Citations (96)
Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.
Read on this site (29)
Anas Hajar & Mehmet Karakus. (2023) Private supplementary tutoring and educational inequality in secondary education in Kazakhstan. Central Asian Survey 42:3, pages 617-636.
Read now
Read now
Anas Hajar & Mehmet Karakus. (2023) Coming out of the shadows: investing in English private tutoring at a transition point in Kazakhstan’s education system during the global pandemic. The Language Learning Journal 0:0, pages 1-14.
Read now
Read now
Mark Bray. (2023) Geographies of shadow education: patterns and forces in the spatial distributions of private supplementary tutoring. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 53:3, pages 343-360.
Read now
Read now
Anas Hajar, Aida Sagintayeva & Zhanna Izekenova. (2023) Private Supplementary Tutoring at a Transition Point in Kazakhstan’s Education System: Its Scale, Nature, and Policy Implications. European Education 55:1, pages 16-29.
Read now
Read now
Vít Šťastný. (2022) Shadow education: a double-edged sword for Czech mainstream schools in the competitive educational market. Research Papers in Education 37:6, pages 1042-1063.
Read now
Read now
Mimi Masson, Marina Antony-Newman & Max Antony-Newman. (2022) The immigrant perspective: Eastern-European parental discourses about the value of French, plurilingualism and plurilingual literacy practices. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 25:9, pages 3507-3520.
Read now
Read now
Daury Jansen, Louise Elffers & Monique Volman. (2022) And then there were three: (re-)distributing educational responsibilities in response to the growing use of shadow education in the Netherlands. Cambridge Journal of Education 52:5, pages 615-632.
Read now
Read now
Anas Hajar, Aida Sagintayeva & Zhanna Izekenova. (2022) Child participatory research methods: exploring grade 6 pupils’ experiences of private tutoring in Kazakhstan. Cambridge Journal of Education 52:3, pages 369-389.
Read now
Read now
Sonia Exley. (2022) Locked in: understanding the ‘irreversibility’ of powerful private supplementary tutoring markets. Oxford Review of Education 48:1, pages 78-94.
Read now
Read now
Marie Karlsson. (2021) A question of time and place: student tutors’ narrative identities in for- and non-profit contexts in Sweden. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 51:8, pages 1241-1256.
Read now
Read now
Bich-Hang Duong & Iveta Silova. (2021) Portraits of teachers in neoliberal times: projections and reflections generated by shadow education research. Globalisation, Societies and Education 19:5, pages 696-710.
Read now
Read now
Vít Šťastný, David Greger & Petr Soukup. (2021) Does the quality of school instruction relate to the use of additional tutoring in science? Comparative analysis of five post-socialist countries. School Effectiveness and School Improvement 32:1, pages 24-46.
Read now
Read now
Miri Yemini & Claire Maxwell. (2021) Mobilities of policy and mobile parents – creating a new dynamic in policy borrowing within state schooling. Globalisation, Societies and Education 19:1, pages 70-80.
Read now
Read now
Maia Chankseliani, Sophia Gorgodze, Simon Janashia & Kairat Kurakbayev. (2020) Rural disadvantage in the context of centralised university admissions: a multiple case study of Georgia and Kazakhstan. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 50:7, pages 995-1013.
Read now
Read now
Jennifer S. Wistrand. (2020) Civics Education and Democracy Building in Azerbaijan: A Missed Opportunity?. European Education 52:4, pages 338-351.
Read now
Read now
Max Antony-Newman. (2020) Parental involvement of Eastern European immigrant parents in Canada: whose involvement has capital?. British Journal of Sociology of Education 41:1, pages 111-126.
Read now
Read now
Stina Hallsén & Marie Karlsson. (2019) Teacher or friend? – consumer narratives on private supplementary tutoring in Sweden as policy enactment. Journal of Education Policy 34:5, pages 631-646.
Read now
Read now
Rafsan Mahmud & Husaina Banu Kenayathulla. (2018) Shadow education: patterns and scale of private supplementary tutoring in English in secondary education at urban Dhaka in Bangladesh. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 48:5, pages 702-716.
