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Original Articles

Contamination of firefighter personal protective equipment and skin and the effectiveness of decontamination procedures

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Read on this site (18)

Maria João Bessa, Bruno Sarmento, Marta Oliveira & Francisca Rodrigues. (2023) In vitro data for fire pollutants: contribution of studies using human cell models towards firefighters’ occupational. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 26:4, pages 238-255.
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Bela Barros, Marta Oliveira & Simone Morais. (2023) Biomonitoring of firefighting forces: a review on biomarkers of exposure to health-relevant pollutants released from fires. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 26:3, pages 127-171.
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Jennifer L. A. Keir, Tracy L. Kirkham, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Paul A. White & Jules M. Blais. (2023) Effectiveness of dermal cleaning interventions for reducing firefighters’ exposures to PAHs and genotoxins. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 20:2, pages 84-94.
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Gavin P. Horn, Kenneth W. Fent, Steve Kerber & Denise L. Smith. (2022) Hierarchy of contamination control in the fire service: Review of exposure control options to reduce cancer risk. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 19:9, pages 538-557.
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Drew Stolpman, Denise N. Williams, Touradj Solouki & Debra D. Harris. (2022) Decontamination of metals from firefighter turnout gear. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 19:2, pages 79-86.
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J. Sahmel, S. Arnold & G. Ramachandran. (2022) Influence of repeated contacts on the transfer of elemental metallic lead between compartments in an integrated conceptual model for dermal exposure assessment. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 85:3, pages 89-109.
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Richard M. Kesler, Alex Mayer, Kenneth W. Fent, I-Chen Chen, A. Shawn Deaton, R. Bryan Ormond, Denise L. Smith, Andrea Wilkinson, Steve Kerber & Gavin P. Horn. (2021) Effects of firefighting hood design, laundering and doffing on smoke protection, heat stress and wearability. Ergonomics 64:6, pages 755-767.
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Alexander C. Mayer, Gavin P. Horn, Kenneth W. Fent, Steve J. Bertke, Steve Kerber, Richard M. Kesler, Hannah Newman & Denise L. Smith. (2020) Impact of select PPE design elements and repeated laundering in firefighter protection from smoke exposure. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 17:11-12, pages 505-514.
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Andrew P. W Banks, Michelle Engelsman, Chang He, Xianyu Wang & Jochen F. Mueller. (2020) The occurrence of PAHs and flame-retardants in air and dust from Australian fire stations. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 17:2-3, pages 73-84.
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Emily R. Watkins, Mark Hayes, Peter Watt & Alan J. Richardson. (2019) Fire service instructors' working practices: A UK survey. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 74:6, pages 322-330.
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Kenneth W. Fent, Alexander Mayer, Stephen Bertke, Steve Kerber, Denise Smith & Gavin P. Horn. (2019) Understanding airborne contaminants produced by different fuel packages during training fires. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 16:8, pages 532-543.
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M. Ariel Geer Wallace, Joachim D. Pleil, Karen D. Oliver, Donald A. Whitaker, Sibel Mentese, Kenneth W. Fent & Gavin P. Horn. (2019) Targeted GC-MS analysis of firefighters’ exhaled breath: Exploring biomarker response at the individual level. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 16:5, pages 355-366.
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Anthony Calvillo, Erin Haynes, Jeff Burkle, Kenny Schroeder, Angelo Calvillo, Julie Reese & Tiina Reponen. (2019) Pilot study on the efficiency of water-only decontamination for firefighters’ turnout gear. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 16:3, pages 199-205.
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M. Ariel Geer Wallace, Joachim D. Pleil, Karen D. Oliver, Donald A. Whitaker, Sibel Mentese, Kenneth W. Fent & Gavin P. Horn. (2019) Non-targeted GC/MS analysis of exhaled breath samples: Exploring human biomarkers of exogenous exposure and endogenous response from professional firefighting activity. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 82:4, pages 244-260.
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Alexander C. Mayer, Kenneth W. Fent, Stephen Bertke, Gavin P. Horn, Denise L. Smith, Steve Kerber & Mark J. La Guardia. (2019) Firefighter hood contamination: Efficiency of laundering to remove PAHs and FRs. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 16:2, pages 129-140.
