2,556
Views
98
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Psychological stress, appraisal, emotion and Cardiovascular response in a public speaking task

, , &
Pages 353-368 | Published online: 01 Feb 2007

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (15)

Adem F. Aydogan & Karen Gonsalkorale. (2023) An intervention approach to reducing threat appraisal and avoidance associated with intergroup interactions. The Journal of Social Psychology 0:0, pages 1-18.
Read now
Miriam Schilbach, Miriam Arnold, Anja Baethge & Thomas Rigotti. (2023) Hindrance demands as a boundary condition to the appraisal of challenge demands. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 36:4, pages 434-443.
Read now
Miriam Schilbach, Eva Selenko, Anja Baethge & Thomas Rigotti. (2022) Work in times of Brexit: explanatory mechanisms linking macropolitical events with employee well-being. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 31:5, pages 655-666.
Read now
Olivia M. Halabicky, Jennifer A. Pinto-Martin, Peggy Compton & Jianghong Liu. (2022) Longitudinal association of early childhood lead exposure and adolescent heart rate variability: influence of parental education. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C 40:2, pages 133-153.
Read now
Andrea Espedido & Ben J. Searle. (2021) Proactivity, stress appraisals, and problem-solving: A cross-level moderated mediation model. Work & Stress 35:2, pages 132-152.
Read now
Miriam Schilbach, Anja Baethge & Thomas Rigotti. (2020) Why employee psychopathy leads to counterproductive workplace behaviours : an analysis of the underlying mechanisms. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 29:5, pages 693-706.
Read now
Andrea Espedido, Ben J. Searle & Barbara Griffin. (2020) Peers, proactivity, and problem-solving: A multilevel study of team impacts on stress appraisals of problem-solving demands. Work & Stress 34:3, pages 219-237.
Read now
Raymond Kuhnell, Zoe Whitwell, Steven Arnold, Michael I. C. Kingsley, Matthew W. Hale, Morten Wahrendorf, Nico Dragano & Bradley J. Wright. (2020) Assessing the association of university stress and physiological reactivity with decision-making among students. Stress 23:2, pages 136-143.
Read now
Andrea Espedido & Ben J. Searle. (2018) Goal Difficulty and Creative Performance: The Mediating Role of Stress Appraisal. Human Performance 31:3, pages 179-196.
Read now
Renique Kersh. (2018) Women in Higher Education: Exploring Stressful Workplace Factors and Coping Strategies. NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education 11:1, pages 56-73.
Read now
Rebecca A. Ferrer & Wendy Berry Mendes. (2018) Emotion, health decision making, and health behaviour. Psychology & Health 33:1, pages 1-16.
Read now
Jan Krátký, Martin Lang, John H. Shaver, Danijela Jerotijević & Dimitris Xygalatas. (2016) Anxiety and ritualization: Can attention discriminate compulsion from routine?. Communicative & Integrative Biology 9:3.
Read now
J. Adam Carter, Emma C. Gordon & S. Orestis Palermos. (2016) Extended emotion. Philosophical Psychology 29:2, pages 198-217.
Read now
Carolyn M. Aldwin & Crystal L. Park. (2004) Coping and physical health outcomes: an overview. Psychology & Health 19:3, pages 277-281.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (83)

Mark P. Tyler, Bradley J. Wright, Russell Beaton, Katherine Monger, Charles L. Raison, Christopher A. Lowry, Lynette Evans & Matthew W. Hale. (2024) Severity of depressive symptoms moderates the sympathoinhibitory effect of local skin warming following exposure to a social stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 159, pages 106420.
Crossref
Michael J. DiStaso, Ann E. Schlotzhauer, Mindy K. Shoss & Amanda C. Grinley. (2023) Worry About Guest Mistreatment and Endorsement of COVID-19 Safety Policies. Occupational Health Science 7:4, pages 771-792.
