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The Clinical Neuropsychologist Volume 9, 1995 - Issue 2
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Original Articles

Brain damage or compensation neurosis? The controversial post-concussion syndrome

James R. Youngjohn Independent Practice and Arizona State University,
,
Lisa Burrows Independent Practice and Arizona State University,
&
Kristi Erdal Independent Practice and Arizona State University,
Pages 112-123 | Accepted 01 Aug 1994, Published online: 08 Nov 2007

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Read on this site (31)

Kelly Jack Lee Brooks & Karen A. Sullivan. (2023) Validating the modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (mRPQ). The Clinical Neuropsychologist 37:1, pages 207-226.
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John W. Lace, Alex F. Grant, Phillip Ruppert, David A. S. Kaufman, Carson L. Teague, Kimberly Lowell & Jeffrey D. Gfeller. (2021) Detecting noncredible performance with the neuropsychological assessment battery, screening module: A simulation study. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 35:3, pages 572-596.
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Carlton S. Gass, David Rogers & Erica Kinne. (2017) Psychological Characteristics in Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An MMPI-2 Study. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult 24:2, pages 108-115.
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David J. Williamson, Maria Holsman, Naomi Chaytor, John W. Miller & Daniel L. Drane. (2012) Abuse, Not Financial Incentive, Predicts Non-Credible Cognitive Performance in Patients With Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 26:4, pages 588-598.
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RogerO. Gervais, DustinB. Wygant, Martin Sellbom & YossefS. Ben-Porath. (2011) Associations Between Symptom Validity Test Failure and Scores on the MMPI–2–RF Validity and Substantive Scales. Journal of Personality Assessment 93:5, pages 508-517.
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James R. Youngjohn, Rebecca Wershba, Matthew Stevenson, John Sturgeon & Michael L. Thomas. (2011) Independent Validation of the MMPI-2-RF Somatic/Cognitive and Validity Scales in TBI Litigants Tested for Effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 25:3, pages 463-476.
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Maria E. Cottingham & Kyle B. Boone. (2010) Non-credible language deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 24:6, pages 1006-1025.
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Grant L. Iverson, Rael T. Lange, Brian L. Brooks & V. Lynn Ashton Rennison. (2010) “Good Old Days” Bias Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 24:1, pages 17-37.
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Michael L. Thomas & James R. Youngjohn. (2009) Let's Not Get Hysterical: Comparing the MMPI-2 Validity, Clinical, and RC Scales in TBI Litigants Tested for Effort. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 23:6, pages 1067-1084.
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Kristi Erdal. (2009) Why One Fakes a Head Injury Affects How One Fakes a Head Injury. Applied Neuropsychology 16:1, pages 42-48.
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ManfredF. Greiffenstein & W. John Baker. (2008) Validity Testing in Dually Diagnosed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Mild Closed Head Injury. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 22:3, pages 565-582.
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StephenR. McCauley, Corwin Boake, Claudia Pedroza, SharonA. Brown, HarveyS. Levin, HeatherS. Goodman & ShirleyG. Merritt. (2008) Correlates of persistent postconcussional disorder: DSM-IV criteria versus ICD-10. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 30:3, pages 360-379.
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A. H. Wicklund, A. Ammar, J. C. Weitlauf, R. L. Heilbronner, J. Fink, R. C. Lee, K. Kelley & N. H. Pliskin. (2008) MMPI-2 Patterns in Electrical Injury: A Controlled Investigation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 22:1, pages 98-111.
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BarryR. Ardolf, RobertL. Denney & ChristiM. Houston. (2007) Base Rates of Negative Response Bias and Malingered Neurocognitive Dysfunction among Criminal Defendants Referred for Neuropsychological Evaluation. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 21:6, pages 899-916.