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Tyler R. Harrison, Fan Yang, Susan E. Morgan, Jessica Wendorf Muhamad, Ed Talavera, Samuel A. Eaton, Neal Niemczyk, Vicki Sheppard & Erin Kobetz. (2018) The Invisible Danger of Transferring Toxins with Bunker Gear: A Theory-Based Intervention to Increase Postfire Decontamination to Reduce Cancer Risk in Firefighters. Journal of Health Communication 23:12, pages 999-1007.
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Kenneth W. Fent, Douglas E. Evans, Kelsey Babik, Cynthia Striley, Stephen Bertke, Steve Kerber, Denise Smith & Gavin P. Horn. (2018) Airborne contaminants during controlled residential fires. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 15:5, pages 399-412.
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Tyler R. Harrison, Jessica Wendorf Muhamad, Fan Yang, Susan E. Morgan, Ed Talavera, Alberto Caban-Martinez & Erin Kobetz. (2018) Firefighter attitudes, norms, beliefs, barriers, and behaviors toward post-fire decontamination processes in an era of increased cancer risk. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 15:4, pages 279-284.
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Articles from other publishers (89)

Karolina Bralewska. (2024) Air pollution inside fire stations: State-of-the-art and future challenges. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 255, pages 114289.
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Fabrice Czarnecki, Brian J. Maguire, Mason Harrell, Daniel Samo, Zeke J. McKinney, Tee L. Guidotti & Robert K. McLellan. 2024. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine. Ciottone's Disaster Medicine 206 214 .
Richard M. Kesler, A. Shawn Deaton, R.Bryan Ormond, Samantha Silverstein, Kathryn L. Donlin & Gavin P. Horn. (2023) Impact of Firefighter Hood Design on Range of Motion, Noise Production, and Hearing. Ergonomics, pages 1-20.
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Jennifer L.A. Keir, William Papas, Adam Wawrzynczak, Rocio Aranda-Rodriguez, Jules M. Blais & Paul A. White. (2023) Use of silicone wristbands to measure firefighters’ exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during live fire training. Environmental Research 239, pages 117306.
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Antonio R. Fernandez, Alison Treichel, J. Brent Myers, Scott S. Bourn, Remle P. Crowe & Bill Gardner. (2023) Evaluating Firefighter On-Scene Decontamination Practices Using a National Fire Records Management System. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 65:11, pages 931-936.
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Gavin P. Horn, Keith Stakes, Danielle L. Neumann, Daniel Madrzykowski & Kenneth W. Fent. (2023) Exposure Risks and Potential Control Measures for a Fire Behavior Lab Training Structure: Part B—Chemical Gas Concentrations. Fire Technology 59:6, pages 3255-3282.
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Maria Soledad Hershey, Eleni Bouziani, Xin Yu (Maggie) Chen, Irene Lidoriki, Kishor Hadkhale, Ya-Chin Huang, Theodoros Filippou, José Francisco López-Gil, Anne Katherine Gribble, Fan-Yun Lan, Mercedes Sotos-Prieto & Stefanos N. Kales. (2023) Surviving & Thriving; a healthy lifestyle app for new US firefighters: usability and pilot study protocol. Frontiers in Endocrinology 14.
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Yu Zhang, Qian Hu, Jiaqi Fu, Xinting Li, Hongjun Mao & Ting Wang. (2023) Influence of Exposure Pathways on Tissue Distribution and Health Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives. Environment & Health.
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Denise N. Williams, Florencia El Hay, Arav Wijesinghe, Shynitha Pulluri, Rodney X. Sturdivant, Kelli L. Barr & Debra D. Harris. (2023) Chemical compounds associated with increased risk for cancer incidence found in environmental samples obtained from two fire departments. Frontiers in Materials 10.
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Arjunsing Girase, Donald B. Thompson & R. Bryan Ormond. (2023) Impact of conventional and advanced cleaning techniques on the durability of firefighter turnout ensembles. Frontiers in Materials 10.
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Aurélie Laguerre & Elliott T. Gall. (2023) Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Indoor Materials: Method Development. ACS Omega 8:23, pages 20634-20641.