Read now
Read now
Katerina Bodovski, Haram Jeon & Soo-yong Byun. (2017) Cultural capital and academic achievement in post-socialist Eastern Europe. British Journal of Sociology of Education 38:6, pages 887-907.
Read now
Read now
Vít Šťastný. (2016) Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Czech Republic. European Education 48:1, pages 1-22.
Read now
Read now
Ariadne Runte-Geidel & Pedro Femia Marzo. (2015) Shadow Education in Spain: Examining Social Inequalities Through the Analysis of PISA Results. European Education 47:2, pages 117-136.
Read now
Read now
Wei Zhang. (2014) The demand for shadow education in China: mainstream teachers and power relations. Asia Pacific Journal of Education 34:4, pages 436-454.
Read now
Read now
Claudia Chan & Mark Bray. (2014) Marketized private tutoring as a supplement to regular schooling: Liberal Studies and the shadow sector in Hong Kong secondary education. Journal of Curriculum Studies 46:3, pages 361-388.
Read now
Read now
Mark Bray & Ora Kwo. (2013) Behind the façade of fee-free education: shadow education and its implications for social justice. Oxford Review of Education 39:4, pages 480-497.
Read now
Read now
Nurbek Teleshaliyev. (2013) "Leave Me Alone—Simply Let Me Teach". European Education 45:2, pages 51-74.
Read now
Read now
Thomas Anderson & Hans-Peter Kohler. (2013) EDUCATION FEVER AND THE EAST ASIAN FERTILITY PUZZLE. Asian Population Studies 9:2, pages 196-215.
Read now
Read now
Anas Hajar. Learning in the shadows: exploring primary school students and their parents’ perceptions of fee-charging private tutoring in Kazakhstan. Globalisation, Societies and Education 0:0, pages 1-15.
Read now
Read now
Sokunrith Pov. Why female students leave science classes for social science classes in Cambodia: A two-level hierarchical linear model. International Journal of Science Education 0:0, pages 1-21.
Read now
Read now
Anas Hajar & Almira Tabaeva. Being participatory: employing geographic lenses to understand young people’s experiences of private supplementary tutoring in Uzbekistan. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education 0:0, pages 1-21.
Read now
Read now
Articles from other publishers (67)
Jun Li. (2023) Theorizing shadow education and academic success in East Asia: Understanding the meaning, value and use of shadow education by East Asian students. Edited by Young ChunKim and Jung‐HoonJung, New York: Routledge. 2021. pp. 278. £33.29 (ebook) £120.00 (hardback). ISBN: 9780367564605. The Curriculum Journal 35:2, pages 327-329.
Crossref
Crossref
Li Jun & Wang Weilin. (2024) A bibliometric analysis of the evolving mechanisms of shadow education research. European Journal of Education.
Crossref
Crossref
Sokunrith Pov, Norimune Kawai, Ratha Chey, Sokha Khut & Saovorak Nov. (2024) Examining factors influencing students to leave science classes in Cambodia: a two-level hierarchical linear modeling. Asia Pacific Education Review 25:1, pages 117-130.
Crossref
Crossref
Anas Hajar & Almira Tabaeva. (2024) Primary School Students’ Experiences of English Private Tutoring in Uzbekistan Using Participatory Methods. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher.
Crossref
Crossref
Gazi Mahabubul Alam & Md. Abdur Rahman Forhad. (2023) Impact of private tutoring for university admission and subsequently on students' academic results. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education.
Crossref
Crossref
Reem Khalid Abu-Shawish. (2023) Students’ Perspectives on the Factors That Influence the Use of Private Tutoring Usage in Qatar. SAGE Open 13:4.
Crossref
Crossref
Jingjing Wang & Yuxiao Wu. (2021) Private supplementary education and Chinese adolescents' development: The moderating effects of family socioeconomic status. Journal of Community Psychology 51:2, pages 745-767.
