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Physiotherapy Theory and Practice
An International Journal of Physical Therapy
Volume 34, 2018 - Issue 12
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Systematic Review

The role of the therapeutic alliance on pain relief in musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A systematic review

, PT, MS, , PT, MS, , PT, PhD & , PT, PhD
Pages 901-915 | Received 13 Dec 2016, Accepted 21 Jun 2017, Published online: 05 Feb 2018

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Read on this site (6)

Mary Beth Holmes, Amanda Scott, James Camarinos, Lee Marinko & Steven Z. George. (2023) Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) and its relationship to patient-reported outcomes in painful musculoskeletal conditions. Disability and Rehabilitation 45:8, pages 1363-1369.
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Erin McCabe, Mary Roduta Roberts, Maxi Miciak, Haowei (Linda) Sun & Douglas P. Gross. (2023) An investigation of the measurement properties of the physiotherapy therapeutic relationship measure in patients with musculoskeletal conditions. European Journal of Physiotherapy 25:2, pages 114-126.
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Erin McCabe, Maxi Miciak, Mary Roduta Roberts, Haowei (Linda) Sun & Douglas P. Gross. (2022) Measuring therapeutic relationship in physiotherapy: conceptual foundations. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice 38:13, pages 2339-2351.
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Erin McCabe, Maxi Miciak, Mary Roduta Roberts, Haowei (Linda) Sun, Michelle J. Kleiner, Christopher J. Holt & Douglas P. Gross. (2022) Development of the Physiotherapy Therapeutic Relationship Measure. European Journal of Physiotherapy 24:5, pages 287-296.
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Davy Paap, Leonie A. Krops, Henrica R. Schiphorst Preuper, Jan H. B. Geertzen, Pieter U. Dijkstra & Grieteke Pool. (2022) Participants’ unspoken thoughts and feelings negatively influence the therapeutic alliance; a qualitative study in a multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation setting. Disability and Rehabilitation 44:18, pages 5090-5100.
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Laura B. Meade, Lindsay M. Bearne & Emma L. Godfrey. (2021) “It’s important to buy in to the new lifestyle”: barriers and facilitators of exercise adherence in a population with persistent musculoskeletal pain. Disability and Rehabilitation 43:4, pages 468-478.
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Articles from other publishers (31)