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Arjunsing Girase, Adhiraj Shinde & Robert Bryan Ormond. (2023) Qualitative Assessment of Off-Gassing of Compounds from Field-Contaminated Firefighter Jackets with Varied Air Exposure Time Intervals Using Headspace GC-MS. Textiles 3:2, pages 246-256.
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MD Tanjim Hossain, Arjunsing G. Girase & R. Bryan Ormond. (2023) Evaluating the performance of surfactant and charcoal-based cleaning products to effectively remove PAHs from firefighter gear. Frontiers in Materials 10.
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Vincent N Mokoana, Joseph KO Asante & O Jonathan Okonkwo. (2023) A review on volatilization of flame retarding compounds from polymeric textile materials used in firefighter protective garment. Journal of Fire Sciences, pages 073490412311713.
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Arjunsing Girase, Donald Thompson & Robert Bryan Ormond. (2023) Bench-Scale and Full-Scale Level Evaluation of the Effect of Parameters on Cleaning Efficacy of the Firefighters’ PPE. Textiles 3:2, pages 201-218.
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Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder, Md Tanjim Hossain, Fatema Tuj Jahura, Arjunsing Girase, Andrew Stephen Hall, Jingtian Lu & R. Bryan Ormond. (2023) Firefighters’ exposure to per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as an occupational hazard: A review. Frontiers in Materials 10.
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Jacob Grothe, Sarah Tucker, Anthony Blake, Chandran Achutan, Sharon Medcalf, Troy Suwondo, Ann Fruhling & Aaron Yoder. (2023) Exploring First Responders’ Use and Perceptions on Continuous Health and Environmental Monitoring. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:6, pages 4787.
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Emily M. Bonner, Gavin P. Horn, Denise L. Smith, Steve Kerber, Kenneth W. Fent, Lane G. Tidwell, Richard P. Scott, Kaley T. Adams & Kim A. Anderson. (2023) Silicone passive sampling used to identify novel dermal chemical exposures of firefighters and assess PPE innovations. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 248, pages 114095.
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Andrea F. Wilkinson, Kenneth W. Fent, Alexander C. Mayer, I-Chen Chen, Richard M. Kesler, Steve Kerber, Denise L. Smith & Gavin P. Horn. (2023) Use of Preliminary Exposure Reduction Practices or Laundering to Mitigate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination on Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment Ensembles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20:3, pages 2108.
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Taylor A. M. Wolffe, Louis Turrell, Andrew Robinson, Kathryn Dickens, Anna Clinton, Daniella Maritan-Thomson & Anna A. Stec. (2023) Culture and awareness of occupational health risks amongst UK firefighters. Scientific Reports 13:1.
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Taylor A. M. Wolffe, Andrew Robinson, Kathryn Dickens, Louis Turrell, Anna Clinton, Daniella Maritan-Thomson, Miland Joshi & Anna A. Stec. (2023) Cancer incidence amongst UK firefighters. Scientific Reports 12:1.
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Sol Choi, Okon Dominic Ekpe, Wonjin Sim, Gyojin Choo & Jeong-Eun Oh. (2022) Exposure and Risk Assessment of Korean Firefighters to PBDEs and PAHs via Fire Vehicle Dust and Personal Protective Equipment. Environmental Science & Technology 57:1, pages 520-530.
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Michelle Engelsman, Leisa-Maree L. Toms, Xianyu Wang & Andrew P.W. Banks. (2023) Firefighter undergarments: Assessing contamination and laundering efficacy. Environmental Research 216, pages 114344.
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Miriam R. Siegel, Carissa M. Rocheleau, Brittany S. Hollerbach, Amel Omari, Sara A. Jahnke, Lynn M. Almli & Andrew F. Olshan. (2022) Birth defects associated with paternal firefighting in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. American Journal of Industrial Medicine.
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Kemi Ogunsina, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Valentina Rodriguez, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Natasha Schaefer-Solle, Soyeon Ahn, Erin N Kobetz-Kerman & David J Lee. (2022) Correlates of Positive Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies Among Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional-Study. Journal of the Endocrine Society 6:10.