Crossref
Crossref
Sarathi Mallik Partha & Kumar Behera Ranjit. (2023) Demand for private coaching: Stakeholder's perspective and consequences. i-manager's Journal on School Educational Technology 19:2, pages 10.
Crossref
Crossref
Khatai Aliyev. (2023) Perceived “common” social problems and macroeconomic trends in Azerbaijan. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 16:1, pages 41-56.
Crossref
Crossref
Young Chun Kim & Jung-Hoon Jung. 2023. International Encyclopedia of Education(Fourth Edition). International Encyclopedia of Education(Fourth Edition)
288
295
.
Byoung-gyu Gong, Jieyu Jiang & Iveta Silova. 2023. International Encyclopedia of Education(Fourth Edition). International Encyclopedia of Education(Fourth Edition)
290
301
.
Natalya Hanley. 2023. The Political Economy of Education in Central Asia. The Political Economy of Education in Central Asia
227
245
.
Mark Bray. 2023. International Handbook on Education Development in the Asia-Pacific. International Handbook on Education Development in the Asia-Pacific
159
181
.
Anas Hajar. 2023. International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring. International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring
17
35
.
Anas Hajar & Kevin Wai Ho Yung. 2023. International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring. International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring
267
279
.
Ali Ait Si Mhamed, Anas Hajar & Meriem Fadli. 2023. International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring. International Perspectives on English Private Tutoring
197
215
.
Yingqi Ma, Wei Jia, Jingxuan Wang, Xuesong Wang, Yuanxiang Zhou & Zeran Yan. (2022) Does education finance reduce the inequality of educational results? The mediation effect of shadow education. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
Crossref
Crossref
Md. Aminul Islam, Seriaznita Binti Haji Mat Said, Jameela Hanoon Umarlebbe, Farid Ahammad Sobhani & Sadia Afrin. (2022) Conceptualization of head-heart-hands model for developing an effective 21st century teacher. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
Crossref
Crossref
Giavrimis Panagiotis. (2022) Shadow Education as a Tool of “Colonization” of Public Education. International Journal of Educational Reform, pages 105678792211105.
Crossref
Crossref
Jiahui Luo & Cecilia Ka Yuk Chan. (2022) Influences of shadow education on the ecology of education – A review of the literature. Educational Research Review 36, pages 100450.
Crossref
Crossref
Anas Hajar & Mehmet Karakus. (2022) A bibliometric mapping of shadow education research: achievements, limitations, and the future. Asia Pacific Education Review 23:2, pages 341-359.
Crossref
Crossref
Han Liang, Zhongxing Wang & Wensheng Wu. (2022) The Effect of Shadow Education on Hong Kong Student Wellbeing: Evidence From PISA 2018. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
Crossref
Crossref
Małgorzata Kłobuszewska. (2022) Demand for Additional Foreign Language Activities in Poland. Central European Economic Journal 9:56, pages 254-268.
Crossref
Crossref
Mark Bray. 2022. International Handbook on Education Development in Asia-Pacific. International Handbook on Education Development in Asia-Pacific
1
23
.
Mark Bray. 2022. International Handbook on Education Development in Asia-Pacific. International Handbook on Education Development in Asia-Pacific
1
23
.
Helena Pimlott-Wilson & Sarah L. Holloway. (2021) Supplementary education and the coronavirus pandemic: Economic vitality, business spatiality and societal value in the private tuition industry during the first wave of Covid-19 in England. Geoforum 127, pages 71-80.
Crossref
Crossref
Andrey Khojeev. (2021) Teachers as Private Tutors: Understanding Dual Professional Identities of Six Faculty Members from Uzbekistan University. IJREE – International Journal for Research on Extended Education 8:2, pages 227-243.
Crossref
Crossref
Larry R. Suter & János Gordon Győri. (2021) The contribution of research on out-of-school-time on educational theories and practice: A review of European research between 1999 and 2019. Hungarian Educational Research Journal 11:3, pages 311-335.