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KevinJ. Bianchini, KellyL. Curtis & KevinW. Greve. (2006) Compensation and Malingering in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Dose-Response Relationship?. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 20:4, pages 831-847.
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Myling Sumanti, Kyle Brauer Boone, Irwin Savodnik & Richard Gorsuch. (2006) Noncredible Psychiatric and Cognitive Symptoms in a Workers' Compensation “Stress” Claim Sample. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 20:4, pages 754-765.
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Tony M. Wong. (2006) Ethical Controversies in Neuropsychological Test Selection, Administration, and Interpretation. Applied Neuropsychology 13:2, pages 68-76.
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ScottR. Ross, StevenH. Putnam & KennethM. Adams. (2006) Psychological Disturbance, Incomplete Effort, and Compensation-Seeking Status as Predictors of Neuropsychological Test Performance in Head Injury. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 28:1, pages 111-125.
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PaulR. Lees-Haley, M. Frank Greiffenstein, GlennJ. Larrabee & EdwardL. Manning. (2004) Methodological Problems in the Neuropsychological Assessment of Effects of Exposure to Welding Fumes and Manganese. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 18:3, pages 449-464.
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Grant L. Iverson & Rael T. Lange. (2003) Examination of "Postconcussion-Like" Symptoms in a Healthy Sample. Applied Neuropsychology 10:3, pages 137-144.
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Wiley Mittenberg, Gisela Aguila-Puentes, Christine Patton, ElizabethM. Canyock & RobertL. Heilbronner. (2003) Neuropsychological Profiling of Symptom Exaggeration and Malingering. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 3:1-2, pages 227-240.
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Nathan D. Zasler & Michael F. Martelli. (2003) Mild traumatic brain injury: Impairment and disability assessment caveats. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 13:1-2, pages 31-41.
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Alan Moss, Christopher Jones, Dene Fokias & David Quinn. (2003) The mediating effects of effort upon the relationship between head injury severity and cognitive functioning. Brain Injury 17:5, pages 377-387.
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GrantL. Iverson, RhondaJ. King, JamesG. Scott & RussellL. Adams. (2001) Cognitive Complaints in Litigating Patients with Head Injuries or Chronic Pain. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 2:1, pages 19-30.
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Mariel Martens, Jacobus Donders & ScottR. Millis. (2001) Evaluation of Invalid Response Sets After Traumatic Head Injury. Journal of Forensic Neuropsychology 2:1, pages 1-18.
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Robert Baker, Jacobus Donders & Elizabeth Thompson. (2000) Assessment of Incomplete Effort With the California Verbal Learning Test. Applied Neuropsychology 7:2, pages 111-114.
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ROBERT J. SBORDONE, GREGORY D. SEYRANIAN & RONALD M. RUFF. (1998) Are the subjective complaints of traumatically brain injured patients reliable?. Brain Injury 12:6, pages 505-515.
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Philip G. Gasquoine. (1997) Emotional, Cognitive, and Motivational Deficits in Compensation-Seeking, Suspected Brain Injury Cases. Applied Neuropsychology 4:2, pages 99-106.
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LaurenceM. Binder. (1997) A review of mild head trauma. part II: Clinical implications. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 19:3, pages 432-457.
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JamesR. Youngjohn, Jack Spector & RobertL. Mapou. (1997) Neuropsychological findings in silicone breast-implant complainants: Brain damage, somatization, or compensation neuroses?. The Clinical Neuropsychologist 11:2, pages 132-141.
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CarltonS. Gass & Christine Apple. (1997) Cognitive complaints in closed-head injury: Relationship to memory test performance and emotional disturbance. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 19:2, pages 290-299.
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Articles from other publishers (35)

