94
Views
97
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Volumetric Loading of Alveolar Macrophages (AM): A Possible Basis for Diminished AM-Mediated Particle Clearance

, &
Pages 87-104 | Received 20 Jan 1991, Accepted 13 Apr 1991, Published online: 02 Jul 2009

Keep up to date with the latest research on this topic with citation updates for this article.

Read on this site (15)

Katherine A. Roach, Stacey E. Anderson, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak, Hillary L. Shane, Vamsi Kodali, Michael Kashon & Jenny R. Roberts. (2019) Surface area- and mass-based comparison of fine and ultrafine nickel oxide lung toxicity and augmentation of allergic response in an ovalbumin asthma model. Inhalation Toxicology 31:8, pages 299-324.
Read now
Katherine A. Roach, Aleksandr B. Stefaniak & Jenny R. Roberts. (2019) Metal nanomaterials: Immune effects and implications of physicochemical properties on sensitization, elicitation, and exacerbation of allergic disease. Journal of Immunotoxicology 16:1, pages 87-124.
Read now
Michael S. Werley, Dan J. Kirkpatrick, Michael J. Oldham, Ann M. Jerome, Timothy B. Langston, Patrick D. Lilly, Donna C. Smith & Willie J. Mckinney$suffix/text()$suffix/text(). (2016) Toxicological assessment of a prototype e-cigaret device and three flavor formulations: a 90-day inhalation study in rats. Inhalation Toxicology 28:1, pages 22-38.
Read now
TimothyR. McAuley, Andrea Ferro, JohnD. Spengler, PhilipK. Hopke & PeterA. Jaques. (2010) Spatial Measurements of Ultrafine Particles Using an Engine Exhaust Particle SizerTM within a Local Community Downwind of a Major International Trade Bridge in Buffalo, New York. Aerosol Science and Technology 44:12, pages 1096-1104.
Read now
Heidi M Mansour, Yun-Seok Rhee & Xiao Wu. (2009) Nanomedicine in pulmonary delivery. International Journal of Nanomedicine 4, pages 299-319.
Read now
Hermine Nguea, Aymon de Reydellet, Alain Le Faou, Mohamed Zaiou & Bertrand Rihn. (2008) Macrophage Culture as a Suitable Paradigm for Evaluation of Synthetic Vitreous Fibers. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 38:8, pages 675-695.
Read now
Daniel Krewski, RobertA Yokel, Evert Nieboer, David Borchelt, Joshua Cohen, Jean Harry, Sam Kacew, Joan Lindsay, AmalM Mahfouz & Virginie Rondeau. (2007) Human Health Risk Assessment for Aluminium, Aluminium Oxide, and Aluminium Hydroxide. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B 10:sup1, pages 1-269.
Read now
O. R. Moss & V. A. Wong. (2006) When Nanoparticles Get in the Way: Impact of Projected Area on In Vivo and In Vitro Macrophage Function. Inhalation Toxicology 18:10, pages 711-716.
Read now
Sandra Suarez, Masha Kazantseva, Meenakshi Bhat, Daniel Costa, Anthony J. Hickey. (2001) THE INFLUENCE OF SUSPENSION NEBULIZATION OR INSTILLATION ON PARTICLE UPTAKE BY GUINEA PIG ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES. Inhalation Toxicology 13:9, pages 773-788.
Read now
C. L. Tran, D. Buchanan, R. T. Cullen, A. Searl, A. D. Jones, K. Donaldson. (2000) INHALATION OF POORLY SOLUBLE PARTICLES. II. INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE SURFACE AREA ON INFLAMMATION AND CLEARANCE. Inhalation Toxicology 12:12, pages 1113-1126.
Read now
C. L. Tran, A. D. Jones, R. T. Cullen, K. Donaldson. (1999) MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE RETENTION AND CLEARANCE OF LOW-TOXICITY PARTICLES IN THE LUNG. Inhalation Toxicology 11:12, pages 1059-1076.
