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Review

Preservatives in topical ophthalmic medications: historical and clinical perspectives

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Pages 59-64 | Published online: 09 Jan 2014

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (16)

Michele Figus, Luca Agnifili, Manuela Lanzini, Lorenza Brescia, Francesco Sartini, Leonardo Mastropasqua & Chiara Posarelli. (2021) Topical preservative-free ophthalmic treatments: an unmet clinical need. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 18:6, pages 655-672.
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Anastasios G. Konstas, Antoine Labbé, Andreas Katsanos, Frances Meier-Gibbons, Murat Irkec, Konstadinos G. Boboridis, Gábor Holló, Julián García-Feijoo, Gordon N. Dutton & Christophe Baudouin. (2021) The treatment of glaucoma using topical preservative-free agents: an evaluation of safety and tolerability. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 20:4, pages 453-466.
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Karen Walsh & Lyndon Jones. (2019) The use of preservatives in dry eye drops. Clinical Ophthalmology 13, pages 1409-1425.
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John Thygesen. (2018) Glaucoma therapy: preservative-free for all?. Clinical Ophthalmology 12, pages 707-717.
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Konstadinos G. Boboridis & Anastasios G.P. Konstas. (2018) Evaluating the novel application of cyclosporine 0.1% in ocular surface disease. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 19:9, pages 1027-1039.
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Gail Torkildsen, Sherryl Frisch, Mingqi Bai, Louis Gentner$suffix/text()$suffix/text(), Uday Doshi & Jane Zhang. (2016) Safety and comfort evaluation of a new formulation of Visine® lubricant eye drops containing HydroBlend™ and GentlePur™. Clinical Ophthalmology 10, pages 331-336.
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Tejaswini Walimbe, Vidya Chelerkar, Purvi Bhagat, Abhijeet Joshi & Atul Raut. (2016) Effect of benzalkonium chloride-free latanoprost ophthalmic solution on ocular surface in patients with glaucoma. Clinical Ophthalmology 10, pages 821-827.
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Alberto Aguayo Bonniard, Jacky Y. Yeung, Clara C. Chan & Catherine M. Birt. (2016) Ocular surface toxicity from glaucoma topical medications and associated preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK). Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology 12:11, pages 1279-1289.
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Anastasios G. P. Konstas & Gabor Holló. (2016) Preservative-free tafluprost/timolol fixed combination: a new opportunity in the treatment of glaucoma. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 17:9, pages 1271-1283.
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Marcella Nebbioso, Mariasilvia Evangelista, Aloisa Librando, Dario Di Blasio & Nicola Pescosolido. (2012) Fixed topical combinations in glaucomatous patients and ocular discomfort. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 13:13, pages 1829-1835.
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Maurizio Rolando, Julie Y Crider & Malik Y Kahook. (2011) Ophthalmic preservatives: focus on polyquaternium-1. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 8:11, pages 1425-1438.
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Daoud Al-Badriyeh, Chin Fen Neoh, Kay Stewart & David CM Kong. (2010) Clinical utility of voriconazole eye drops in ophthalmic fungal keratitis. Clinical Ophthalmology 4, pages 391-405.
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Cristiana Valente & Michele Iester. (2010) Impact of glaucoma medication on ocular tissue. Expert Review of Ophthalmology 5:3, pages 405-412.
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Indu Pal Kaur, Shruti Lal, Cheena Rana, Shilpa Kakkar & Harinder Singh. (2009) Ocular preservatives: associated risks and newer options. Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology 28:3, pages 93-103.
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Articles from other publishers (64)

