Advanced search
Publication Cover
Aerosol Science and Technology Volume 8, 1988 - Issue 3
Submit an article Journal homepage
1,185
Views
164
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Design and Calibration of a Counterflow Virtual Impactor for Sampling of Atmospheric Fog and Cloud Droplets

Kevin J. Noone Department of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Arrhenius Laboratory, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
,
John A. Ogren Department of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Arrhenius Laboratory, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Jost Heintzenberg Department of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Arrhenius Laboratory, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
,
Robert J. Charlson Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Univesity of Washington, Seatle, WA, 98195
&
David S. Covert Department of Environmental Health, Univesity of Washington, Seatle, WA, 98195
Pages 235-244 | Received 23 Mar 1987, Accepted 28 Jul 1987, Published online: 07 Jun 2007

Citations (164)

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Subscribe to citation updates

Read on this site (24)

G. Saliba, K. J. Sanchez, L. M. Russell, C. H. Twohy, G. C. Roberts, S. Lewis, J. Dedrick, C. S. McCluskey, K. Moore, P. J. DeMott & D. W. Toohey. (2021) Organic composition of three different size ranges of aerosol particles over the Southern Ocean. Aerosol Science and Technology 55:3, pages 268-288.
Read now
Emelie Linnéa Graham, Paul Zieger, Claudia Mohr, Ulla Wideqvist, Tabea Hennig, Annica M. L. Ekman, Radovan Krejci, Johan Ström & Ilona Riipinen. (2020) Physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles and cloud residuals on Mt. Åreskutan in Central Sweden during summer 2014. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 72:1, pages 1-16.
Read now
MikhailS. Pekour & DanielJ. Cziczo. (2011) Wake Capture, Particle Breakup, and Other Artifacts Associated with Counterflow Virtual Impaction. Aerosol Science and Technology 45:6, pages 758-764.
Read now
Gourihar Kulkarni, Mikhail Pekour, Armin Afchine, DanielM. Murphy & DanielJ. Cziczo. (2011) Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Studies of the Performance Characteristics of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology 45:3, pages 382-392.
Read now
Shishan Hu, DanielE. LaCroix & AndrewR. McFarland. (2009) Stagnation Point Displacement: Control of Losses on a Conically Shaped Aerosol Distributor. Aerosol Science and Technology 43:4, pages 311-321.
Read now
RobertJ. Osborn, NathanF. Taylor, ChanceW. Spencer & DonR. Collins. (2008) Isolation of Ambient Particles of Known Critical Supersaturation: The Differential Activation Separator (DAS). Aerosol Science and Technology 42:9, pages 759-772.
Read now
Sang-Rin Lee, ThomasM Holsen & Suresh Dhaniyala. (2008) Design and Development of Novel Large Particle Inlet for PM Larger Than 10 μm (PM ). Aerosol Science and Technology 42:2, pages 140-151.
Read now
J.E. Boulter, D.J. Cziczo, A.M. Middlebrook, D.S. Thomson & D.M. Murphy. (2006) Design and Performance of a Pumped Counterflow Virtual Impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology 40:11, pages 969-976.
Read now
Prachi Middha & AnthonyS. Wexler$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2006) Design of a Slot Nanoparticle Virtual Impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology 40:10, pages 737-743.
Read now
Junhong Chen, William C. Conant, Tracey A. Rissman, Richard C. Flagan & John H. Seinfeld. (2005) Effect of Angle of Attack on the Performance of an Airborne Counterflow Virtual Impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology 39:6, pages 485-491.
Read now
Paul Glantz & Kevin J. Noone. (2000) A physically-based algorithm for estimating the relationship between aerosol mass and cloud droplet number. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 52:5, pages 1216-1231.
Read now
Doug W. Johnson, Simon Osborne, Robert Wood, Karsten Suhre, Randy Johnson, Steven Businger, Patricia K. Quinn, Alfred Wiedensohler, Philip A. Durkee, Lynn M. Russell, Meinrat O. Andreae, Colin O’Dowd, Kevin J. Noone, Brian Bandy, J. Rudolph & Spyros Rapsomanikis. (2000) An overview of the Lagrangian experiments undertaken during the North Atlantic regional Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-2). Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 52:2, pages 290-320.
Read now
A. Hallberg, K. J. Noone & J. A. Ogren. (1998) Aerosol particles and clouds: which particles form cloud droplets?. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 50:1, pages 59-75.
Read now
CynthiaH. Twohy. (1998) Model Calculations and Wind Tunnel Testing of an Isokinetic Shroud for High-Speed Sampling. Aerosol Science and Technology 29:4, pages 261-280.
Read now
MaryL. Laucks & CynthiaH. Twohy. (1998) Size-Dependent Collection Efficiency of an Airborne Counter flow Virtual Impactor. Aerosol Science and Technology 28:1, pages 40-61.
Read now
TheodoreL. Anderson, RobertJ. Charlson & DavidS. Covert. (1993) Calibration of a Counterflow Virtual Impactor at Aerodynamic Diameters from 1 to 15 μm. Aerosol Science and Technology 19:3, pages 317-329.
Read now
B. G. Arends, G. P. A. Kos, W. Wobrock, D. Schell, K. J. Noone, S. Fuzzi & S. Pahl. (1992) Comparison of techniques for measurements of fog liquid water content. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 44:5, pages 604-611.
Read now
Kevin J. Noone, John A. Ogren, Anneli Hallberg, Hans-Christen Hansson, Alfred Wiedensohler & Erik Swietlicki. (1992) A statistical examination of the chemical differences between interstitial and scavenged aerosol. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 44:5, pages 581-592.
Read now
A. Hallberg, J. A. Ogren, K. J. Noone, J. Heintzenberg, A. Berner, I. Solly, C. Kruisz, G. Reischl, S. Fuzzi, M. C. Facchini, H.-C. Hansson, A. Wiedensohler & I. B. Svenningsson. (1992) Phase partitioning for different aerosol species in fog. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 44:5, pages 545-555.
Read now
Kevin J. Noone, John A. Ogren, Anneli Hallberg, Jost Heintzenberg, Johan StrÖm, Hans-Christen Hansson, Birgitta Svenningsson, Alfred Wiedensohler, Sandro Fuzzi, Maria Christina Facchini, Beate G. Arends & Axel Berner. (1992) Changes in aerosol size- and phase distributions due to physical and chemical processes in fog. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 44:5, pages 489-504.