Read now
O. Creutzenberg B. Bellmann H. Muhle C. Dasenbrock P. Morrow R. Mermelstein. (1998) LUNG CLEARANCE AND RETENTION OF TONER, TiO2, AND CRYSTALLINE SILICA, UTILIZING A TRACER TECHNIQUE DURING CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE IN SYRIAN GOLDEN HAMSTERS. Inhalation Toxicology 10:7, pages 731-751.
Read now
G. Oberdörster. (1993) Lung Dosimetry: Pulmonary Clearance of Inhaled Particles. Aerosol Science and Technology 18:3, pages 279-289.
Read now

Articles from other publishers (82)

John N. Maina. (2023) A critical assessment of the cellular defences of the avian respiratory system: are birds in general and poultry in particular relatively more susceptible to pulmonary infections/afflictions?. Biological Reviews 98:6, pages 2152-2187.
Crossref
Kevin E. Driscoll. (2022) Review of Lung Particle Overload, Rat Lung Cancer, and the Conclusions of the Edinburgh Expert Panel—It's Time to Revisit Cancer Hazard Classifications for Titanium Dioxide and Carbon Black. Frontiers in Public Health 10.
Crossref
Yanting Li, Teng Shi, Xin Li, Huimin Sun, Xiaowen Xia, Xiaoya Ji, Jianzhong Zhang, Meike Liu, Yongfeng Lin, Rong Zhang, Yuxin Zheng & Jinglong Tang. (2022) Inhaled tire-wear microplastic particles induced pulmonary fibrotic injury via epithelial cytoskeleton rearrangement. Environment International 164, pages 107257.
Crossref
Jin Kwon Kim, Hoi Pin Kim, Jung Duck Park, Kangho Ahn, Woo Young Kim, Mary Gulumian, Günter Oberdörster & Il Je Yu. (2021) Lung retention and particokinetics of silver and gold nanoparticles in rats following subacute inhalation co-exposure. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 18:1.
Crossref
Erika Sato, Sandra A. McDonald, Yuwei Fan, Shaina Peterson, Joseph D. Brain & John J. Godleski. (2020) Analysis of particles from hamster lungs following pulmonary talc exposures: implications for pathogenicity. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 17:1.
Crossref
Maria Grazia Riccelli, Matteo Goldoni, Diana Poli, Paola Mozzoni, Delia Cavallo & Massimo Corradi. (2020) Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:7, pages 2552.
Crossref
F. Paquet, M.R. Bailey, R.W. Leggett, G. Etherington, E. Blanchardon, T. Smith, G. Ratia, D. Melo, T.P. Fell, V. Berkovski & J.D. Harrison. (2019) ICRP Publication 141: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 4. Annals of the ICRP 48:2-3, pages 9-501.
Crossref
Akira Tsuda, Thomas C. Donaghey, Nagarjun V. Konduru, Georgios Pyrgiotakis, Laura S. Van Winkle, Zhenyuan Zhang, Patricia Edwards, Jessica-Miranda Bustamante, Joseph D. Brain & Phillip Demokritou. (2019) Age-Dependent Translocation of Gold Nanoparticles across the Air–Blood Barrier. ACS Nano 13:9, pages 10095-10102.
Crossref
Ekaterina V. Parkhomchuk, Elena A. Prokopyeva, Dayana G. Gulevich, Anrey I. Taratayko, Anatoly M. Baklanov, Peter N. Kalinkin, Sergey A. Rastigeev, Dmitry V. Kuleshov, Kseniya A. Sashkina & Vasiliy V. Parkhomchuk. (2019) Ultrafine organic aerosol particles inhaled by mice at low doses remain in lungs more than half a year. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 62:11, pages 785-793.
Crossref
Angela M. Fonceca, Graeme R. Zosky, Elizabeth M. Bozanich, Erika N. Sutanto, Anthony Kicic, Paul S. McNamara, Darryl A. Knight, Peter D. Sly, Debra J. Turner & Stephen M. Stick. (2018) Accumulation mode particles and LPS exposure induce TLR-4 dependent and independent inflammatory responses in the lung. Respiratory Research 19:1.