Crossref
Crossref
Eva Forsberg, Stina Hallsén, Marie Karlsson, Helen Melander Bowden, Tatiana Mikhaylova & Johanna Svahn. (2020)
Läxhjälp
as Shadow Education in Sweden: The Logic of Equality in “A School for All”
. ECNU Review of Education 4:3, pages 494-519.
Crossref
Crossref
Stina Hallsén. (2020) The Rise of Supplementary Education in Sweden: Arguments, Thought Styles, and Policy Enactment. ECNU Review of Education 4:3, pages 476-493.
Crossref
Crossref
Mark Bray. (2020) Shadow Education in Europe: Growing Prevalence, Underlying Forces, and Policy Implications. ECNU Review of Education 4:3, pages 442-475.
Crossref
Crossref
Anas Hajar & Saule Abenova. (2021) The role of private tutoring in admission to higher education: Evidence from a highly selective university in Kazakhstan. Hungarian Educational Research Journal 11:2, pages 124-142.
Crossref
Crossref
Rafsan Mahmud. (2021) Learning in the shadows: parents’ investments, family burden, and students’ workload in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Asia Pacific Education Review 22:1, pages 41-52.
Crossref
Crossref
Kevin Wai Ho Yung & Mark Bray. 2021. Third International Handbook of Globalisation, Education and Policy Research. Third International Handbook of Globalisation, Education and Policy Research
679
697
.
Sherzod Khaydarov. (2020) Shadow Education in Uzbekistan: Teachers’ Perceptions of Private Tutoring in the Context of Academic Lyceums. ORBIS SCHOLAE 14:2, pages 81-104.
Crossref
Crossref
Dieuwke Zwier, Sara Geven & Herman G. van de Werfhorst. (2021) Social inequality in shadow education: The role of high-stakes testing. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 61:6, pages 412-440.
Crossref
Crossref
Magda Nutsa Kobakidze & Larry E. Suter. (2020) The global diversity of shadow education. European Journal of Education 55:3, pages 316-321.
Crossref
Crossref
Xiaodong Zheng, Chengcheng Wang, Zheng Shen & Xiangming Fang. (2020) Associations of private tutoring with Chinese students’ academic achievement, emotional well-being, and parent-child relationship. Children and Youth Services Review 112, pages 104934.
Crossref
Crossref
Fernando Vizotto Galvão. (2020) ENSINO SUPLEMENTAR NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE BASEADA NOS DADOS DO ENEM. Educação & Sociedade 41.
Crossref
Crossref
Sarah L. Holloway & Philip Kirby. (2019) Neoliberalising Education: New Geographies of Private Tuition, Class Privilege, and Minority Ethnic Advancement. Antipode 52:1, pages 164-184.
Crossref
Crossref
Kevin Wai-Ho Yung. (2020) Comparing the effectiveness of cram school tutors and schoolteachers: A critical analysis of students’ perceptions. International Journal of Educational Development 72, pages 102141.
Crossref
Crossref
Maia Sieverding, Caroline Krafft & Asmaa Elbadawy. (2019) An Exploration of the Drivers of Private Tutoring in Egypt. Comparative Education Review 63:4, pages 562-590.
Crossref
Crossref
Art Tsang, Daniel Fung & Alice Hoi Ying Yau. (2019) Evaluating supplementary and mainstream ESL/EFL education: Learners’ views from secondary- and tertiary-level perspectives. Studies in Educational Evaluation 62, pages 61-71.
Crossref
Crossref
Rafsan Mahmud. (2019) Mixed implications of private supplementary tutoring for students’ learning. International Journal of Comparative Education and Development 21:1, pages 61-75.
Crossref
Crossref
Haiping Xue & Chenchen Fang. (2018) Supplementary Tutoring for Compulsory Education Students in China: Status and Trends. ECNU Review of Education 1:3, pages 36-68.