Crossref
Miriam Schilbach, Anja Baethge & Thomas Rigotti. (2023) How Past Work Stressors Influence Psychological Well-Being in the Face of Current Adversity: Affective Reactivity to Adversity as an Explanatory Mechanism. Journal of Business and Psychology.
Crossref
Martha Fernandez De Henestrosa, Philipp E. Sischka & Georges Steffgen. (2023) Challenge, threat, coping potential: How primary and secondary appraisals of job demands predict nurses' affective states during the COVID ‐19 pandemic . Nursing Open 10:6, pages 3840-3853.
Crossref
Dimity Peter. 2023. Perspectives and Considerations on Navigating the Mental Healthcare System. Perspectives and Considerations on Navigating the Mental Healthcare System 29 50 .
Martha Fernandez de Henestrosa, Philipp E. Sischka & Georges Steffgen. (2023) Predicting Challenge and Threat Appraisal of Job Demands among Nurses: The Role of Matching Job Resources. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:2, pages 1288.
Crossref
Arushi, Roberto Dillon, Ai Ni Teoh & Denise Dillon. 2023. Innovation-Driven Business and Sustainability in the Tropics. Innovation-Driven Business and Sustainability in the Tropics 117 152 .
Dean Lipovac, Jure Žitnik & Michael D. Burnard. (2022) A pilot study examining the suitability of the mental arithmetic task and single-item measures of affective states to assess affective, physiological, and attention restoration at a wooden desk. Journal of Wood Science 68:1.
Crossref
Wei Lü, Wenke Zhu & Sheng Wang. (2022) Associations between general trait anxiety, trait social anxiety and cardiovascular responses to social and non-social stressors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 160, pages 110979.
Crossref
Hung-Che Wu, Sharleen X. Chen & Haonan Xu. (2022) Exploring the drivers of COVID-19 protective behaviors among Singaporean tourists to Indonesia using travel bubbles. Current Psychology.
Crossref
Marcie A. LePine. (2022) The Challenge-Hindrance Stressor Framework: An Integrative Conceptual Review and Path Forward. Group & Organization Management 47:2, pages 223-254.
Crossref
Thomas P Hein & Maria Herrojo Ruiz. (2022) State anxiety alters the neural oscillatory correlates of predictions and prediction errors during reward-based learning. NeuroImage 249, pages 118895.
Crossref
Olivia M. Halabicky, Jennifer A. Pinto-Martin, Peggy Compton & Jianghong Liu. (2022) Early childhood lead exposure and adolescent heart rate variability: A longitudinal cohort study. Environmental Research 205, pages 112551.
Crossref
Li Zhang, Gege Cao, Zhenghua Liu, Youling Bai, Dan Li, Jinping Liu & Huazhan Yin. (2021) The gray matter volume of bilateral inferior temporal gyrus in mediating the association between psychological stress and sleep quality among Chinese college students. Brain Imaging and Behavior 16:2, pages 557-564.
Crossref
Jie Ma, Cong Liu, Haixu Bao & Xixi Gu. (2022) How to ward off the threat of workplace ostracism? The merit of self-compassion. Personality and Individual Differences 187, pages 111396.
Crossref
Maurice B. Mittelmark. 2022. The Handbook of Salutogenesis. The Handbook of Salutogenesis 69 78 .
Arthur Viana Machado, Mirtes Garcia Pereira, Gabriela G. L. Souza, Mariana Xavier, Carolina Aguiar, Leticia de Oliveira & Izabela Mocaiber. (2021) Association between distinct coping styles and heart rate variability changes to an acute psychosocial stress task. Scientific Reports 11:1.
Crossref
Dean Lipovac & Michael D. Burnard. (2020) Effects of visual exposure to wood on human affective states, physiological arousal and cognitive performance: A systematic review of randomized trials. Indoor and Built Environment 30:8, pages 1021-1041.
Crossref
Nancy van Veelen, Rudy C. Boonekamp, Tjeerd A.J. Schoonderwoerd, Martijn L. van Emmerik, Mirjam J. Nijdam, Bastiaan Bruinsma, Elbert Geuze, Chelsea Jones & Eric Vermetten. (2021) Tailored Immersion: Implementing Personalized Components Into Virtual Reality for Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 2.
