on nearby seats in a cabin environment. Indoor Air 31:6, pages 1913-1925.
Crossref
J-H. Thysen, T. van Hooff, B. Blocken & G.J.F. van Heijst. (2021) CFD simulations of two opposing plane wall jets in a generic empty airplane cabin: Comparison of RANS and LES. Building and Environment 205, pages 108174.
Crossref
Gerhard K. Rencken, Emma K. Rutherford, Nikhilesh Ghanta, John Kongoletos & Leon Glicksman. (2021) Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol spread in typical classrooms. Building and Environment 204, pages 108167.
Crossref
T. I. Zohdi. (2021) A Digital-Twin and Machine-Learning Framework for Ventilation System Optimization for Capturing Infectious Disease Respiratory Emissions. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering 28:6, pages 4317-4329.
Crossref
Sukrant Dhawan & Pratim Biswas. (2021) Aerosol Dynamics Model for Estimating the Risk from Short-Range Airborne Transmission and Inhalation of Expiratory Droplets of SARS-CoV-2. Environmental Science & Technology 55:13, pages 8987-8999.
Crossref
John A. Pavlik, Ian G. Ludden, Sheldon H. Jacobson & Edward C. Sewell. (2021) Airplane Seating Assignment Problem. Service Science 13:1, pages 1-18.
Crossref
Sai Ranjeet Narayanan & Suo Yang. (2021) Airborne transmission of virus-laden aerosols inside a music classroom: Effects of portable purifiers and aerosol injection rates. Physics of Fluids 33:3.
Crossref
Kishore Chakinala, K. Sravanthi & S.P. Jani. (2021) CFD analysis of environmental control system for an aircraft. Materials Today: Proceedings 46, pages 8502-8506.
Crossref
Siyao Shao, Dezhi Zhou, Ruichen He, Jiaqi Li, Shufan Zou, Kevin Mallery, Santosh Kumar, Suo Yang & Jiarong Hong. (2021) Risk assessment of airborne transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic individuals under different practical settings. Journal of Aerosol Science 151, pages 105661.
Crossref
Aisha N Khatib, Anna-Maria Carvalho, Robert Primavesi, Kent To & Vincent Poirier. (2020) Navigating the risks of flying during COVID-19: a review for safe air travel. Journal of Travel Medicine 27:8.
Crossref
Mara Otero Fernandez, Richard J. Thomas, Henry Oswin, Allen E. Haddrell & Jonathan P. Reid. (2020) Transformative Approach To Investigate the Microphysical Factors Influencing Airborne Transmission of Pathogens. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 86:23.
Crossref
Jeong-Gil Kim, Seung Hak Lee, Hansuk Kim, Hong Sang Oh & Jacob Lee. (2020) Air Evacuation of Passengers with Potential SARS-CoV-2 Infection Under the Guidelines for Appropriate Infection Control and Prevention. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives 11:5, pages 334-338.
Crossref
Ville Vuorinen, Mia Aarnio, Mikko Alava, Ville Alopaeus, Nina Atanasova, Mikko Auvinen, Nallannan Balasubramanian, Hadi Bordbar, Panu Erästö, Rafael Grande, Nick Hayward, Antti Hellsten, Simo Hostikka, Jyrki Hokkanen, Ossi Kaario, Aku Karvinen, Ilkka Kivistö, Marko Korhonen, Risto Kosonen, Janne Kuusela, Sami Lestinen, Erkki Laurila, Heikki J. Nieminen, Petteri Peltonen, Juho Pokki, Antti Puisto, Peter Råback, Henri Salmenjoki, Tarja Sironen & Monika Österberg. (2020) Modelling aerosol transport and virus exposure with numerical simulations in relation to SARS-CoV-2 transmission by inhalation indoors. Safety Science 130, pages 104866.
Crossref
Yongzhi Zhang, Jiayu Li, Mingxin Liu, Junjie Liu & Congcong Wang. (2020) Experimental investigation of large-scale flow structures in an aircraft cabin mock-up. Building and Environment 184, pages 107224.
Crossref
T. I. Zohdi. (2020) Modeling and simulation of the infection zone from a cough. Computational Mechanics 66:4, pages 1025-1034.
Crossref
Xianlin Shi & Xuhan Zhang. 2020. Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering. Man-Machine-Environment System Engineering 789 795 .
Jiayu Li, Xiaodong Cao, Junjie Liu, Krishna Mohanarangam & William Yang. (2018) PIV measurement of human thermal convection flow in a simplified vehicle cabin. Building and Environment 144, pages 305-315.