Crossref
Crossref
Yueyun Zhang. (2018) Private tutoring, students’ cognitive ability and school engagement, and the formal schooling context: Evidence from middle school students in China. Chinese Journal of Sociology 4:2, pages 277-298.
Crossref
Crossref
Yan Guo, Xueqin Wu & Xiaoli Liu. 2018. Home-School Relations. Home-School Relations
115
135
.
Vít Štastný. (2017) Soukromé hodiny doučování na středních školách: diagnóza a směry dalšího výzkumu. Pedagogická orientace 27:1, pages 30.
Crossref
Crossref
Prashant Loyalka & Andrey Zakharov. (2016) Does shadow education help students prepare for college? Evidence from Russia. International Journal of Educational Development 49, pages 22-30.
Crossref
Crossref
John Trent. (2015) Constructing professional identities in shadow education: perspectives of private supplementary educators in Hong Kong. Educational Research for Policy and Practice 15:2, pages 115-130.
Crossref
Crossref
Wei Zhang & Mark Bray. 2016. Spotlight on China. Spotlight on China
85
99
.
Mark Bray. (2015) La confiance en jeu et la croissance de l’éducation de l’ombre. Revue internationale d'éducation de Sèvres 68, pages 81-92.
Crossref
Crossref
David Coniam. (2013) Private Tutorial Schools in Hong Kong: An Examination of the Perceptions of Public Examination Re-takers. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher 23:3, pages 379-388.
Crossref
Crossref
Olga Kozar & Naomi Sweller. (2014) An exploratory study of demographics, goals and expectations of private online language learners in Russia. System 45, pages 39-51.
Crossref
Crossref
Mark Bray, Shengli Zhan, Chad Lykins, Dan Wang & Ora Kwo. (2014) Differentiated demand for private supplementary tutoring: Patterns and implications in Hong Kong secondary education. Economics of Education Review 38, pages 24-37.
Crossref
Crossref
Izumi Mori. 2013. Out of the Shadows: The Global Intensification of Supplementary Education. Out of the Shadows: The Global Intensification of Supplementary Education
191
207
.
Husaina Banu Kenayathulla. (2013) Household expenditures on private tutoring: emerging evidence from Malaysia. Asia Pacific Education Review 14:4, pages 629-644.
Crossref
Crossref
Shengli Zhan, Mark Bray, Dan Wang, Chad Lykins & Ora Kwo. (2013) The effectiveness of private tutoring: students’ perceptions in comparison with mainstream schooling in Hong Kong. Asia Pacific Education Review 14:4, pages 495-509.
Crossref
Crossref
Aysit Tansel. 2013. Out of the Shadows: The Global Intensification of Supplementary Education. Out of the Shadows: The Global Intensification of Supplementary Education
23
66
.
Wei Zhang & Mark Bray. 2013. Out of the Shadows: The Global Intensification of Supplementary Education. Out of the Shadows: The Global Intensification of Supplementary Education
67
94
.
Olga Kozar. (2013) The Face of Private Tutoring in Russia: Evidence from Online Marketing by Private Tutors. Research in Comparative and International Education 8:1, pages 74-86.
Crossref
Crossref
André E. Mazawi, Ronald G. Sultana & Mark Bray. 2013. Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean. Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean
205
216
.
Mark Bray, André E. Mazawi & Ronald G. Sultana. 2013. Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean. Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean
1
10
.
Marina Zaloznaya. (2012) Organizational cultures as agents of differential association: explaining the variation in bribery practices in Ukrainian universities. Crime, Law and Social Change 58:3, pages 295-320.
Crossref
Crossref
Stephen Carney, Jeremy Rappleye & Iveta Silova. (2012) Between Faith and Science:World Culture Theory and Comparative Education. Comparative Education Review 56:3, pages 366-393.
Crossref
Crossref
Mark Bray. (2010) Researching shadow education: methodological challenges and directions. Asia Pacific Education Review 11:1, pages 3-13.
Crossref
Crossref
Aysit Tansel. (2013) Supplementary Education in Turkey: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Crossref
Crossref