Crossref
Jing Li, Simon Hudson & Kevin Kam Fung So. (2021) Hedonic consumption pathway vs. acquisition-transaction utility pathway: An empirical comparison of Airbnb and hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management 94, pages 102844.
Crossref
Mitchell J. Raper & Paula Brough. (2020) Seeing into the future: The role of future‐oriented coping and daily stress appraisal in relation to a future stressor. Stress and Health 37:1, pages 186-197.
Crossref
Thomas P. Hein, Jan de Fockert & Maria Herrojo Ruiz. (2021) State anxiety biases estimates of uncertainty and impairs reward learning in volatile environments. NeuroImage 224, pages 117424.
Crossref
Rachael A. Heckenberg, Matthew W. Hale, Stephen Kent & Bradley J. Wright. (2020) Empathy and job resources buffer the effect of higher job demands on increased salivary alpha amylase awakening responses in direct-care workers. Behavioural Brain Research 394, pages 112826.
Crossref
M. Lang, J. Krátký & D. Xygalatas. (2020) The role of ritual behaviour in anxiety reduction: an investigation of Marathi religious practices in Mauritius. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375:1805, pages 20190431.
Crossref
Sebastian Sporn, Thomas Hein & Maria Herrojo Ruiz. (2020) Alterations in the amplitude and burst rate of beta oscillations impair reward-dependent motor learning in anxiety. eLife 9.
Crossref
Anne Casper & Sabine Sonnentag. (2019) Feeling exhausted or vigorous in anticipation of high workload? The role of worry and planning during the evening. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 93:1, pages 215-242.
Crossref
Jolene Jacquart, Santiago Papini, Zane Freeman, John B. Bartholomew & Jasper A.J. Smits. (2020) Using exercise to facilitate arousal reappraisal and reduce stress reactivity: A randomized controlled trial. Mental Health and Physical Activity 18, pages 100324.
Crossref
Sigrid Wimmer, Manuela Paechter, Helmut K. Lackner & Ilona Papousek. (2019) Effects of Self‐Concept on Restoring a Positive Motivational State After an Exam‐Like Situation. Mind, Brain, and Education 14:1, pages 5-15.
Crossref
Sharon Y. Lee, Crystal L. Park & Linda S. Pescatello. (2019) How trauma influences cardiovascular responses to stress: contributions of posttraumatic stress and cognitive appraisals. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 43:1, pages 131-142.
Crossref
Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Ebrahim Nemati, Viswam Nathan & Jilong Kuang. 2020. 13th EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks. 13th EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks 267 281 .
Erin N. Palmwood & Christine A. McBride. (2017) Challenge vs. Threat: the Effect of Appraisal Type on Resource Depletion. Current Psychology 38:6, pages 1522-1529.
Crossref
Eefje S. Poppelaars, Johannes Klackl, Belinda Pletzer, Frank H. Wilhelm & Eva Jonas. (2019) Social-evaluative threat: Stress response stages and influences of biological sex and neuroticism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 109, pages 104378.
Crossref
Stefan Volk, Helena Nguyen & Christian Thöni. (2019) Punishment under threat: The role of personality in costly punishment. Journal of Research in Personality 81, pages 47-55.
Crossref
Anne Marie Porter & Paula Goolkasian. (2019) Video Games and Stress: How Stress Appraisals and Game Content Affect Cardiovascular and Emotion Outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology 10.
Crossref
Michael F. Lorber & Jaimee Stuart. (2018) Mothers’ Attitudes as Organizers of Discipline Practices and Related Anticipatory Processes. Journal of Child and Family Studies 27:12, pages 4091-4102.
Crossref
Rachael A. Heckenberg, Pennie Eddy, Stephen Kent & Bradley J. Wright. (2018) Do workplace-based mindfulness meditation programs improve physiological indices of stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 114, pages 62-71.