Crossref
Wolfgang G. Kreyling, Winfried Möller, Uwe Holzwarth, Stephanie Hirn, Alexander Wenk, Carsten Schleh, Martin Schäffler, Nadine Haberl, Neil Gibson & Johannes C. Schittny. (2018) Age-Dependent Rat Lung Deposition Patterns of Inhaled 20 Nanometer Gold Nanoparticles and their Quantitative Biokinetics in Adult Rats. ACS Nano 12:8, pages 7771-7790.
Crossref
R.K. Wolff. 2018. Comprehensive Toxicology. Comprehensive Toxicology 294 314 .
Maria Jose Morilla & Eder Lilia Romero. 2018. Nanomaterials: Ecotoxicity, Safety, and Public Perception. Nanomaterials: Ecotoxicity, Safety, and Public Perception 133 165 .
Peter Laux, Christian Riebeling, Andy M. Booth, Joseph D. Brain, Josephine Brunner, Cristina Cerrillo, Otto Creutzenberg, Irina Estrela-Lopis, Thomas Gebel, Gunnar Johanson, Harald Jungnickel, Heiko Kock, Jutta Tentschert, Ahmed Tlili, Andreas Schäffer, Adriënne J.A.M. Sips, Robert A. Yokel & Andreas Luch. (2017) Biokinetics of nanomaterials: The role of biopersistence. NanoImpact 6, pages 69-80.
Crossref
E.V. Parkhomchuk, D.G. Gulevich, A.I. Taratayko, A.M. Baklanov, A.V. Selivanova, T.A. Trubitsyna, I.V. Voronova, P.N. Kalinkin, A.G. Okunev, S.A. Rastigeev, V.A. Reznikov, V.S. Semeykina, K.A. Sashkina & V.V. Parkhomchuk. (2016) Ultrasensitive detection of inhaled organic aerosol particles by accelerator mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 159, pages 80-88.
Crossref
Melissa A. Bates, Christina Brandenberger, Ingeborg I. Langohr, Kazuyoshi Kumagai, Adam L. Lock, Jack R. Harkema, Andrij Holian & James J. Pestka. (2016) Silica-Triggered Autoimmunity in Lupus-Prone Mice Blocked by Docosahexaenoic Acid Consumption. PLOS ONE 11:8, pages e0160622.
Crossref
Eileen D. Kuempel & Vincent Castranova. 2016. Assessing Nanoparticle Risks to Human Health. Assessing Nanoparticle Risks to Human Health 45 82 .
Paul Borm, Flemming R Cassee & Günter Oberdörster. (2015) Lung particle overload: old school –new insights?. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 12:1.
Crossref
Helinor Johnston, David M. Brown, Nilesh Kanase, Matthew Euston, Birgit K. Gaiser, Calum T. Robb, Elisabeth Dyrynda, Adriano G. Rossi, Euan R. Brown & Vicki Stone. (2015) Mechanism of neutrophil activation and toxicity elicited by engineered nanomaterials. Toxicology in Vitro 29:5, pages 1172-1184.
Crossref
Gee W Lau. (2015) Helical Carbon Nanotubes Alter F-Actin and ARP2 Distribution in Macrophages and Inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phagocytosis in an Intracellular Accumulation-Dependent Manner. Journal of Nanomedicine Research 2:1.
Crossref
Imre Redai & Angela Haczku. 2015. Air Pollution and Health Effects. Air Pollution and Health Effects 119 149 .
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2014) Derivation of occupational exposure levels (OELs) of Low-toxicity isometric biopersistent particles: how can the kinetic lung overload paradigm be used for improved inhalation toxicity study design and OEL-derivation?. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 11:1.
Crossref
. (2014) Human and Animal Evidence Supports Lower Occupational Exposure Limits for Poorly-Soluble Respirable Particles<subtitle>Letter to the Editor re: ‘Low-Toxicity Dusts: Current Exposure Guidelines Are Not Sufficiently Protective’ by Cherrie, Brosseau, Hay and Donaldson</subtitle>. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene.