Karen A. Sullivan & Darcy Bennett. (2021) An Experimental Study of the Effects of Biased Responding on the Modified Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire and Validity Indicators. Psychological Injury and Law 14:3, pages 161-170.
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Noah K. Kaufman & Shane S. Bush. 2021. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation 157 176 .
Noah K. Kaufman, Shane S. Bush & Mario R. Aguilar. (2019) What Attorneys and Factfinders Need to Know About Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries. Psychological Injury and Law 12:2, pages 91-112.
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Grant L. Iverson. (2019) Network Analysis and Precision Rehabilitation for the Post-concussion Syndrome. Frontiers in Neurology 10.
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Gerald Young. (2017) PTSD in Court III: Malingering, assessment, and the law. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 52, pages 81-102.
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Ronald M. Ruff, Jasmin Klopfer & Jeremy Blank. (2016) Homogenous Base Rates for Malingering in Neuropsychological Examination of Litigants. Psychological Injury and Law 9:2, pages 143-153.
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Maryanne Edmundson, David T. R. Berry, Walter M. HighJr.Jr., Anne L. Shandera-Ochsner, Jordan P. Harp & Lisa M. Koehl. (2015) A Meta-Analytic Review of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory—2nd Edition (MMPI-2) Profile Elevations Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Psychological Injury and Law 9:2, pages 121-142.
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R. T. Lange, T. A. Brickell, J. E. Kennedy, J. M. Bailie, C. Sills, S. Asmussen, R. Amador, A. Dilay, B. Ivins & L. M. French. (2014) Factors Influencing Postconcussion and Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Reporting Following Military-Related Concurrent Polytrauma and Traumatic Brain Injury. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 29:4, pages 329-347.
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Rael T. LangeTracey BrickellLouis M. FrenchBrian IvinsAditya BhagwatSonal PancholiGrant L. Iverson. (2013) Risk Factors for Postconcussion Symptom Reporting after Traumatic Brain Injury in U.S. Military Service Members. Journal of Neurotrauma 30:4, pages 237-246.
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L. M. Binder, J. Spector & J. R. Youngjohn. (2012) Psychogenic Stuttering and Other Acquired Nonorganic Speech and Language Abnormalities. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 27:5, pages 557-568.
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Cecil R. Reynolds & Arthur MacNeill HortonJr.Jr.. 2012. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation 351 369 .
Karen Sullivan & Natalie Garden. (2011) A Comparison of the Psychometric Properties of 4 Postconcussion Syndrome Measures in a Nonclinical Sample. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 26:2, pages 170-176.
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Grant L. Iverson & Rael T. Lange. 2011. The Little Black Book of Neuropsychology. The Little Black Book of Neuropsychology 745 763 .
Tae-Hee ShinChang-Bong GongMin-Su KimJin-Sung KimDai-Seg BaiOh-Lyong Kim. (2010) Development of a Cognitive Level Explanation Model in Brain Injury : Comparisons between Disability and Non-Disability Evaluation Groups. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 48:6, pages 506.
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Jascha Rüsseler, Alexandra Brett, Ulrike Klaue, Michael Sailer & Thomas F Münte. (2008) The effect of coaching on the simulated malingering of memory impairment. BMC Neurology 8:1.
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Herman Staudenmayer & Scott Phillips. (2007) MMPI-2 validity, clinical and content scales, and the Fake Bad Scale for personal injury litigants claiming idiopathic environmental intolerance. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 62:1, pages 61-72.
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Tamara Ownsworth, Jennifer M. Fleming & Sascha Hardwick. (2012) Symptom Reporting and Associations With Compensation Status, Self-Awareness, Causal Attributions, and Emotional Wellbeing Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Impairment 7:2, pages 95-106.
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Rodney D. Vanderploeg, Heather G. Belanger & Glenn Curtiss. 2006. Psychological Knowledge in Court. Psychological Knowledge in Court 279 307 .
Grant L Iverson. (2005) Outcome from mild traumatic brain injury. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 18:3, pages 301-317.
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Sven Å. Christianson & Harald Merckelbach. 2009. The Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts. The Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts 195 226 .
J. -P. Hungerbühler. (2004) Les traumatismes cranio-cérébraux mineurs. Douleur et Analgésie 17:4, pages 191-203.
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CHERYL A. LUIS, RODNEY D. VANDERPLOEG & GLENN CURTISS. (2004) Predictors of postconcussion symptom complex in community dwelling male veterans. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 9:7, pages 1001-1015.
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Paul R. Lees-Haley. (2016) Toxic Mold and Mycotoxins in Neurotoxicity Cases: Stachybotrys, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Trichothecenes. Psychological Reports 93:2, pages 561-584.
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Kenneth Podell, Philip A. DeFina, Paul Barrett, AnneMarie McCullen & Elkhonon Goldberg. 2003. Handbook of Psychology. Handbook of Psychology.
PAUL R. LEES-HALEY. (2003) TOXIC MOLD AND MYCOTOXINS IN NEUROTOXICITY CASES: STACHYBOTRYS, FUSARIUM, TRICHODERMA, ASPERGILLUS, PENICILLIUM, CLADOSPORIUM, ALTERNARIA, TRICHOTHECENES. Psychological Reports 93:6, pages 561.
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Grant L. Iverson & Laurence M. Binder. (2000) Detecting Exaggeration and Malingering in Neuropsychological Assessment. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 15:2, pages 829-858.
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Wiley Mittenberg & Silvia Strauman. (2000) Diagnosis of Mild Head Injury and the Postconcussion Syndrome. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 15:2, pages 783-791.
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Stephen Joseph & Jackie Masterson. (2005) Posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury: Are they mutually exclusive?. Journal of Traumatic Stress 12:3, pages 437-453.
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Cecil R. Reynolds. 1998. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation. Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation 261 286 .
Laurence M. Binder & Mark P. Kelly. (2016) Portland Digit Recognition Test Performance by Brain Dysfunction Patients without Financial Incentives. Assessment 3:4, pages 403-409.
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Lewis M. Etcoff & Karen M. Kampfer. (1996) Practical guidelines in the use of symptom validity and other psychological tests to measure malingering and symptom exaggeration in traumatic brain injury cases. Neuropsychology Review 6:4, pages 171-201.
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Manfred F. Greiffenstein, W. John Baker & Thomas Gola. (2009) Motor dysfunction profiles in traumatic brain injury and postconcussion syndrome. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 2:6, pages 477-485.
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