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Research Article

Investigating the “Twelfth Man” Effect in Five European Domestic Football Leagues: A COVID-19 Induced Natural Experiment

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Pages 928-942 | Received 07 Oct 2020, Accepted 22 May 2021, Published online: 26 Aug 2021

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Read on this site (4)

Bruno P. Couto & Mark G.L. Sayers. (2023) Crowd social pressure in the Brazilian soccer league: testing home advantage and referees’ bias during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 21:4, pages 673-688.
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Articles from other publishers (4)

Mobolaji Alabi & Andrew Urquhart. (2023) Football finance and Covid-19. Sports Economics Review 4, pages 100021.
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Sihang Wang & Yang Qin. (2023) The impact of crowd effects on home advantage of football matches during the COVID-19 pandemic—A systematic review. PLOS ONE 18:11, pages e0289899.
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Fabrizio Sors, Michele Grassi, Tiziano Agostini & Mauro Murgia. (2022) A complete season with attendance restrictions confirms the relevant contribution of spectators to home advantage and referee bias in association football. PeerJ 10, pages e13681.
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J. James Reade, Dominik Schreyer & Carl Singleton. (2021) Eliminating supportive crowds reduces referee bias. Economic Inquiry 60:3, pages 1416-1436.
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