Crossref
Vicki Stover Hertzberg, Howard WeissLisa ElonWenpei SiSharon L. Norris, Helen Baker, Matthew Brouillette, Samantha Campillo, Elizabeth Charles, Megan Cohen, Michelle Dynes, Jiaxiang Gai, Kimberly Gajewski, Rachel Gordon-Roberts, Jose Guillen, Xavier Fernandez, Edith Higgins, Tiffany Hoyte, Shirin Jabbarzadeh, Valerie Mac, Lisa Matz, Carrie Oliver, Sudeshna Paul, Andrea Plotsky, Kristin Renneker, Jennifer Runkle, Amanda Schaupp, Marie Semple, Alex Uwillingiyimana, Yuke Wang, Emily Wright, Laura Wright & Hao Wu. (2018) Behaviors, movements, and transmission of droplet-mediated respiratory diseases during transcontinental airline flights. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115:14, pages 3623-3627.
Crossref
Rob Van Houdt, Eero Kokkonen, Matti Lehtimäki, Pertti Pasanen, Natalie Leys & Ilpo Kulmala. (2018) Requirements for modeling airborne microbial contamination in space stations. Acta Astronautica 144, pages 380-387.
Crossref
Hossam A. Elmaghraby, Yi Wai Chiang & Amir A. Aliabadi. (2018) Effect of Body Forces Due To Aircraft Acceleration on Ventilation Airflow and Contaminant Dispersion in Passenger Aircraft Cabins. Effect of Body Forces Due To Aircraft Acceleration on Ventilation Airflow and Contaminant Dispersion in Passenger Aircraft Cabins.
Yongzhi Zhang, Junjie Liu, Jingjing Pei, Jiayu Li & Congcong Wang. (2017) Performance evaluation of different air distribution systems in an aircraft cabin mockup. Aerospace Science and Technology 70, pages 359-366.
Crossref
Paulo Rogério CELLINE, Douglas FABICHAK JR.Arlindo TRIBESS. (2017) INFLUÊNCIA DE SISTEMA DE VENTILAÇÃO PERSONALIZADA INSTALADO NA POLTRONA NA DISPERSÃO DE PARTÍCULAS EXPIRATÓRIAS EM CABINE DE AERONAVE: RESULTADOS FINAIS. INFLUÊNCIA DE SISTEMA DE VENTILAÇÃO PERSONALIZADA INSTALADO NA POLTRONA NA DISPERSÃO DE PARTÍCULAS EXPIRATÓRIAS EM CABINE DE AERONAVE: RESULTADOS FINAIS.
Congcong Wang, Junjie Liu, Jiayu Li, Yong Guo & Nan Jiang. (2017) Turbulence characterization of instantaneous airflow in an aisle of an aircraft cabin mockup. Building and Environment 116, pages 207-217.
Crossref
L. Liu, Y. Li, P. V. Nielsen, J. Wei & R. L. Jensen. (2017) Short-range airborne transmission of expiratory droplets between two people. Indoor Air 27:2, pages 452-462.
Crossref
Jianjian Wei & Yuguo Li. (2017) Human Cough as a Two-Stage Jet and Its Role in Particle Transport. PLOS ONE 12:1, pages e0169235.
Crossref
S. Namilae, A. Srinivasan, A. Mubayi, M. Scotch & R. Pahle. (2017) Self-propelled pedestrian dynamics model: Application to passenger movement and infection propagation in airplanes. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 465, pages 248-260.
Crossref
Paulo Rogério CELLINE, Douglas FABICHAK JR & Arlindo TRIBESS. (2016) Influência de sistema de ventilação personalizada instalado na poltrona na dispersão de partículas expiratórias em cabine de aeronave. Influência de sistema de ventilação personalizada instalado na poltrona na dispersão de partículas expiratórias em cabine de aeronave.
Fei Li, Junjie Liu, Jianlin Ren, Xiaodong Cao & Yifang Zhu. (2016) Numerical investigation of airborne contaminant transport under different vortex structures in the aircraft cabin. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 96, pages 287-295.
Crossref
B. Kolarik, Z. Jovanovic Andersen, T. Ibfelt, E. Hoj Engelund, E. Møller & E. Vaclavik Bräuner. (2016) Ventilation in day care centers and sick leave among nursery children. Indoor Air 26:2, pages 157-167.
Crossref
Xiaodong Cao, Jiayu Li, Junjie Liu & William Yang. (2016) 2D-PIV measurement of isothermal air jets from a multi-slot diffuser in aircraft cabin environment. Building and Environment 99, pages 44-58.
Crossref
Jiayu Li, Xiaodong Cao, Junjie Liu, Congcong Wang & Yongzhi Zhang. (2015) Global airflow field distribution in a cabin mock-up measured via large-scale 2D-PIV. Building and Environment 93, pages 234-244.
Crossref
Zhuyang Han, Gin Nam Sze To, Sau Chung Fu, Christopher Yu-Hang Chao, Wenguo Weng & Quanyi Huang. (2014) Effect of human movement on airborne disease transmission in an airplane cabin: study using numerical modeling and quantitative risk analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases 14:1.
Crossref
Xiaodong Cao, Junjie Liu, Jingjing Pei, Yun Zhang, Jiayu Li & Xueliang Zhu. (2014) 2D-PIV measurement of aircraft cabin air distribution with a high spatial resolution. Building and Environment 82, pages 9-19.