Read now
S. Fuzzi, M. C. Facchini, G. Orsi, J. A. Lind, W. Wobrock, M. Kessel, R. Maser, W. Jaeschke, K. H. Enderle, B. G. Arends, A. Berner, I. Solly, C. Kruisz, G. Reischl, S. Pahl, U. Kaminski, P. Winkler, J. A. Ogren, K. J. Noone, A. Hallberg, H. Fierlinger-Oberlinninger, H. Puxbaum, A. Marzorati, H.-C. Hansson, A. Wiedensohler, I. B. Svenningsson, B. G. Martinsson, D. Schell & H. W. Georgii. (1992) The Po Valley Fog Experiment 1989. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 44:5, pages 448-468.
Read now
John A. Ogren & Robert J. Charlson. (1992) Implications for models and measurements of chemical inhomogeneities among cloud droplets. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 44:3, pages 208-225.
Read now
Kevin J. Noone, John A. Ogren, K. Birgitta Noone, Anneli Hallberg, Sandro Fuzzi & John A. Lind. (1991) Measurements of the partitioning of hydrogen peroxide in a stratiform cloud. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 43:3, pages 280-290.
Read now
J. A. Ogren, J. Heintzenberg, A. Zuber, K. J. Noone & R. J. Charlson. (1989) Measurements of the size-dependence of solute concentrations in cloud droplets. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 41:1, pages 24-31.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (140)

Gabriel Pereira Freitas, Ben Kopec, Kouji Adachi, Radovan Krejci, Dominic Heslin-Rees, Karl Espen Yttri, Alun Hubbard, Jeffrey M. Welker & Paul Zieger. (2024) Contribution of fluorescent primary biological aerosol particles to low-level Arctic cloud residuals. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24:9, pages 5479-5494.
Crossref
Mahen Konwar, Benjamin Werden, Edward C. Fortner, Sudarsan Bera, Mercy Varghese, Subharthi Chowdhuri, Kurt Hibert, Philip Croteau, John Jayne, Manjula Canagaratna, Neelam Malap, Sandeep Jayakumar, Shivsai A. Dixit, Palani Murugavel, Duncan Axisa, Darrel Baumgardner, Peter F. DeCarlo, Doug R. Worsnop & Thara Prabhakaran. (2024) Identifying the seeding signature in cloud particles from hydrometeor residuals. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 17:8, pages 2387-2400.
Crossref
Liansi Sun, Yin Cheng, Jiaoshi Zhang, Dexia Wu, Jie Wang, Yixin Yang & Huaqiao Gui. (2024) Development of a multi-stage fog droplet screening system based on the virtual impact principle. Review of Scientific Instruments 95:3.
Crossref
Kathryn A. Moore, Thomas C. J. Hill, Christina S. McCluskey, Cynthia H. Twohy, Bryan Rainwater, Darin W. Toohey, Kevin J. Sanchez, Sonia M. Kreidenweis & Paul J. DeMott. (2024) Characterizing Ice Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean Using Simultaneous Aircraft and Ship Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 129:2.
Crossref
G. Saliba, D. M. Bell, K. J. Suski, J. D. Fast, D. Imre, G. Kulkarni, F. Mei, J. H. Mülmenstädt, M. Pekour, J. E. Shilling, J. Tomlinson, A. C. Varble, J. Wang, J. A. Thornton & A. Zelenyuk. (2023) Aircraft measurements of single particle size and composition reveal aerosol size and mixing state dictate their activation into cloud droplets. Environmental Science: Atmospheres 3:9, pages 1352-1364.
Crossref
Marco Zanatta, Stephan Mertes, Olivier Jourdan, Regis Dupuy, Emma Järvinen, Martin Schnaiter, Oliver Eppers, Johannes Schneider, Zsófia Jurányi & Andreas Herber. (2023) Airborne investigation of black carbon interaction with low-level, persistent, mixed-phase clouds in the Arctic summer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23:14, pages 7955-7973.
Crossref
Yvette Gramlich, Karolina Siegel, Sophie L. Haslett, Gabriel Freitas, Radovan Krejci, Paul Zieger & Claudia Mohr. (2023) Revealing the chemical characteristics of Arctic low-level cloud residuals – in situ observations from a mountain site. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23:12, pages 6813-6834.
Crossref
Pierre Coutris, Guy Febvre, Louis Jaffeux, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Fabien Dezitter, Anne-Claire Billault-Roux, Jacopo Grazioli, Alexis Berne, Susana Jorquera & Julien Delanoe. Assessing Mixed-Phase Conditions during the ICE GENESIS Snow Measurement Campaign. Assessing Mixed-Phase Conditions during the ICE GENESIS Snow Measurement Campaign.
Christina S. McCluskey, Andrew Gettelman, Charles G. Bardeen, Paul J. DeMott, Kathryn A. Moore, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Thomas C. J. Hill, Kevin R. Barry, Cynthia H. Twohy, Darin W. Toohey, Bryan Rainwater, Jorgen B. Jensen, John M. Reeves, Simon P. Alexander & Greg M. McFarquhar. (2023) Simulating Southern Ocean Aerosol and Ice Nucleating Particles in the Community Earth System Model Version 2. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 128:8.
Crossref
Leopoldo Stefanutti, Guido Di Donfrancesco & Rodolfo Guzzi. 2006. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry 1 42 .
Kouji Adachi, Yutaka Tobo, Makoto Koike, Gabriel Freitas, Paul Zieger & Radovan Krejci. (2022) Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22:21, pages 14421-14439.
Crossref
Ramon C. Braga, Daniel Rosenfeld, Meinrat O. Andreae, Christopher Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Christiane Voigt, Bernadett Weinzierl, Manfred Wendisch, Mira L. Pöhlker & Daniel Harrison. (2022) Detrainment Dominates CCN Concentrations Around Non‐Precipitating Convective Clouds Over the Amazon. Geophysical Research Letters 49:20.
Crossref
Linn Karlsson, Andrea Baccarini, Patrick Duplessis, Darrel Baumgardner, Ian M. Brooks, Rachel Y.‐W. Chang, Lubna Dada, Kaspar R. Dällenbach, Liine Heikkinen, Radovan Krejci, W. Richard Leaitch, Caroline Leck, Daniel G. Partridge, Matthew E. Salter, Heini Wernli, Michael J. Wheeler, Julia Schmale & Paul Zieger. (2022) Physical and Chemical Properties of Cloud Droplet Residuals and Aerosol Particles During the Arctic Ocean 2018 Expedition. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 127:11.