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Ewelina Szmytke, Dorota Brzezińska, Waldemar Machnowski & Szymon Kokot. (2022) Firefighters’ Clothing Contamination in Fires of Electric Vehicle Batteries and Photovoltaic Modules—Literature Review and Pilot Tests Results. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:19, pages 12442.
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Aline Marcelino Arouca, Victor Emmanuel Delfino Aleixo, Maurício Leite Vieira, Márcio Talhavini & Ingrid Távora Weber. (2022) White Light-Photolysis for the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Proximity Firefighting Protective Clothing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:16, pages 10054.
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Soo Jin Kim, Jun-Yeon Lee, Ju-Hee Hong & Seunghon Ham. (2022) Characteristics of Hazardous Substances Extracted from Laundry Water for Fire Protection Suit Exposed to Fire. Water 14:15, pages 2383.
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Hongyang Wang, Junsheng Wang, Bi Zhao, Shengli Hu, Gang Xue & Jianjun Xia. (2022) Contamination and removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in multilayered assemblies of firefighting protective clothing. Journal of Industrial Textiles 52, pages 152808372211307.
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S. Krzemińska & M. Szewczyńska. (2022) PAH contamination of firefighter protective clothing and cleaning effectiveness. Fire Safety Journal 131, pages 103610.
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Ewelina SZMYTKE, Dorota BRZEZIŃSKA, Waldemar MACHNOWSKI & Szymon KOKOT. (2022) Firefighters’ Protective Clothing – Water Cleaning Method vs Liquid CO 2 Method in Aspect of Efficiency . Architecture, Civil Engineering, Environment 15:2, pages 169-176.
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Kenneth W. Fent, Alexander C. Mayer, Christine Toennis, Deborah Sammons, Shirley Robertson, I-Chen Chen, Deepak Bhandari, Benjamin C. Blount, Steve Kerber, Denise L. Smith & Gavin P. Horn. (2022) Firefighters’ urinary concentrations of VOC metabolites after controlled-residential and training fire responses. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 242, pages 113969.
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Hyun Sup Park, Seunghon Ham, Jin Hyeok Jeong, Soo Jin Kim & Hyekyung Woo. (2022) Examination of Factors Influencing SCBA Washing Behavior among Firefighters in Metropolitan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:4, pages 2240.
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Ritchie Taylor, Gretchen Macy, Jooyeon Hwang, Vijay Golla, Charles Cann & Edrisa Sanyang. (2022) Using Collaborative Partnerships to Engage Firefighters in Rural Communities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19:4, pages 2009.
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Carolyn M. Poutasse, Christopher K. Haddock, Walker S.C. Poston, Sara A. Jahnke, Lane G. Tidwell, Emily M. Bonner, Peter D. Hoffman & Kim A. Anderson. (2022) Firefighter exposures to potential endocrine disrupting chemicals measured by military-style silicone dog tags. Environment International 158, pages 106914.
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Okon Dominic Ekpe, Wonjin Sim, Sol Choi, Gyojin Choo & Jeong-Eun Oh. (2021) Assessment of Exposure of Korean Firefighters to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons via Their Measurement in Serum and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites in Urine. Environmental Science & Technology 55:20, pages 14015-14025.
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Marcella A. de Melo Lucena, Félix Zapata, Filipe Gabriel M. Mauricio, Fernando E. Ortega-Ojeda, M. Gloria Quintanilla-López, Ingrid Távora Weber & Gemma Montalvo. (2021) Evaluation of an Ozone Chamber as a Routine Method to Decontaminate Firefighters’ PPE. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:20, pages 10587.
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Natasha Schaefer Solle, Katerina M. Santiago, Paola Louzado Feliciano, Miriam M. Calkins, Kenny Fent, Sara Jahnke, Natasha Parks, Heather Buren, Casey Grant, Jefferey L. Burgess & Alberto J. Caban-Martinez. (2021) Perceptions of Work-Related Health and Cancer Risks Among Women Firefighters. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine Publish Ahead of Print.
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Christiane Hoppe-Jones, Stephanie C. Griffin, John J. Gulotta, Darin D. Wallentine, Paul K. Moore, Shawn C. Beitel, Leanne M. Flahr, Jing Zhai, Jin J. Zhou, Sally R. Littau, Devi Dearmon-Moore, Alesia M. Jung, Fernanda Garavito, Shane A. Snyder & Jefferey L. Burgess. (2021) Evaluation of fireground exposures using urinary PAH metabolites. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 31:5, pages 913-922.