Crossref
Haitao Wang, Miaoda Lin & Yan Chen. (2014) Performance evaluation of air distribution systems in three different China railway high-speed train cabins using numerical simulation. Building Simulation 7:6, pages 629-638.
Crossref
Gin Nam Sze‐To, Yang Yang, Joseph K. C. Kwan, Samuel C. T. Yu & Christopher Y. H. Chao. (2013) Effects of Surface Material, Ventilation, and Human Behavior on Indirect Contact Transmission Risk of Respiratory Infection. Risk Analysis 34:5, pages 818-830.
Crossref
Fei Li, Junjie Liu, Jingjing Pei, Chao-Hsin Lin & Qingyan Chen. (2014) Experimental study of gaseous and particulate contaminants distribution in an aircraft cabin. Atmospheric Environment 85, pages 223-233.
Crossref
Xiaodong Cao, Junjie Liu, Nan Jiang & Qingyan Chen. (2014) Particle image velocimetry measurement of indoor airflow field: A review of the technologies and applications. Energy and Buildings 69, pages 367-380.
Crossref
Z. Y. Han, W. G. Weng & Q. Y. Huang. (2013) Characterizations of particle size distribution of the droplets exhaled by sneeze. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10:88, pages 20130560.
Crossref
I. Olmedo, P. V. Nielsen, M. Ruiz de Adana & R. L. Jensen. (2013) The risk of airborne cross-infection in a room with vertical low-velocity ventilation. Indoor Air 23:1, pages 62-73.
Crossref
Jitendra K. Gupta, Chao-Hsin Lin & Qingyan Chen. (2012) Risk assessment of airborne infectious diseases in aircraft cabins. Indoor Air 22:5, pages 388-395.
Crossref
Farhad Memarzadeh & Weiran Xu. (2011) Role of air changes per hour (ACH) in possible transmission of airborne infections. Building Simulation 5:1, pages 15-28.
Crossref
Wei Liu, Sagnik Mazumdar, Zhao Zhang, Stephane B. Poussou, Junjie Liu, Chao-Hsin Lin & Qingyan Chen. (2012) State-of-the-art methods for studying air distributions in commercial airliner cabins. Building and Environment 47, pages 5-12.
Crossref
S. Yin, G.N. Sze-To & Christopher Y.H. Chao. (2012) Retrospective analysis of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis outbreak during a flight using computational fluid dynamics and infection risk assessment. Building and Environment 47, pages 50-57.
Crossref
Sagnik Mazumdar, Stephane B. Poussou, Chao-Hsin Lin, Sastry S. Isukapalli, Michael W. Plesniak & Qingyan Chen. (2011) Impact of scaling and body movement on contaminant transport in airliner cabins. Atmospheric Environment 45:33, pages 6019-6028.
Crossref
Gin Nam Sze‐To & Christopher Y. H. Chao. (2010) Use of Risk Assessment and Likelihood Estimation to Analyze Spatial Distribution Pattern of Respiratory Infection Cases. Risk Analysis 31:3, pages 351-369.
Crossref
Jitendra K. Gupta, Chao-Hsin Lin & Qingyan Chen. (2011) Transport of expiratory droplets in an aircraft cabin. Indoor Air 21:1, pages 3-11.
Crossref
Qibin He, Jianlei Niu, Naiping Gao, Tong Zhu & Jiazheng Wu. (2011) CFD study of exhaled droplet transmission between occupants under different ventilation strategies in a typical office room. Building and Environment 46:2, pages 397-408.
Crossref
Amir A. Aliabadi, Steven N. Rogak, Karen H. Bartlett & Sheldon I. Green. (2011) Preventing Airborne Disease Transmission: Review of Methods for Ventilation Design in Health Care Facilities. Advances in Preventive Medicine 2011, pages 1-21.
Crossref
Sandro Tavares Conceição, Marcelo Luiz Pereira & Arlindo Tribess. (2011) A Review of Methods Applied to Study Airborne Biocontaminants inside Aircraft Cabins. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2011, pages 1-15.
Crossref
G. N. Sze To & C. Y. H. Chao. (2010) Review and comparison between the WellsâRiley and dose-response approaches to risk assessment of infectious respiratory diseases. Indoor Air 20:1, pages 2-16.
Crossref
Jovan Pantelic, Gin Nam Sze-To, Kwok Wai Tham, Christopher Y. H. Chao & Yong Chuan Mike Khoo. (2009) Personalized ventilation as a control measure for airborne transmissible disease spread. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6:suppl_6.
Crossref
Alireza Bahramian, Maryam Mohammadi & Goodarz Ahmadi. (2022) Effect of Indoor Temperature on the Velocity Fields and Airborne Transmission of Sneeze Droplets and its Impact on the Infectious Risk of COVID-19: An Experimental Study and Transient CFD Modeling. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.