Crossref
Susannah M. Burrows, Christina S. McCluskey, Gavin Cornwell, Isabelle Steinke, Kai Zhang, Bin Zhao, Maria Zawadowicz, Aishwarya Raman, Gourihar Kulkarni, Swarup China, Alla Zelenyuk & Paul J. DeMott. (2022) Ice‐Nucleating Particles That Impact Clouds and Climate: Observational and Modeling Research Needs. Reviews of Geophysics 60:2.
Crossref
Dean Henze, David Noone & Darin Toohey. (2022) Aircraft measurements of water vapor heavy isotope ratios in the marine boundary layer and lower troposphere during ORACLES. Earth System Science Data 14:4, pages 1811-1829.
Crossref
Cynthia H. Twohy, Darin W. Toohey, Ezra J. T. Levin, Paul J. DeMott, Bryan Rainwater, Lauren A. Garofalo, Matson A. Pothier, Delphine K. Farmer, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Shane M. Murphy, J. Michael Reeves, Kathryn A. Moore & Emily V. Fischer. (2021) Biomass Burning Smoke and Its Influence on Clouds Over the Western U. S.. Geophysical Research Letters 48:15.
Crossref
Linn Karlsson, Radovan Krejci, Makoto Koike, Kerstin Ebell & Paul Zieger. (2021) A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21:11, pages 8933-8959.
Crossref
Isabel L. McCoy, Christopher S. Bretherton, Robert Wood, Cynthia H. Twohy, Andrew Gettelman, Charles G. Bardeen & Darin W. Toohey. (2021) Influences of Recent Particle Formation on Southern Ocean Aerosol Variability and Low Cloud Properties. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 126:8.
Crossref
Cynthia H. Twohy, Paul J. DeMott, Lynn M. Russell, Darin W. Toohey, Bryan Rainwater, Roy Geiss, Kevin J. Sanchez, Savannah Lewis, Gregory C. Roberts, Ruhi S. Humphries, Christina S. McCluskey, Kathryn A. Moore, Paul W. Selleck, Melita D. Keywood, Jason P. Ward & Ian M. McRobert. (2021) Cloud‐Nucleating Particles Over the Southern Ocean in a Changing Climate. Earth's Future 9:3.
Crossref
Antti Ruuskanen, Sami Romakkaniemi, Harri Kokkola, Antti Arola, Santtu Mikkonen, Harri Portin, Annele Virtanen, Kari E. J. Lehtinen, Mika Komppula & Ari Leskinen. (2021) Observations on aerosol optical properties and scavenging during cloud events. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21:3, pages 1683-1695.
Crossref
Bülent Oktay AKKOYUNLU, Ilker ORUC, Emre ALPMAN, Barış DOĞAN & Hakkı BALTACI. (2021) İnsansız Hava Aracı ile Atmosferik Parçacık Örnekleme Sisteminin Dizaynı ve Yapımı. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 33:1, pages 90-96.
Crossref
Jørgen B. Jensen, Stuart P. Beaton, Jeffrey L. Stith, Karl Schwenz, Marilé Colón-Robles, Robert M. Rauber & John Gras. (2020) The Giant Nucleus Impactor (GNI)—A System for the Impaction and Automated Optical Sizing of Giant Aerosol Particles with Emphasis on Sea Salt. Part I: Basic Instrument and Algorithms. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 37:9, pages 1551-1569.
Crossref
Jeana Mascio, Greg M. McFarquhar, Tsung‐Lin Hsieh, Matt Freer, Amanda Dooley & Andrew J. Heymsfield. (2020) The use of gamma distributions to quantify the dependence of cloud particle size distributions in hurricanes on cloud and environmental conditions. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 146:730, pages 2116-2137.
Crossref
Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Markus Petters & Ulrike Lohmann. (2019) 100 Years of Progress in Cloud Physics, Aerosols, and Aerosol Chemistry Research. Meteorological Monographs 59, pages 11.1-11.72.
Crossref
Jun-Ichi Yano, Andrew J. Heymsfield & Aaron Bansemer. (2018) Determination of the Ice Particle Size Distributions Using Observations as the Integrated Constraints. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75:3, pages 787-804.
Crossref
Ivan Coluzza, Jessie Creamean, Michel Rossi, Heike Wex, Peter Alpert, Valentino Bianco, Yvonne Boose, Christoph Dellago, Laura Felgitsch, Janine Fröhlich-Nowoisky, Hartmut Herrmann, Swetlana Jungblut, Zamin Kanji, Georg Menzl, Bruce Moffett, Clemens Moritz, Anke Mutzel, Ulrich Pöschl, Michael Schauperl, Jan Scheel, Emiliano Stopelli, Frank Stratmann, Hinrich Grothe & David Schmale. (2017) Perspectives on the Future of Ice Nucleation Research: Research Needs and Unanswered Questions Identified from Two International Workshops. Atmosphere 8:8, pages 138.
Crossref
Luis A. Ladino, Alexei Korolev, Ivan Heckman, Mengistu Wolde, Ann M. Fridlind & Andrew S. Ackerman. (2017) On the role of ice‐nucleating aerosol in the formation of ice particles in tropical mesoscale convective systems. Geophysical Research Letters 44:3, pages 1574-1582.
Crossref
A. Korolev, G. McFarquhar, P. R. Field, C. Franklin, P. Lawson, Z. Wang, E. Williams, S. J. Abel, D. Axisa, S. Borrmann, J. Crosier, J. Fugal, M. Krämer, U. Lohmann, O. Schlenczek, M. Schnaiter & M. Wendisch. (2017) Mixed-Phase Clouds: Progress and Challenges. Meteorological Monographs 58, pages 5.1-5.50.
Crossref
D. Baumgardner, S. J. Abel, D. Axisa, R. Cotton, J. Crosier, P. Field, C. Gurganus, A. Heymsfield, A. Korolev, M. Krämer, P. Lawson, G. McFarquhar, Z. Ulanowski & J. Um. (2017) Cloud Ice Properties: In Situ Measurement Challenges. Meteorological Monographs 58, pages 9.1-9.23.
Crossref
Daniel J. Cziczo, Luis Ladino, Yvonne Boose, Zamin A. Kanji, Piotr Kupiszewski, Sara Lance, Stephan Mertes & Heike Wex. (2017) Measurements of Ice Nucleating Particles and Ice Residuals. Meteorological Monographs 58, pages 8.1-8.13.