Crossref
Sharon Y. Lee, Crystal L. Park & Beth S. Russell. (2018) Does distress tolerance interact with trait anxiety to predict challenge or threat appraisals?. Personality and Individual Differences 132, pages 14-19.
Crossref
Sigrid Wimmer, Helmut K. Lackner, Ilona Papousek & Manuela Paechter. (2018) Goal Orientations and Activation of Approach Versus Avoidance Motivation While Awaiting an Achievement Situation in the Laboratory. Frontiers in Psychology 9.
Crossref
Carolina Villada, Vanesa Hidalgo, Mercedes Almela & Alicia Salvador. (2018) Assessing Performance on an Evaluated Speaking Task. Journal of Psychophysiology 32:2, pages 64-74.
Crossref
M. Zandara, M. Garcia-Lluch, C. Villada, V. Hidalgo & A. Salvador. (2018) Searching for a job: Cardiac responses to acute stress and the mediating role of threat appraisal in young people. Stress and Health 34:1, pages 15-23.
Crossref
Nicola Carbonaro, Pietro Cipresso, Alessandro Tognetti, Gaetano Anania, Danilo De Rossi, Federica Pallavicini, Andrea Gaggioli & Giuseppe Riva. 2018. Wearable Technologies. Wearable Technologies 862 879 .
Bill Matney. (2017) The effect of specific music instrumentation on anxiety reduction in university music students: A feasibility study. The Arts in Psychotherapy 54, pages 47-55.
Crossref
Margit Gramer & Stephanie Frei. (2017) Self-Focus and Cardiovascular Effects of Stressor Anticipation and Active Coping: The Moderating Influence of Trait Social Anxiety. The Open Psychology Journal 10:1, pages 61-70.
Crossref
Kai Kaspar & Sarah Cames. (2016) Cognitions about bodily purity attenuate stress perception. Scientific Reports 6:1.
Crossref
Julie Chronister, Eboneé T. Johnson, Fong Chan, Wei-Mo Tu, Yi-Chieh Chung & Gloria K. Lee. (2015) Positive Person–Environment Factors as Mediators of the Relationship Between Perceived Burden and Quality of Life of Caregivers for Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injuries. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin 59:4, pages 235-246.
Crossref
Roger Carpenter. (2016) A Review of Instruments on Cognitive Appraisal of Stress. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing 30:2, pages 271-279.
Crossref
Manar Ali Bani-Hani, Ayman M. Hamdan-Mansour, Huda Mohammad Atiyeh & Eman Tariq Alslman. (2016) Theoretical Perspective of Job Demands Correlates among Nurses: Systematic Literature Review. Health 08:15, pages 1744-1758.
Crossref
Julie A. Kirsch & Barbara J. Lehman. (2015) Comparing Visible and Invisible Social Support: Non-evaluative Support Buffers Cardiovascular Responses to Stress. Stress and Health 31:5, pages 351-364.
Crossref
Julia R. Craner, Sandra T. Sigmon & Amber A. Martinson. (2015) Self-focused attention in response to laboratory stressors among women with premenstrual disorders. Archives of Women's Mental Health 18:4, pages 595-606.
Crossref
Martin Lang, Jan Krátký, John H. Shaver, Danijela Jerotijević & Dimitris Xygalatas. (2015) Effects of Anxiety on Spontaneous Ritualized Behavior. Current Biology 25:14, pages 1892-1897.
Crossref
Antonio Lanata, Gaetano Valenza, Alberto Greco, Claudio Gentili, Riccardo Bartolozzi, Francesco Bucchi, Francesco Frendo & Enzo Pasquale Scilingo. (2015) How the Autonomic Nervous System and Driving Style Change With Incremental Stressing Conditions During Simulated Driving. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 16:3, pages 1505-1517.