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Anna S. Young, Emily H. Sparer-Fine, Heidi M. Pickard, Elsie M. Sunderland, Graham F. Peaslee & Joseph G. Allen. (2021) Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and total fluorine in fire station dust. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 31:5, pages 930-942.
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Greta Camilla Magnano, Francesca Rui & Francesca Larese Filon. (2021) Skin decontamination procedures against potential hazards substances exposure. Chemico-Biological Interactions 344, pages 109481.
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Elliot L. Graham, Saeed Khaja, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez & Denise L. Smith. (2021) Firefighters and COVID-19. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine Publish Ahead of Print.
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. (2021) Firefighting-Associated Cancers: Can Increased Physical Activity and Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness Be Potential Countermeasures?. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 63:6, pages e392-e394.
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Badr H. Alharbi, Mohammad J. Pasha & Mohammed Ahmad S. Al-Shamsi. (2021) Firefighter exposures to organic and inorganic gas emissions in emergency residential and industrial fires. Science of The Total Environment 770, pages 145332.
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Jooyeon Hwang, Chao Xu, Robert J. Agnew, Shari Clifton & Tara R. Malone. (2021) Health Risks of Structural Firefighters from Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:8, pages 4209.
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Andrew P. W. Banks, Xianyu Wang, Chang He, Michael Gallen, Kevin V. Thomas & Jochen F. Mueller. (2021) Off-Gassing of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Fire-Fighters’ Uniforms in Private Vehicles—A Pilot Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18:6, pages 3030.
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Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Jeff Hughes & Christopher Bator. (2021) A Total Worker Health Approach to Skin Exposure Assessment: Experiences from the Firefighter Cancer Initiative. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 65:2, pages 143-147.
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Andrew P.W. Banks, Xianyu Wang, Michelle Engelsman, Chang He, Andres F. Osorio & Jochen F. Mueller. (2021) Assessing decontamination and laundering processes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame retardants from firefighting uniforms. Environmental Research 194, pages 110616.
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Gavin P. Horn, Steve Kerber, Jessica Andrews, Richard M. Kesler, Hannah Newman, Jacob W. Stewart, Kenneth W. Fent & Denise L. Smith. (2020) Impact of Repeated Exposure and Cleaning on Protective Properties of Structural Firefighting Turnout Gear. Fire Technology 57:2, pages 791-813.
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Jaclyn M Goodrich, Melissa A Furlong, Alberto J Caban-Martinez, Alesia M Jung, Ken Batai, Timothy Jenkins, Shawn Beitel, Sally Littau, John Gulotta, Darin Wallentine, Jeff Hughes, Charles Popp, Miriam M Calkins & Jefferey L Burgess. (2021) Differential DNA Methylation by Hispanic Ethnicity Among Firefighters in the United States. Epigenetics Insights 14, pages 251686572110061.
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Andrew P.W. Banks, Phong Thai, Michelle Engelsman, Xianyu Wang, Andres F. Osorio & Jochen F. Mueller. (2021) Characterising the exposure of Australian firefighters to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons generated in simulated compartment fires. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 231, pages 113637.
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Jarle Jakobsen, Ronnie Babigumira, Marie Danielsen, Tom K. Grimsrud, Raymond Olsen, Cecilie Rosting, Marit B. Veierød & Kristina Kjærheim. (2020) Work Conditions and Practices in Norwegian Fire Departments From 1950 Until Today: A Survey on Factors Potentially Influencing Carcinogen Exposure. Safety and Health at Work 11:4, pages 509-516.
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Kevin C. Mathias, Elliot Graham, Donald Stewart & Denise L. Smith. (2020) Decreased Pulmonary Function Over 5 Years in US Firefighters. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 62:10, pages 816-819.
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Bernd Rossbach, Daniel Wollschläger, Stephan Letzel, Wolfgang Gottschalk & Axel Muttray. (2020) Internal exposure of firefighting instructors to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) during live fire training. Toxicology Letters 331, pages 102-111.