Crossref
Greg M. McFarquhar, Darrel Baumgardner, Aaron Bansemer, Steven J. Abel, Jonathan Crosier, Jeff French, Phil Rosenberg, Alexei Korolev, Alfons Schwarzoenboeck, Delphine Leroy, Junshik Um, Wei Wu, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Cynthia Twohy, Andrew Detwiler, Paul Field, Andrea Neumann, Richard Cotton, Duncan Axisa & Jiayin Dong. (2017) Processing of Ice Cloud In Situ Data Collected by Bulk Water, Scattering, and Imaging Probes: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, and Efforts toward Consistency. Meteorological Monographs 58, pages 11.1-11.33.
Crossref
Jing Yang, Zhien Wang, Andrew Heymsfield & Tao Luo. (2016) Liquid–Ice Mass Partition in Tropical Maritime Convective Clouds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73:12, pages 4959-4978.
Crossref
Naruki Hiranuma, Ottmar Möhler, Gourihar Kulkarni, Martin Schnaiter, Steffen Vogt, Paul Vochezer, Emma Järvinen, Robert Wagner, David M. Bell, Jacqueline Wilson, Alla Zelenyuk & Daniel J. Cziczo. (2016) Development and characterization of an ice-selecting pumped counterflow virtual impactor (IS-PCVI) to study ice crystal residuals. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9:8, pages 3817-3836.
Crossref
K. J. Sanchez, L. M. Russell, R. L. Modini, A. A. Frossard, L. Ahlm, C. E. Corrigan, G. C. Roberts, L. N. Hawkins, J. C. Schroder, A. K. Bertram, R. Zhao, A. K. Y. Lee, J. J. Lin, A. Nenes, Z. Wang, A. Wonaschütz, A. Sorooshian, K. J. Noone, H. Jonsson, D. Toom, A. M. Macdonald, W. R. Leaitch & J. H. Seinfeld. (2016) Meteorological and aerosol effects on marine cloud microphysical properties. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121:8, pages 4142-4161.
Crossref
Akua Asa-Awuku, Armin Sorooshian, Richard Flagan, John Seinfeld & Athanasios Nenes. (2015) CCN Properties of Organic Aerosol Collected Below and within Marine Stratocumulus Clouds near Monterey, California. Atmosphere 6:11, pages 1590-1607.
Crossref
R. L. Modini, A. A. Frossard, L. Ahlm, L. M. Russell, C. E. Corrigan, G. C. Roberts, L. N. Hawkins, J. C. Schroder, A. K. Bertram, R. Zhao, A. K. Y. Lee, J. P. D. Abbatt, J. Lin, A. Nenes, Z. Wang, A. Wonaschütz, A. Sorooshian, K. J. Noone, H. Jonsson, J. H. Seinfeld, D. Toom‐Sauntry, A. M. Macdonald & W. R. Leaitch. (2015) Primary marine aerosol‐cloud interactions off the coast of California. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120:9, pages 4282-4303.
Crossref
Maximilian Maahn, Ulrich Löhnert, Pavlos Kollias, Robert C. Jackson & Greg M. McFarquhar. (2015) Developing and Evaluating Ice Cloud Parameterizations for Forward Modeling of Radar Moments Using in situ Aircraft Observations. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32:5, pages 880-903.
Crossref
Jingyu Wang, Xiquan Dong & Baike Xi. (2015) Investigation of ice cloud microphysical properties of DCSs using aircraft in situ measurements during MC3E over the ARM SGP site. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120:8, pages 3533-3552.
Crossref
J. C. Schroder, S. J. Hanna, R. L. Modini, A. L. Corrigan, S. M. Kreidenwies, A. M. Macdonald, K. J. Noone, L. M. Russell, W. R. Leaitch & A. K. Bertram. (2015) Size-resolved observations of refractory black carbon particles in cloud droplets at a marine boundary layer site. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15:3, pages 1367-1383.
Crossref
Cynthia H. Twohy. (2015) Measurements of Saharan Dust in Convective Clouds over the Tropical Eastern Atlantic Ocean*. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72:1, pages 75-81.
Crossref
R. Zhao, A. K. Y. Lee, J. J. B. Wentzell, A. M. Mcdonald, D. Toom‐Sauntry, W. R. Leaitch, R. L. Modini, A. L. Corrigan, L. M. Russell, K. J. Noone, J. C. Schroder, A. K. Bertram, L. N. Hawkins, J. P. D. Abbatt & J. Liggio. (2014) Cloud partitioning of isocyanic acid (HNCO) and evidence of secondary source of HNCO in ambient air. Geophysical Research Letters 41:19, pages 6962-6969.
Crossref
S. J. Abel, R. J. Cotton, P. A. Barrett & A. K. Vance. (2014) A comparison of ice water content measurement techniques on the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7:9, pages 3007-3022.
Crossref
Christos D. GeorgiouDavid W. Deamer. (2014) Lipids as Universal Biomarkers of Extraterrestrial Life. Astrobiology 14:6, pages 541-549.
Crossref
M. I. A. Berghof, G. P. Frank, S. Sjogren & B. G. Martinsson. (2014) Inversion of droplet aerosol analyzer data for long-term aerosol–cloud interaction measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7:4, pages 877-886.
Crossref
. 2013. Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research. Airborne Measurements for Environmental Research 551 640 .
C. H. Twohy, J. R. Anderson, D. W. Toohey, M. Andrejczuk, A. Adams, M. Lytle, R. C. George, R. Wood, P. Saide, S. Spak, P. Zuidema & D. Leon. (2013) Impacts of aerosol particles on the microphysical and radiative properties of stratocumulus clouds over the southeast Pacific Ocean. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13:5, pages 2541-2562.
Crossref
Robert C. Jackson, Greg M. McFarquhar, Alexei V. Korolev, Michael E. Earle, Peter S. K. Liu, R. Paul Lawson, Sarah Brooks, Mengistu Wolde, Alexander Laskin & Matt Freer. (2012) The dependence of ice microphysics on aerosol concentration in arctic mixed‐phase stratus clouds during ISDAC and M‐PACE. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 117:D15.
Crossref
T. Shingler, S. Dey, A. Sorooshian, F. J. Brechtel, Z. Wang, A. Metcalf, M. Coggon, J. Mülmenstädt, L. M. Russell, H. H. Jonsson & J. H. Seinfeld. (2012) Characterisation and airborne deployment of a new counterflow virtual impactor inlet. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 5:6, pages 1259-1269.