Crossref
Adem F. Aydogan & Karen Gonsalkorale. (2015) Breaking down a barrier: increasing perceived out-group knowledge reduces negative expectancies about intergroup interaction. European Journal of Social Psychology 45:4, pages 401-408.
Crossref
Fiona Dermody, Alistair Sutherland & Margaret Farren. 2015. Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015. Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2015 499 501 .
Larissa K. Barber, Elizabeth A. Rupprecht & David C. Munz. (2013) Sleep Habits May Undermine Well-Being Through the Stressor Appraisal Process. Journal of Happiness Studies 15:2, pages 285-299.
Crossref
Nicola Carbonaro, Pietro Cipresso, Alessandro Tognetti, Gaetano Anania, Danilo De Rossi, Federica Pallavicini, Andrea Gaggioli & Giuseppe Riva. (2014) Psychometric Assessment of Cardio-Respiratory Activity Using a Mobile Platform. International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 5:1, pages 13-29.
Crossref
Pietro Cipresso, Silvia Serino, Andrea Gaggioli & Giuseppe Riva. 2014. Advancing Medical Practice through Technology. Advancing Medical Practice through Technology 178 204 .
Ryan C. Brindle, Annie T. Ginty & Sarah M. Conklin. (2013) Is the association between depression and blunted cardiovascular stress reactions mediated by perceptions of stress?. International Journal of Psychophysiology 90:1, pages 66-72.
Crossref
Julie Chronister, Chih-Chin Chou & Hsin-Ya Liao. (2013) THE ROLE OF STIGMA COPING AND SOCIAL SUPPORT IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF SOCIETAL STIGMA ON INTERNALIZED STIGMA, MENTAL HEALTH RECOVERY, AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG PEOPLE WITH SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESS. Journal of Community Psychology 41:5, pages 582-600.
Crossref
Chih-Chin Chou, Jayci Lynn Robb, Matthew Christopher Clay & Julie Ann Chronister. (2013) Social Support as a Mediator Between Internalized Stigma and Coping Behaviors of Individuals With Substance Abuse Issues. Rehabilitation Research, Policy, and Education 27:2, pages 104-107.
Crossref
Margit Gramer, Elisa Schild & Eva Lurz. (2012) Objective and perceived physiological arousal in trait social anxiety and post-event processing of a prepared speaking task. Personality and Individual Differences 53:8, pages 980-984.
Crossref
K. Lira Yoon & Phillip J. Quartana. (2012) Post-Evaluative Biases Toward Somatic Stimuli and Cardiovascular Responses in Social Anxiety. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment 34:4, pages 451-457.
Crossref
Anh-Tuan Nguyen, Wei Chen & Matthias Rauterberg. (2012) Online feedback system for public speakers. Online feedback system for public speakers.
Michel A. Thibodeau, Lydia Gómez-Pérez & Gordon J.G. Asmundson. (2012) Objective and perceived arousal during performance of tasks with elements of social threat: The influence of anxiety sensitivity. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 43:3, pages 967-974.
Crossref
Pietro Cipresso, Andrea Gaggioli, Silvia Serino & Giuseppe Riva. (2012) Stress Diffusion through Complex Networks. International Journal of Adaptive, Resilient and Autonomic Systems 3:1, pages 46-64.
Crossref
Juliane Hellhammer & Melanie Schubert. (2012) The physiological response to Trier Social Stress Test relates to subjective measures of stress during but not before or after the test. Psychoneuroendocrinology 37:1, pages 119-124.
Crossref
Olga V. Crowley, Paula S. McKinley, Matthew M. Burg, Joseph E. Schwartz, Carol D. Ryff, Maxine Weinstein, Teresa E. Seeman & Richard P. Sloan. (2011) The interactive effect of change in perceived stress and trait anxiety on vagal recovery from cognitive challenge. International Journal of Psychophysiology 82:3, pages 225-232.
Crossref
LAUREN A. LEE, DAVID A. SBARRA, ASHLEY E. MASON & RITA W. LAW. (2011) Attachment anxiety, verbal immediacy, and blood pressure: Results from a laboratory analog study following marital separation. Personal Relationships 18:2, pages 285-301.