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Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Karolina Bralewska, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec, Radosław Makowski, Małgorzata Majder-Łopatka, Aleksander Łukawski, Andrzej Brandyk & Grzegorz Majewski. (2020) Respirable particles and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at two Polish fire stations. Building and Environment 184, pages 107255.
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Dana Stahl. 2020. Health and Safety in Emergency Management and Response. Health and Safety in Emergency Management and Response 65 126 .
Paola Louzado-Feliciano, Kevin A. Griffin, Katerina M. Santiago, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Tulay Koru-Sengul, Casey Grant, Neal Niemczyk, David J. Lee, Erin N. Kobetz & Alberto J. Caban-Martinez. (2020) Fire Service Organizational-Level Characteristics Are Associated With Adherence to Contamination Control Practices in Florida Fire Departments. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 62:9, pages e508-e514.
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Cecilie Rosting & Raymond Olsen. (2020) Biomonitoring of the benzene metabolite s-phenylmercapturic acid and the toluene metabolite s-benzylmercapturic acid in urine from firefighters. Toxicology Letters 329, pages 20-25.
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Carolyn M. Poutasse, Walker S.C. Poston, Sara A. Jahnke, Christopher K. Haddock, Lane G. Tidwell, Peter D. Hoffman & Kim A. Anderson. (2020) Discovery of firefighter chemical exposures using military-style silicone dog tags. Environment International 142, pages 105818.
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Gavin P. Horn, Steve Kerber, Jeffery Lattz, Richard M. Kesler, Denise L. Smith, Alex Mayer & Kenneth W. Fent. (2020) Development of Fireground Exposure Simulator (FES) Prop for PPE Testing and Evaluation. Fire Technology 56:5, pages 2331-2344.
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Ranjit Gill, Susan Hurley, Reber Brown, Darcy Tarrant, Joginder Dhaliwal, Roshni Sarala, June-Soo Park, Sharyle Patton & Myrto Petreas. (2020) Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether and Organophosphate Flame Retardants in Canadian Fire Station Dust. Chemosphere 253, pages 126669.
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Guanlan Zhao, Boris Erazo, Elena Ronda, Francisco Brocal & Enrique Regidor. (2020) Mortality Among Firefighters in Spain: 10 Years of Follow-up. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64:6, pages 614-621.
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Kenneth W. Fent, Mark LaGuardia, Drew Luellen, Seth McCormick, Alexander Mayer, I-Chen Chen, Steve Kerber, Denise Smith & Gavin P. Horn. (2020) Flame retardants, dioxins, and furans in air and on firefighters’ protective ensembles during controlled residential firefighting. Environment International 140, pages 105756.
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Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Karolina Bralewska & Izabela Jureczko. (2020) BTEXS Concentrations and Exposure Assessment in a Fire Station. Atmosphere 11:5, pages 470.
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Karolina Bralewska & Joanna Rakowska. (2020) Concentrations of Particulate Matter and PM-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Released during Combustion of Various Types of Materials and Possible Toxicological Potential of the Emissions: The Results of Preliminary Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:9, pages 3202.
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Andrzej Polanczyk, Aleksandra Piechota-Polanczyk, Anna Dmochowska, Malgorzata Majder-Lopatka & Zdzislaw Salamonowicz. (2020) Analysis of the Effectiveness of Decontamination Fluids on the Level of Biological Contamination of Firefighter Suits. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:8, pages 2815.
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Tyler R. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Williams & Ashley R. Reynolds. 2020. The Handbook of Applied Communication Research. The Handbook of Applied Communication Research 279 296 .
Jefferey L. Burgess, Christiane Hoppe-Jones, Stephanie C. Griffin, Jin J. Zhou, John J. Gulotta, Darin D. Wallentine, Paul K. Moore, Eric A. Valliere, Sasha R. Weller, Shawn C. Beitel, Leanne M. Flahr, Sally R. Littau, Devi Dearmon-Moore, Jing Zhai, Alesia M. Jung, Fernanda Garavito & Shane A. Snyder. (2020) Evaluation of Interventions to Reduce Firefighter Exposures. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 62:4, pages 279-288.