Crossref
D. Baumgardner, J.L. Brenguier, A. Bucholtz, H. Coe, P. DeMott, T.J. Garrett, J.F. Gayet, M. Hermann, A. Heymsfield, A. Korolev, M. Krämer, A. Petzold, W. Strapp, P. Pilewskie, J. Taylor, C. Twohy, M. Wendisch, W. Bachalo & P. Chuang. (2011) Airborne instruments to measure atmospheric aerosol particles, clouds and radiation: A cook's tour of mature and emerging technology. Atmospheric Research 102:1-2, pages 10-29.
Crossref
German Vidaurre, John Hallett & David C. Rogers. (2011) Airborne Measurement of Liquid and Total Water Content. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28:9, pages 1088-1103.
Crossref
J. G. Slowik, D. J. Cziczo & J. P. D. Abbatt. (2011) Analysis of cloud condensation nuclei composition and growth kinetics using a pumped counterflow virtual impactor and aerosol mass spectrometer. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 4:8, pages 1677-1688.
Crossref
Kenneth E. Noll & Dhesikan Venkatesan. 2011. Aerosol Measurement. Aerosol Measurement 739 750 .
James C. Wilson & Haflidi Jonsson. 2011. Aerosol Measurement. Aerosol Measurement 655 665 .
Kerri A. Pratt, Cynthia H. Twohy, Shane M. Murphy, Ryan C. Moffet, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Cassandra J. Gaston, Paul J. DeMott, Paul R. Field, Tobias R. Henn, David C. Rogers, Mary K. Gilles, John H. Seinfeld & Kimberly A. Prather. (2010) Observation of playa salts as nuclei in orographic wave clouds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 115:D15.
Crossref
Kerri A. Pratt, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Cynthia H. Twohy, Shane M. Murphy, Paul J. DeMott, James G. Hudson, R. Subramanian, Zhien Wang, John H. Seinfeld & Kimberly A. Prather. (2010) In Situ Chemical Characterization of Aged Biomass-Burning Aerosols Impacting Cold Wave Clouds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67:8, pages 2451-2468.
Crossref
Cynthia H. Twohy, Paul J. DeMott, Kerri A. Pratt, R. Subramanian, Gregory L. Kok, Shane M. Murphy, Traci Lersch, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Zhien Wang, Kim A. Prather & John H. Seinfeld. (2010) Relationships of Biomass-Burning Aerosols to Ice in Orographic Wave Clouds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67:8, pages 2437-2450.
Crossref
T. Eidhammer, P. J. DeMott, A. J. Prenni, M. D. Petters, C. H. Twohy, D. C. Rogers, J. Stith, A. Heymsfield, Z. Wang, K. A. Pratt, K. A. Prather, S. M. Murphy, J. H. Seinfeld, R. Subramanian & S. M. Kreidenweis. (2010) Ice Initiation by Aerosol Particles: Measured and Predicted Ice Nuclei Concentrations versus Measured Ice Crystal Concentrations in an Orographic Wave Cloud. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67:8, pages 2417-2436.
Crossref
Seung-Won Kim. (2010) Critical Review on Evaporative Loss of Semivolatile Aerosols during Sampling. Korean Journal of Environmental Health Sciences 36:3, pages 171-181.
Crossref
P. J. DeMottA. J. PrenniX. LiuS. M. KreidenweisM. D. PettersC. H. TwohyM. S. RichardsonT. Eidhammer & D. C. Rogers. (2010) Predicting global atmospheric ice nuclei distributions and their impacts on climate. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:25, pages 11217-11222.
Crossref
I. Petropavlovskikh, E. Ray, S. M. Davis, K. Rosenlof, G. Manney, R. Shetter, S. R. Hall, K. Ullmann, L. Pfister, J. Hair, M. Fenn, M. Avery & A. M. Thompson. (2010) Low‐ozone bubbles observed in the tropical tropopause layer during the TC4 campaign in 2007. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 115:D10.
Crossref
H. Joos, P. Spichtinger & U. Lohmann. (2009) Orographic cirrus in a future climate. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9:20, pages 7825-7845.
Crossref
Leopoldo Stefanutti, Guido Di Donfrancesco & Francesco Cairo. 2007. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry.
German Vidaurre & John Hallett. (2009) Particle Impact and Breakup in Aircraft Measurement. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26:5, pages 972-983.
Crossref
D. D. Parrish, D. T. Allen, T. S. Bates, M. Estes, F. C. Fehsenfeld, G. Feingold, R. Ferrare, R. M. Hardesty, J. F. Meagher, J. W. Nielsen‐Gammon, R. B. Pierce, T. B. Ryerson, J. H. Seinfeld & E. J. Williams. (2009) Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114:D7.
Crossref
Sara Lance, Athanasios Nenes, Claudio Mazzoleni, Manvendra K. Dubey, Harmony Gates, Varuntida Varutbangkul, Tracey A. Rissman, Shane M. Murphy, Armin Sorooshian, Richard C. Flagan, John H. Seinfeld, Graham Feingold & Haflidi H. Jonsson. (2009) Cloud condensation nuclei activity, closure, and droplet growth kinetics of Houston aerosol during the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114:D7.
Crossref
J. L. Stith, V. Ramanathan, W. A. Cooper, G. C. Roberts, P. J. DeMott, G. Carmichael, C. D. Hatch, B. Adhikary, C. H. Twohy, D. C. Rogers, D. Baumgardner, A. J. Prenni, T. Campos, RuShan Gao, J. Anderson & Y. Feng. (2009) An overview of aircraft observations from the Pacific Dust Experiment campaign. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114:D5.
Crossref
Cynthia H. Twohy, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, Trude Eidhammer, Edward V. Browell, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Aaron R. Bansemer, Bruce E. Anderson, Gao Chen, Syed Ismail, Paul J. DeMott & Susan C. Van Den Heever. (2009) Saharan dust particles nucleate droplets in eastern Atlantic clouds. Geophysical Research Letters 36:1.
Crossref
K. L. Hayden, A. M. Macdonald, W. Gong, D. Toom‐Sauntry, K. G. Anlauf, A. Leithead, S.‐M. Li, W. R. Leaitch & K. Noone. (2008) Cloud processing of nitrate. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 113:D18.
Crossref
F. Cairo, C. Buontempo, A. R. MacKenzie, C. Schiller, C. M. Volk, A. Adriani, V. Mitev, R. Matthey, G. Di Donfrancesco, A. Oulanovsky, F. Ravegnani, V. Yushkov, M. Snels, C. Cagnazzo & L. Stefanutti. (2008) Morphology of the tropopause layer and lower stratosphere above a tropical cyclone: a case study on cyclone Davina (1999). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8:13, pages 3411-3426.