Nicola Godfrey, Maggie Donovan-Hall & Lisa Roberts. (2024) A qualitative study exploring the ritual-like activity and therapeutic relationship between Pilates teachers and clients with persistent low back pain. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 37, pages 25-37.
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Maximilien Bachelart, Antoine Bioy & Kristell Clerc. (2023) Alliance thérapeutique, douleur et pratiques à médiation corporelle. Douleurs : Évaluation - Diagnostic - Traitement 24:4, pages 173-181.
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Jonathan Gayton & Aastha Monga. (2023) Goal setting in physiotherapy‐led adult musculoskeletal care: A scoping review. Musculoskeletal Care.
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A.P. Rusanov & V.V. Vitomskyi. (2023) EVALUATION OF THE THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE IN PATIENTS WITH ADHESIVES CAPSULITIS AND MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROME AFTER PHYSICAL THERAPY. Art of Medicine, pages 116-122.
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. 2023. Schmerzbuch Physiotherapie. Schmerzbuch Physiotherapie 269 293 .
Riikka Holopainen. 2023. Schmerzbuch Physiotherapie. Schmerzbuch Physiotherapie 101 109 .
Jordi Barrachina, César Margarit, Blanca Andreu, Thomas Zandonai, Pura Ballester, Javier Muriel, Esperanza Cutillas & Ana M. Peiró. (2022) Therapeutic alliance impact on analgesic outcomes in a real-world clinical setting: An observational study. Acta Pharmaceutica 72:4, pages 529-545.
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Jane Andreasen, Angela Fearon, Dylan Morissey, Laura H. Hjørnholm, Jens Kristinsson, Jens Erik Jorgensen & Carsten M. Mølgaard. (2022) “I feel I have been taken seriously” Women’s experience of greater trochanteric pain syndrome treatment—A nested qualitative study. PLOS ONE 17:11, pages e0278197.
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Silvia Monaco, Alessia Renzi, Beatrice Galluzzi, Rachele Mariani & Michela Di Trani. (2022) The Relationship between Physiotherapist and Patient: A Qualitative Study on Physiotherapists’ Representations on This Theme. Healthcare 10:11, pages 2123.
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Zoe McParlin, Francesco Cerritelli, Giacomo Rossettini, Karl J. Friston & Jorge E. Esteves. (2022) Therapeutic Alliance as Active Inference: The Role of Therapeutic Touch and Biobehavioural Synchrony in Musculoskeletal Care. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 16.
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Mona Dür, Claudia Wenzel, Patrick Simon & Gerhard Tucek. (2022) Patients’ and professionals’ perspectives on the consideration of patients’ convenient therapy periods as part of personalised rehabilitation: a focus group study with patients and therapists from inpatient neurological rehabilitation. BMC Health Services Research 22:1.
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Zoe McParlin, Francesco Cerritelli, Karl J. Friston & Jorge E. Esteves. (2022) Therapeutic Alliance as Active Inference: The Role of Therapeutic Touch and Synchrony. Frontiers in Psychology 13.
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Jason M. Beneciuk, Lindsey Brown-Taylor, Faris Alodaibi, Stephen Kareha, Rett Holmes & Julie Fritz. (2021) Patient- and Physical Therapist–Level Predictors of Patient-Reported Therapeutic Alliance: An Observational, Exploratory Study of Cohorts With Knee and Low Back Pain. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 102:12, pages 2335-2342.
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Monica Unsgaard-Tøndel & Sylvia Søderstrøm. (2021) Therapeutic Alliance: Patients’ Expectations Before and Experiences After Physical Therapy for Low Back Pain—A Qualitative Study With 6-Month Follow-Up. Physical Therapy 101:11.
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Phil Page. (2021) Making the Case for Modalities: The Need for Critical Thinking in Practice. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy 16:5.
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Rafael Zegarra-Parodi, Jorge E. Esteves, Christian Lunghi, Francesca Baroni, Jerry Draper-Rodi & Francesco Cerritelli. (2021) The legacy and implications of the body-mind-spirit osteopathic tenet: A discussion paper evaluating its clinical relevance in contemporary osteopathic care. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 41, pages 57-65.
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Gisela Cristiane Miyamoto, Felipe Ribeiro Cabral Fagundes, Caique de Melo do Espírito Santo, Francine Mendonça de Luna Teixeira, Thaís Vanelli Tonini, Flavio Turina Prado & Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral. (2021) Education With Therapeutic Alliance Did Not Improve Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Low Risk of Poor Prognosis Compared to Education Without Therapeutic Alliance: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 51:8, pages 392-400.
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Felicity Bishop, Miznah Al-Abbadey, Lisa Roberts, Hugh MacPherson, Beth Stuart, Dawn Carnes, Carol Fawkes, Lucy Yardley & Katherine Bradbury. (2021) Direct and mediated effects of treatment context on low back pain outcome: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 11:5, pages e044831.
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Faris Alodaibi, Jason Beneciuk, Rett Holmes, Stephen Kareha, Deanna Hayes & Julie Fritz. (2021) The Relationship of the Therapeutic Alliance to Patient Characteristics and Functional Outcome During an Episode of Physical Therapy Care for Patients With Low Back Pain: An Observational Study. Physical Therapy 101:4.
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Robroy L. Martin, Todd E. Davenport, John J. Fraser, Jenna Sawdon-Bea, Christopher R. Carcia, Lindsay A. Carroll, Benjamin R. Kivlan & Dominic Carreira. (2021) Ankle Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Lateral Ankle Ligament Sprains Revision 2021. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 51:4, pages CPG1-CPG80.
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María Teresa Linares-Fernández, Roy La Touche & Joaquín Pardo-Montero. (2021) Development and validation of the therapeutic alliance in physiotherapy questionnaire for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Patient Education and Counseling 104:3, pages 524-531.
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Belinda Joan Lawford, Kim L Bennell, Penny K Campbell, Jessica Kasza & Rana S Hinman. (2021) Association Between Therapeutic Alliance and Outcomes Following Telephone-Delivered Exercise by a Physical Therapist for People With Knee Osteoarthritis: Secondary Analyses From a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies 8:1, pages e23386.
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Iván Cuyul Vásquez, Matías Contreras Fuentes, Romualdo Ordoñez Vega, Pablo Neira Stegmaier, Nicolás Maragaño Campistó & Alejandra Rodríguez Alvarado. (2021) Recomendaciones clínicas para la rehabilitación de personas con fibromialgia. Una revisión narrativa.. Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor 28.
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V. V. Vitomskyi, K. M. Al-Hawamdeh, M. V. Vitomska & S. V. Gavreliuk. (2020) Comparison of the Therapeutic Alliance Indicators according to the Results of the Survey of Cardiosurgical Patients and their Physical Therapists. Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 5:6, pages 275-281.
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Irene Vestøl, Jonas Debesay, Zada Pajalic & Astrid Bergland. (2020) The importance of a good therapeutic alliance in promoting exercise motivation in a group of older Norwegians in the subacute phase of hip fracture; a qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics 20:1.
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R. Baeske, M.F. Silva & T. Hall. (2020) The clinical decision making process in the use of mobilisation with movement – A Delphi survey. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 49, pages 102212.
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Monica Noy, Luciana Macedo & Lisa Carlesso. (2020) Biomedical origins of the term 'osteopathic lesion' and its impact on people in pain. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine 37, pages 40-43.
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Belinda J. Lawford, Kim L. Bennell, Penny K. Campbell, Jessica Kasza & Rana S. Hinman. (2020) Therapeutic Alliance Between Physical Therapists and Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis Consulting Via Telephone: A Longitudinal Study. Arthritis Care & Research 72:5, pages 652-660.
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S.М. Fedorenko, V.V. Vitomskyi, О.B. Lazarіeva & M.V. Vitomskа. (2019) The results of the analysis of the criteria of therapeutic alliance of patients orthopedic profile of outpatient physical therapy program. Health, sport, rehabilitation 5:3, pages 15-23.
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S. Fedorenko, V. Vitomskyi, О. Lazarіeva & M. Vitomska. (2019) Management and Motivation of Patients as a Way of Increasing the Efficiency of Physical Therapy in Orthopedic Disorders. Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 4:5, pages 295-302.
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Ana Carolina Taccolini Manzoni, Felipe Ribeiro Cabral Fagundes, Fernanda Ferreira Fuhro & Cristina Maria Nunes Cabral. (2019) Translation, Cross-cultural Adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese, and Analysis of Measurement Properties of the Consultation and Relational Empathy Measure. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 18:2, pages 106-114.
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