Anne Hedengran Nagstrup. (2023) The use of benzalkonium chloride in topical glaucoma treatment. Acta Ophthalmologica 101:S278, pages 3-21.
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Nathan M. Radcliffe, Manjool Shah & Thomas W. Samuelson. (2023) Challenging the "Topical Medications-First” Approach to Glaucoma: A Treatment Paradigm in Evolution. Ophthalmology and Therapy 12:6, pages 2823-2839.
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Ahed Raad Hameed & Athmar DH. H. Al-Shohani. (2023) Preservatives in ophthalmic formulations and the urgent need for preservative-free formulation. Bionatura 8:CSS 3, pages 1-22.
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Anne Hedengran & Miriam Kolko. (2023) The molecular aspect of anti-glaucomatous eye drops - are we harming our patients?. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 93, pages 101195.
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Noémie Bonneau, Anaïs Potey, Michael-Adrien Vitoux, Romain Magny, Camille Guerin, Christophe Baudouin, Jean-Michel Peyrin, Françoise Brignole-Baudouin & Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo. (2023) Corneal neuroepithelial compartmentalized microfluidic chip model for evaluation of toxicity-induced dry eye. The Ocular Surface 30, pages 307-319.
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Tom Paterson, Serap Azizoglu, Moneisha Gokhale, Madeline Chambers & Cenk Suphioglu. (2023) Preserved Ophthalmic Anti-Allergy Medication in Cumulatively Increasing Risk Factors of Corneal Ectasia. Biology 12:7, pages 1036.
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Priyanka Rathee, Renu Sehrawat, Pooja Rathee, Anurag Khatkar, Esra Küpeli Akkol, Sarita Khatkar, Neelam Redhu, Gizem Türkcanoğlu & Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez. (2023) Polyphenols: Natural Preservatives with Promising Applications in Food, Cosmetics and Pharma Industries; Problems and Toxicity Associated with Synthetic Preservatives; Impact of Misleading Advertisements; Recent Trends in Preservation and Legislation. Materials 16:13, pages 4793.
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Priyanka Agarwal & Ilva D. Rupenthal. (2023) Non-aqueous formulations in topical ocular drug delivery – A paradigm shift?. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 198, pages 114867.
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Maria Francesca Cordeiro, Stefano Gandolfi, Konstantin Gugleta, Eduardo M. Normando & Francesco Oddone. (2023) How latanoprost changed glaucoma management. Acta Ophthalmologica.
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Nathan Radcliffe. (2023) The case for standalone micro-invasive glaucoma surgery: rethinking the role of surgery in the glaucoma treatment paradigm. Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 34:2, pages 138-145.
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Charis B. Hoppe, Sean Yonamine, Brandon W. Kao, Marcus L. Turner, Yvonne Ou, Ying Han, Jeremy D. Keenan & Julius T. Oatts. (2023) Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of the Nanodropper Device for Pupillary Dilation and Cycloplegia in Children. Ophthalmology 130:3, pages 324-330.
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Katarzyna Asendrych-Wicik, Jakub Zarczuk, Katarzyna Walaszek, Tomasz Ciach & Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka. (2023) Trends in development and quality assessment of pharmaceutical formulations - F2α analogues in the glaucoma treatment. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 180, pages 106315.
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Giulia Coco, Danilo Iannetta, Igino Febbraro, Ester Elmo & Gianluca Manni. (2022) Efficacy of Nonpreserved Sodium Hyaluronate Artificial Tears in Dry Eye Disease Patients Treated with Prostaglandin Analogs for Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Prospective, Nonrandomized, Open-Label Pilot Study. Journal of Ophthalmology 2022, pages 1-8.
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Katia Iskandar, Loïc Marchin, Laurent Kodjikian, Maxime Rocher & Christine Roques. (2022) Highlighting the Microbial Contamination of the Dropper Tip and Cap of In-Use Eye Drops, the Associated Contributory Factors, and the Risk of Infection: A Past-30-Years Literature Review. Pharmaceutics 14:10, pages 2176.
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Ali KucukodukIrem Mukaddes DurmusMustafa AksoySerdar Karakurt. (2022) Cytotoxic, Apoptotic, and Oxidative Effects of Preserved and Preservative-Free Brimonidine in a Corneal Epithelial Cell Line. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 38:8, pages 576-583.
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Mohd Abul Kalam, Muzaffar Iqbal, Abdullah Alshememry, Musaed Alkholief & Aws Alshamsan. (2022) Fabrication and Characterization of Tedizolid Phosphate Nanocrystals for Topical Ocular Application: Improved Solubilization and In Vitro Drug Release. Pharmaceutics 14:7, pages 1328.