Crossref
S. Viciani, F. D’Amato, P. Mazzinghi, F. Castagnoli, G. Toci & P. Werle. (2008) A cryogenically operated laser diode spectrometer for airborne measurement of stratospheric trace gases. Applied Physics B 90:3-4, pages 581-592.
Crossref
Admir C. Targino, Kevin J. Noone, Frank Drewnick, Johannes Schneider, Radovan Krejci, Gustavo Olivares, Silke Hings & Stephan Borrmann. (2007) Microphysical and chemical characteristics of cloud droplet residuals and interstitial particles in continental stratocumulus clouds. Atmospheric Research 86:3-4, pages 225-240.
Crossref
Maud Leriche, R. Lyana Curier, Laurent Deguillaume, Dimitri Caro, Karine Sellegri & Nadine Chaumerliac. (2007) Numerical quantification of sources and phase partitioning of chemical species in cloud: application to wintertime anthropogenic air masses at the Puy de Dôme station. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 57:3, pages 281-297.
Crossref
Anthony J. Prenni, Paul J. DeMott, Cynthia Twohy, Michael R. Poellot, Sonia M. Kreidenweis, David C. Rogers, Sarah D. Brooks, Mathews S. Richardson & Andrew J. Heymsfield. (2007) Examinations of ice formation processes in Florida cumuli using ice nuclei measurements of anvil ice crystal particle residues. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 112:D10.
Crossref
Andrew J. Heymsfield, Aaron Bansemer & Cynthia H. Twohy. (2007) Refinements to Ice Particle Mass Dimensional and Terminal Velocity Relationships for Ice Clouds. Part I: Temperature Dependence. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64:4, pages 1047-1067.
Crossref
F. C. Fehsenfeld, G. Ancellet, T. S. Bates, A. H. Goldstein, R. M. Hardesty, R. Honrath, K. S. Law, A. C. Lewis, R. Leaitch, S. McKeen, J. Meagher, D. D. Parrish, A. A. P. Pszenny, P. B. Russell, H. Schlager, J. Seinfeld, R. Talbot & R. Zbinden. (2006) International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe—Overview of the 2004 summer field study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 111:D23.
Crossref
Frank Drewnick, Johannes Schneider, Silke S. Hings, Nele Hock, Kevin Noone, Admir Targino, Silke Weimer & Stephan Borrmann. (2006) Measurement of Ambient, Interstitial, and Residual Aerosol Particles on a Mountaintop Site in Central Sweden using an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer and a CVI. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 56:1, pages 1-20.
Crossref
Jean‐Francois Gayet, Valery Shcherbakov, Hermann Mannstein, Andeas Minikin, Ulrich Schumann, Johan Ström, Andreas Petzold, Joelle Ovarlez & Franz Immler. (2007) Microphysical and optical properties of midlatitude cirrus clouds observed in the southern hemisphere during INCA. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 132:621, pages 2719-2748.
Crossref
Andrew J. Heymsfield, Carl Schmitt, Aaron Bansemer, Gerd-Jan van Zadelhoff, Matthew J. McGill, Cynthia Twohy & Darrel Baumgardner. (2006) Effective Radius of Ice Cloud Particle Populations Derived from Aircraft Probes. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23:3, pages 361-380.
Crossref
C. H. Twohy, J. R. Anderson & P. A. Crozier. (2005) Nitrogenated organic aerosols as cloud condensation nuclei. Geophysical Research Letters 32:19.
Crossref
T. J. Garrett, B. C. Navarro, C. H. Twohy, E. J. Jensen, D. G. Baumgardner, P. T. Bui, H. Gerber, R. L. Herman, A. J. Heymsfield, P. Lawson, P. Minnis, L. Nguyen, M. Poellot, S. K. Pope, F. P. J. Valero & E. M. Weinstock. (2005) Evolution of a Florida Cirrus Anvil. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62:7, pages 2352-2372.
Crossref
Paul Glantz, Gunilla Svensson, Kevin J. Noone & Simon R. Osborne. (2006) Sea‐salt aerosols over the north‐east Atlantic: Model simulations of the ACE‐2 Second Lagrangian experiment. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 130:601, pages 2191-2215.
Crossref
M. Leriche, D. Voisin, N. Chaumerliac & A. Monod. 2001. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIV. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XIV 409 417 .
Maud Leriche, Laurent Deguillaume & Nadine Chaumerliac. (2003) Modeling study of strong acids formation and partitioning in a polluted cloud during wintertime. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 108:D14.
Crossref
K. Sellegri, P. Laj, R. Dupuy, M. Legrand, S. Preunkert & J.‐P. Putaud. (2003) Size‐dependent scavenging efficiencies of multicomponent atmospheric aerosols in clouds. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 108:D11.
Crossref
C. H. Twohy, J. W. Strapp & M. Wendisch. (2003) Performance of a Counterflow Virtual Impactor in the NASA Icing Research Tunnel. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 20:6, pages 781-790.
Crossref
Paul Glantz, Kevin J. Noone & Simon R. Osborne. (2006) Scavenging efficiencies of aerosol particles in marine stratocumulus and cumulus clouds. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 129:590, pages 1329-1350.
Crossref
Paul Glantz, Kevin J. Noone & Simon R. Osborne. (2003) Comparisons of Airborne CVI and FSSP Measurements of Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations in Marine Stratocumulus Clouds. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 20:1, pages 133-142.
Crossref
D. Baumgardner, J.-F. Gayet, H. Gerber, A. Korolev & C. Twohy. 2003. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences. Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences 489 498 .
Jean‐François Gayet, Frédérique Auriol, Andreas Minikin, Johan Ström, Marco Seifert, Radovan Krejci, Andreas Petzold, Guy Febvre & Ulrich Schumann. (2002) Quantitative measurement of the microphysical and optical properties of cirrus clouds with four different in situ probes: Evidence of small ice crystals. Geophysical Research Letters 29:24.
Crossref
R. J. Cotton & P. R. Field. (2006) Ice nucleation characteristics of an isolated wave cloud. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 128:585, pages 2417-2437.
Crossref
G. Toci, P. Mazzinghi, B. Mielke & L. Stefanutti. (2002) An airborne diode laser spectrometer for the simultaneous measurement of H2O and HNO3 content of stratospheric cirrus clouds. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 37:5, pages 459-480.
Crossref
Katharine F Moore, D.Eli Sherman, Jill E Reilly & Jeffrey L CollettJr.Jr.. (2002) Development of a multi-stage cloud water collector Part 1: Design and field performance evaluation. Atmospheric Environment 36:1, pages 31-44.