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Wilbert van den Eijnde, Ronald Heus, Denise Falcone, Malou Peppelman & Piet van Erp. (2020) Skin Barrier Impairment due to the Occlusive Effect of Firefighter Clothing. Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64:3, pages 331-337.
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Gretchen B. Macy, Jooyeon Hwang, Ritchie Taylor, Vijay Golla, Charles Cann & Brittney Gates. (2019) Examining Behaviors Related to Retirement, Cleaning, and Storage of Turnout Gear Among Rural Firefighters. Workplace Health & Safety 68:3, pages 129-138.
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Kenneth W. Fent, Christine Toennis, Deborah Sammons, Shirley Robertson, Stephen Bertke, Antonia M. Calafat, Joachim D. Pleil, M. Ariel Geer Wallace, Steve Kerber, Denise Smith & Gavin P. Horn. (2019) Firefighters’ absorption of PAHs and VOCs during controlled residential fires by job assignment and fire attack tactic. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology 30:2, pages 338-349.
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Marta Oliveira, Solange Costa, Josiana Vaz, Adília Fernandes, Klara Slezakova, Cristina Delerue-Matos, João Paulo Teixeira, Maria Carmo Pereira & Simone Morais. (2020) Firefighters exposure to fire emissions: Impact on levels of biomarkers of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and genotoxic/oxidative-effects. Journal of Hazardous Materials 383, pages 121179.
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Pawełt Maciejewski, Małgorzata Gawlik-Kobylińska, Jacek Lebiedź, Witold Ostant & Doğan Aydın. (2020) To Survive in a CBRN Hostile Environment. To Survive in a CBRN Hostile Environment.
Sylwia Krzemińska & Małgorzata Szewczyńska. (2020) Analysis and Assessment of Hazards Caused by Chemicals Contaminating Selected Items of Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment – a Literature Review. Safety & Fire Technology 56:2, pages 92-109.
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Jennifer L.A. Keir, Umme S. Akhtar, David M.J. Matschke, Paul A. White, Tracy L. Kirkham, Hing Man Chan & Jules M. Blais. (2020) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and metal contamination of air and surfaces exposed to combustion emissions during emergency fire suppression: Implications for firefighters' exposures. Science of The Total Environment 698, pages 134211.
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Denise L. Smith, Gavin P. Horn, Bo Fernhall, Richard M. Kesler, Kenneth W. Fent, Stephen Kerber & Thomas W. Rowland. (2019) Electrocardiographic Responses Following Live-Fire Firefighting Drills. Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine 61:12, pages 1030-1035.
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Steve Kerber, John W. Regan, Gavin P. Horn, Kenneth W. Fent & Denise L. Smith. (2019) Effect of Firefighting Intervention on Occupant Tenability during a Residential Fire. Fire Technology 55:6, pages 2289-2316.
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Shovon Bhattacharjee, Rakesh Joshi, Abrar Ahmad Chughtai & Chandini Raina Macintyre. (2019) Graphene Modified Multifunctional Personal Protective Clothing. Advanced Materials Interfaces 6:21, pages 1900622.
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R. Bryan Ormond, Cassandra H. Kwon & Marc C. Mathews. 2019. Symposium on Homeland Security and Public Safety: Research, Applications and Standards. Symposium on Homeland Security and Public Safety: Research, Applications and Standards 286 305 .
M. Ariel Geer Wallace, Joachim D. Pleil, Donald A. Whitaker & Karen D. Oliver. (2019) Recovery and reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons collected on selected sorbent tubes and analyzed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1602, pages 19-29.
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Kenneth W. Fent, Christine Toennis, Deborah Sammons, Shirley Robertson, Stephen Bertke, Antonia M. Calafat, Joachim D. Pleil, M. Ariel Geer Wallace, Steve Kerber, Denise L. Smith & Gavin P. Horn. (2019) Firefighters' and instructors’ absorption of PAHs and benzene during training exercises. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 222:7, pages 991-1000.
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Jooyeon Hwang, Ritchie Taylor, Charles Mac Cann, Vijay Golla & Weylin Gilbert. (2019) Assessment of ambient air diesel particulates in fire departments using different exposure metrics: Pilot study. Fire Safety Journal 106, pages 155-162.
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