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Jeong Yeub Kim & Jae Woo Kim. (2022) Effect of the Preservative Benzalkonium Chloride in Prostaglandin Analogues on Corneal Sensitivity. Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 63:3, pages 295-300.
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Sang-Woo Park, Jiwoong Lee & Michael Kook. (2022) Efficacy, Safety and Patient-Reported Outcomes with Preservative-Free (PF) Tafluprost or PF-Dorzolamide/Timolol Compared with Preserved Latanoprost: A Prospective Multicenter Study in Korean Glaucoma Patients with Ocular Surface Disease. Pharmaceuticals 15:2, pages 201.
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Michael H. Goldstein, Fabiana Q. Silva, Nysha Blender, Trung Tran & Srilatha Vantipalli. (2021) Ocular benzalkonium chloride exposure: problems and solutions. Eye 36:2, pages 361-368.
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Jiwon Kim, Kyung Ehi Zoh, Hana Kim & Dong-Uk Park. (2021) A Review on the Health Risks Associated with the Use of Products Containing Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC), Focusing on Humidifier Disinfectant Products. Journal of Environmental Health Sciences 47:6, pages 513-520.
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Lech Sedlak, Marta Świerczyńska, Weronika Borymska, Maria Zych & Dorota Wyględowska-Promieńska. (2021) Impact of dorzolamide, benzalkonium-preserved dorzolamide and benzalkonium-preserved brinzolamide on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the tear film. BMC Ophthalmology 21:1.
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Angela Bonaccorso, Veronica Pepe, Cristina Zappulla, Cinzia Cimino, Angelo Pricoco, Giovanni Puglisi, Francesco Giuliano, Rosario Pignatello & Claudia Carbone. (2021) Sorafenib Repurposing for Ophthalmic Delivery by Lipid Nanoparticles: A Preliminary Study. Pharmaceutics 13:11, pages 1956.
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Omer Ersin Muz, Kenan Dagdelen, Tuncay Pirdal & Mete Guler. (2021) Comparison of BAK-preserved latanoprost and polyquad-preserved travoprost on ocular surface parameters in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. International Ophthalmology 41:11, pages 3825-3835.
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Peter W.J. Morrison & Vitaliy V. Khutoryanskiy. 2021. Fundamentals of Drug Delivery. Fundamentals of Drug Delivery 349 375 .
D. A. Dorofeev, A. Yu. Brezhnev, I. R. Gazizova, M. A. Glasunova, E. V. Kirilik, A. V. Kuroedov, A. V. Seleznev & A. G. Shukurov. (2021) Prerequisites to Use Preservative-Free Drugs in Medication Therapy of Glaucoma. Ophthalmology in Russia 18:3, pages 532-538.
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Yu Qian, Lu Zhang, Xinxin Gu, Lai Wei, Jialin Wang & Yihong Wang. (2021) Biological Synergy and Antimicrobial Mechanism of Hydroxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride Chitosan with Benzalkonium Chloride. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 69:7, pages 612-619.
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Joseph Blondeau & Heleen DeCory. (2021) In Vitro Time-Kill of Common Ocular Pathogens with Besifloxacin Alone and in Combination with Benzalkonium Chloride. Pharmaceuticals 14:6, pages 517.
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Ruiz Simonato Alonso, Helena Parente Solari, Eduardo de França Damasceno, Miguel Noel Nascentes BurnierJr.Jr. & Marcelo Palis Ventura. (2020) The chemotactic properties of various topical brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic preparations. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology 21:1.
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Pascale Dupuis, C. Lisa Prokopich, Alexander Hynes & Harold Kim. (2020) A contemporary look at allergic conjunctivitis. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology 16:1.
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Sunu Mathew, Alon Harris, Colin M. Ridenour, Barbara M. Wirostko, Kendall M. Burgett, Molly D. Scripture & Brent Siesky. (2020) Response to: Management of Glaucoma in Pregnancy. Journal of Glaucoma 29:4, pages e27-e27.
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Harinder Singh Sethi, Sugourab Das, Mayuresh P. Naik & Rajshekhar Vemparala. (2018) BKC and CME: Is benzalkonium chloride hindering our efforts to achieve the desired postoperative visual acuity?. International Ophthalmology 39:9, pages 2129-2136.
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Lemlem Tamrat, Yeshigeta Gelaw, Getenet Beyene & Addisu Gize. (2019) Microbial Contamination and Antimicrobial Resistance in Use of Ophthalmic Solutions at the Department of Ophthalmology, Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019, pages 1-8.
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