Crossref
Cynthia H. Twohy, James G. Hudson, Seong‐Soo Yum, James R. Anderson, Susan K. Durlak & Darrel Baumgardner. (2001) Characteristics of cloud‐nucleating aerosols in the Indian Ocean region. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 106:D22, pages 28699-28710.
Crossref
Maud Leriche, Nadine Chaumerliac & Anne Monod. (2001) Coupling quasi-spectral microphysics with multiphase chemistry: a case study of a polluted air mass at the top of the Puy de Dôme mountain (France). Atmospheric Environment 35:32, pages 5411-5423.
Crossref
P. GLANTZ & K.J. NOONE. (2001) COMPARISONS OF CVI AND FSSP MEASUREMENTS OF CLOUD DROPLET NUMBER CONCENTRATIONS IN MARINE STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS. Journal of Aerosol Science 32, pages 833-834.
Crossref
P. GLANTZ & K.J. NOONE. (2001) SCAVENGING EFFICIENCIES OF AEROSOL PARTICLES IN MARINE STRATOCUMULUS AND CUMULUS CLOUDS. Journal of Aerosol Science 32, pages 197-198.
Crossref
Paul R. Field, R. J. Cotton, D. Johnson, K. Noone, P. Glantz, P. H. Kaye, E. Hirst, R. S. Greenaway, C. Jost, R. Gabriel, T. Reiner, M. Andreae, C. P. R. Saunders, A. Archer, T. Choularton, M. Smith, B. Brooks, C. Hoell, B. Bandy & A. Heymsfield. (2006) Ice nucleation in orographic wave clouds: Measurements made during INTACC. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 127:575, pages 1493-1512.
Crossref
Jörg Gumbel. (2001) Aerodynamic influences on atmospheric in situ measurements from sounding rockets. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 106:A6, pages 10553-10563.
Crossref
Leopoldo Stefanutti & Stephan Borrmann. 2007. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry.
A. Kristensson, J. ‐F. Gayet, J. Ström & F. Auriol. (2000) In situ observations of a reduction in effective crystal diameter in cirrus clouds near flight corridors. Geophysical Research Letters 27:5, pages 681-684.
Crossref
Maud Leriche, Didier Voisin, Nadine Chaumerliac, Anne Monod & Bernard Aumont. (2000) A model for tropospheric multiphase chemistry: application to one cloudy event during the CIME experiment. Atmospheric Environment 34:29-30, pages 5015-5036.
Crossref
Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Jost Heintzenberg & Stephan Mertes. (2000) Incorporation of aerosol particles between 25 and 850 nm into cloud elements: measurements with a new complementary sampling system. Atmospheric Research 52:4, pages 241-260.
Crossref
Johan Ström & Sofia Ohlsson. (1998) In situ measurements of enhanced crystal number densities in cirrus clouds caused by aircraft exhaust. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 103:D10, pages 11355-11361.
Crossref
Cynthia H. Twohy & Bruce W. Gandrud. (1998) Electron microscope analysis of residual particles from aircraft contrails. Geophysical Research Letters 25:9, pages 1359-1362.
Crossref
J. Goodman, R. F. Pueschel, E. J. Jensen, S. Verma, G. V. Ferry, S. D. Howard, S. A. Kinne & D. Baumgardner. (1998) Shape and size of contrails ice particles. Geophysical Research Letters 25:9, pages 1327-1330.
Crossref
H. Gerber, Cynthia H. Twohy, Bruce Gandrud, Andrew J. Heymsfield, Greg M. McFarquhar, Paul J. DeMott & David C. Rogers. (1998) Measurements of wave‐cloud microphysical properties with two new aircraft probes. Geophysical Research Letters 25:8, pages 1117-1120.
Crossref
A. Schwarzenböck, J. Heintzenberg & S. Mertes. (1997) New minimum lower cut size for a counterflow virtual impactor complemented by the upper cut of an interstitial inlet. Journal of Aerosol Science 28, pages S277-S278.
Crossref
R. Gieray, P. Wieser, T. Engelhardt, E. Swietlicki, H.-C. Hansson, B. Mentes, D. Orsini, B. Martinsson, B. Svenningsson, K.J. Noone & J. Heintzenberg. (1997) Phase partitioning of aerosol constituents in cloud based on single-particle and bulk analysis. Atmospheric Environment 31:16, pages 2491-2502.
Crossref
S.-I. Cederfelt, B.G. Martinsson, B. Svenningsson, A. Weidensohler, G. Frank, H.-C. Hansson, E. Swietlicki, M. Wendish, K.M. Beswick, K.N. Bower, M.W. Gallagher, S. Pahl, R. Maser & D. Schell. (1997) Field validation of the droplet aerosol analyser. Atmospheric Environment 31:16, pages 2657-2670.
Crossref
Franz Schröder & Johan Ström. (1997) Aircraft measurements of sub micrometer aerosol particles ( > 7 nm) in the midlatitude free troposphere and tropopause region. Atmospheric Research 44:3-4, pages 333-356.
Crossref
B. G. Arends, G. P. A. Kos, H. J. Möls, A. Berner, I. Solly, C. Kruisz, M. Bizjak, Ax. Berner, I. Grgic, B. Divjak, V. Hudnik, Š. Kozak-Legiša, M. Poje, T. Choularton, M. W. Gallagher, K. N. Bower, R. N. Colvile, S. Fuzzi, M. C. Facchini, G. Orsi, P. Laj, R. Gieray, T. Engelhardt, P. A. Wieser, A. Hallberg, K. J. Noone, J. A. Orgen, H-C Hansson, I. B. Svenningsson, E. Swietlicki, A. Widensohler, B. G. Martinsson, G. Frank, W. Jaeschke, H. W. Georgii, D. Schell, M. Preiss, R. Maser, W. Wobrock, K. Levsen, J. Lüttke, B. G. Martinsson, S. I. Cederfelt, H. C. Hansson, G. Frank, D. Möller, K. Acker, W. Wieprecht, R. Auel, P. Winkler & S. Pahl. 1997. Cloud Multi-phase Processes and High Alpine Air and Snow Chemistry. Cloud Multi-phase Processes and High Alpine Air and Snow Chemistry 61 152 .
Sandro Fuzzi & Dietmar Wagenbach. 1997. Cloud Multi-phase Processes and High Alpine Air and Snow Chemistry. Cloud Multi-phase Processes and High Alpine Air and Snow Chemistry 13 47 .