Crossref
Frank R.C. de Wit, Karen A. Jehn & Daan Scheepers. 2011. Negotiation and Groups. Negotiation and Groups 207 238 .
Carolyn M. Aldwin & Loriena A. Yancura. (2010) Effects of stress on health and aging: Two paradoxes. California Agriculture 64:4, pages 183-188.
Crossref
Kathleen M. O’Connor, Josh A. Arnold & Andrea M. Maurizio. (2010) The prospect of negotiating: Stress, cognitive appraisal, and performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 46:5, pages 729-735.
Crossref
Clayton Hilmert & Lexi Kvasnicka. (2010) Blood Pressure and Emotional Responses to Stress: Perspectives on Cardiovascular Reactivity. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4:7, pages 470-483.
Crossref
Tor D. Wager, Christian E. Waugh, Martin Lindquist, Doug C. Noll, Barbara L. Fredrickson & Stephan F. Taylor. (2009) Brain mediators of cardiovascular responses to social threat. NeuroImage 47:3, pages 821-835.
Crossref
Melanie J. White, Bruce R. Lawford, C. Phillip Morris & Ross McD. Young. (2009) Interaction Between DRD2 C957T Polymorphism and An Acute Psychosocial Stressor on Reward-Related Behavioral Impulsivity. Behavior Genetics 39:3, pages 285-295.
Crossref
Kumi Hirokawa, Akihiro Yagi & Yo Miyata. (2008) Effects of Communication Skills on Stress Responses While Speaking Japanese and English. Psychological Reports 103:1, pages 3-10.
Crossref
KUMI HIROKAWA. (2008) EFFECTS OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS ON STRESS RESPONSES WHILE SPEAKING JAPANESE AND ENGLISH. Psychological Reports 103:5, pages 3.
Crossref
Shawn N. Fraser, Wendy M. Rodgers & Bill Daub. (2008) Psychosocial Correlates of Cardiovascular Reactivity to Anticipation of an Exercise Stress Test Prior to Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Preliminary Test 1 . Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research 13:1, pages 20-41.
Crossref
Margit Gramer & Elisabeth Sprintschnik. (2008) Social anxiety and cardiovascular responses to an evaluative speaking task: The role of stressor anticipation. Personality and Individual Differences 44:2, pages 371-381.
Crossref
Tick Ngee Sim & Ee Lynn Ng. (2011) Parental Attachment and Adjustment to Higher Learning Institutions: The Role of Stress for a Malaysian Sample of Late Adolescents. Journal of Counseling & Development 85:4, pages 467-474.
Crossref
Ana C. Brown, Sharlene A. Wolchik, Jenn-Yun Tein & Irwin N. Sandler. (2006) Maternal Acceptance as a Moderator of the Relation Between Threat to Self Appraisals and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents from Divorced Families. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 36:7, pages 927-938.
Crossref
Margit Gramer & Karin Saria. (2007) Effects of social anxiety and evaluative threat on cardiovascular responses to active performance situations. Biological Psychology 74:1, pages 67-74.
Crossref
Georgios D. Sideridis. (2006) Coping is not an ‘either’ ‘or’: the interaction of coping strategies in regulating affect, arousal and performance. Stress and Health 22:5, pages 315-327.
Crossref
Stephen J. Lepore, Tracey A. Revenson, Sarah L. Weinberger, Peter Weston, Pasquale G. Frisina, Rommel Robertson, Minerva Mentor Portillo, Hollie Jones & William Cross. (2006) Effects of social stressors on cardiovascular reactivity in black and white women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 31:2, pages 120-127.
Crossref
Marcellus M. Merritt, Gary G. Bennett, Redford B. Williams, Christopher L. Edwards & John J. Sollers. (2006) Perceived racism and cardiovascular reactivity and recovery to personally relevant stress.. Health Psychology 25:3, pages 364-369.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.