Bengt G. Martinsson. (1996) Physical basis for a droplet aerosol analysing method. Journal of Aerosol Science 27:7, pages 997-1013.
Crossref
B.B. Demoz, J.L. CollettJr.Jr. & B.C. DaubeJr.Jr.. (1996) On the Caltech Active Strand Cloudwater Collectors. Atmospheric Research 41:1, pages 47-62.
Crossref
A.S. Stepanov & N.P. Romanov. 1996. Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 1996. Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 1996 923 924 .
Kevin J. Noone, Elisabeth ÖstrÖm, Robert A. Pockalny, Lieve De Bock & René Van Grieken. 1996. Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 1996. Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols 1996 868 871 .
Herbert J. Kramer. 1996. Observation of the Earth and Its Environment. Observation of the Earth and Its Environment 403 691 .
Hong Lin & Jost Heintzenberg. (1995) A theoretical study of the counterflow virtual impactor. Journal of Aerosol Science 26:6, pages 903-914.
Crossref
J. CollettJrJr, R. Iovinelli & B. Demoz. (1995) A three-stage cloud impactor for size-resolved measurement of cloud drop chemistry. Atmospheric Environment 29:10, pages 1145-1154.
Crossref
A. Hallberg, J. A. Ogren, K. J. Noone, K. Okada, J. Heintzenberg & I. B. Svenningsson. (1994) The influence of aerosol particle composition on cloud droplet formation. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 19:1-2, pages 153-171.
Crossref
Birgitta Svenningsson, Hans-Christen Hansson, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kevin Noone, John Ogren, Anneli Hallberg & Roy Colvile. (1994) Hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles and its influence on nucleation scavenging in cloud: Experimental results from Kleiner Feldberg. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 19:1-2, pages 129-152.
Crossref
A. Hallberg, K. J. Noone, J. A. Ogren, I. B. Svenningsson, A. Flossmann, A. Wiedensohler, H. -C. Hansson, J. Heintzenberg, T. L. Anderson, B. G. Arends & R. Maser. (1994) Phase partitioning of aerosol particles in clouds at Kleiner Feldberg. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 19:1-2, pages 107-127.
Crossref
J. Ström, J. Heintzenberg, K.J. Noone, K.B. Noone, J.A. Ogren, F. Albers & M. Quante. (1994) Small crystals in cirriform clouds: A case study of residue size distribution, cloud water content and related cloud properties. Atmospheric Research 32:1-4, pages 125-141.
Crossref
. (2012) Cloud droplet number studies with a counterflow virtual impactor. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 99:D4, pages 8249-8256.
Crossref
A. Hallberg, J. A. Ogren, K. J. Noone, K. Okada, J. Heintzenberg & I. B. Svenningsson. 1995. The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment 1990. The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment 1990 153 171 .
Birgitta Svenningsson, Hans-Christen Hansson, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kevin Noone, John Ogren, Anneli Hallberg & Roy Colvile. 1995. The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment 1990. The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment 1990 129 152 .
A. Hallberg, K. J. Noone, J. A. Ogren, I. B. Svenningsson, A. Flossmann, A. Wiedensohler, H.-C. Hansson, J. Heintzenberg, T. L. Anderson, B. G. Arends & R. Maser. 1995. The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment 1990. The Kleiner Feldberg Cloud Experiment 1990 107 127 .
Rainer Gieray, Gerhard Lammel, Gunthard Metzig & Paul Wieser. (1993) Size dependent single particle and chemical bulk analysis of droplets and interstitial particles in an orographic cloud. Atmospheric Research 30:4, pages 263-293.
Crossref
Kevin J. Noone, Hans-Christen Hansson & Ronald K.A.M. Mallant. (1992) Droplet sampling from crosswinds: An inlet efficiency calibration. Journal of Aerosol Science 23:2, pages 153-164.
Crossref
K. Birgitta Noone & Jost Heintzenberg. (1991) On the determination of droplet size distributions with the counterflow virtual impactor. Atmospheric Research 26:5, pages 389-405.
Crossref
WILLIAM A. COOPER. (2017) Research in Cloud and Precipitation Physics: Review of U. S. Theoretical and Observational Studies, 1987–1990. Reviews of Geophysics 29:S1, pages 69-79.
Crossref
Kevin J. Noone, John A. Ogren & Jost Heintzenberg. (1990) An examination of clouds at a mountain-top site in central Sweden: The distribution of solute within cloud droplets. Atmospheric Research 25:1-3, pages 3-15.
Crossref
J. Heintzenberg, J.A. Ogren, K.J. Noone & L. Gärdneus. (1989) The size distribution of submicrometer particles within and about stratocumulus cloud droplets on Mt. Åreskutan, Sweden. Atmospheric Research 24:1-4, pages 89-101.
Crossref
C. H. Twohy, A. D. Clarke, S. G. Warren, L. F. Radke & R. J. Charlson. (2012) Light‐absorbing material extracted from cloud droplets and its effect on cloud albedo. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 94:D6, pages 8623-8631.
Crossref
C. H. TWOHY, P. H. AUSTIN & R. J. CHARLSON. (1989) Chemical consequences of the initial diffusional growth of cloud droplets: a clean marine case. Tellus B 41B:1, pages 51-60.
Crossref
J. A. OGREN, J. HEINTZENBERG, A. ZUBER, K. J. NOONE & R. J. CHARLSON. (1989) Measurements of the size-dependence of solute concentrations in cloud droplets. Tellus B 41B:1, pages 24-31.
Crossref
C. H. Twohy, P. H. Austin & R. J. Charlson. (1989) Chemical consequences of the initial diffusional growth of cloud droplets: a clean marine case. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology 41:1, pages 51.
Crossref
Rainer Gieray, Wilfried Greiner & Paul Wieser. (1989) Laser microprobe mass analysis of fog droplet residues. Journal of Aerosol Science 20:8, pages 1209-1212.
Crossref
C. I. Davidson, L. A. Barrie, G. Bergametti, C. F. Boutron, R. M. Harrison, K. Kemp, U. Krell, W. Maenhaut, J. Müller, W. H. Schroeder & H. Ross. 1989. Control and Fate of Atmospheric Trace Metals. Control and Fate of Atmospheric Trace Metals 355 364 .
J. A. Ogren, J. Heintzenberg, A. Zuber, H.-C. Hansson, K. J. Noone, D. S. Covert & R. J. Charlson. 1988. Acid Deposition at High Elevation Sites. Acid Deposition at High Elevation Sites 125 137 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.