Crossref
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2014) Repeated inhalation exposure of rats to an anionic high molecular weight polymer aerosol: Application of prediction models to better understand pulmonary effects and modes of action. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 66:5-6, pages 243-256.
Crossref
. 2002. The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety 1 78 .
. 2002. The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety 1 78 .
Ben Forbes, Raegan O'Lone, Philippa Pribul Allen, Anthony Cahn, Chris Clarke, Mark Collinge, Lea Ann Dailey, Louise E. Donnelly, Joseph Dybowski, David Hassall, Deon Hildebrand, Rhys Jones, Joanne Kilgour, Jan Klapwijk, Curtis C. Maier, Tim McGovern, Kristen Nikula, Joel D. Parry, Matthew D. Reed, Ian Robinson, Lindsay Tomlinson & Alison Wolfreys. (2014) Challenges for inhaled drug discovery and development: Induced alveolar macrophage responses. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 71, pages 15-33.
Crossref
. 2002. The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety. The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety 1 12 .
Kristen J. Nikula, Jeffrey E. McCartney, Timothy McGovern, Glen K. Miller, Marielle Odin, Michael V. Pino & Matthew D. Reed. (2013) STP Position Paper. Toxicologic Pathology 42:3, pages 472-486.
Crossref
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2014) The metrics of MWCNT-induced pulmonary inflammation are dependent on the selected testing regimen. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 68:3, pages 343-352.
Crossref
David J. Lewis, Thomas C. Williams & Steven L. Beck. (2014) Foamy macrophage responses in the rat lung following exposure to inhaled pharmaceuticals: a simple, pragmatic approach for inhaled drug development. Journal of Applied Toxicology 34:4, pages 319-331.
Crossref
Petra Haberzettl, Aruni Bhatnagar & Daniel J. Conklin. 2014. Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants. Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants 1557 1586 .
Xiang Wang, Zhaoxia Ji, Chong Hyun Chang, Haiyuan Zhang, Meiying Wang, Yu‐Pei Liao, Sijie Lin, Huan Meng, Ruibin Li, Bingbing Sun, Laura Van Winkle, Kent E. Pinkerton, Jeffrey I. Zink, Tian Xia & André E. Nel. (2013) Use of Coated Silver Nanoparticles to Understand the Relationship of Particle Dissolution and Bioavailability to Cell and Lung Toxicological Potential. Small 10:2, pages 385-398.
Crossref
A. E. Nel. (2013) Implementation of alternative test strategies for the safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials. Journal of Internal Medicine 274:6, pages 561-577.
Crossref
Ken Donaldson & Craig A Poland. (2013) Nanotoxicity: challenging the myth of nano-specific toxicity. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 24:4, pages 724-734.
Crossref
Martin J. D. Clift & Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser. 2013. Oxidative Stress and Nanotechnology. Oxidative Stress and Nanotechnology 115 133 .
Lang Tran, Laura MacCalman & Rob Aitken. 2012. The Toxicology of Carbon Nanotubes. The Toxicology of Carbon Nanotubes 224 239 .
Lan Ma-Hock, Robert Landsiedel, Karin Wiench, Dominik Geiger, Volker Strauss, Sibylle Gröters, Bennard van Ravenzwaay, Matthias Gerst, Wendel Wohlleben & Gertrud Scherer. (2012) Short-Term Rat Inhalation Study With Aerosols of Acrylic Ester-Based Polymer Dispersions Containing a Fraction of Nanoparticles. International Journal of Toxicology 31:1, pages 46-57.
Crossref
Martin J. D. Clift, Fabian Blank, Peter Gehr & Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser. 2009. General, Applied and Systems Toxicology. General, Applied and Systems Toxicology.
Martin J. D. Clift, Peter Gehr & Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser. (2010) Nanotoxicology: a perspective and discussion of whether or not in vitro testing is a valid alternative. Archives of Toxicology 85:7, pages 723-731.
Crossref
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2011) Poorly soluble particulates: Searching for a unifying denominator of nanoparticles and fine particles for DNEL estimation. Toxicology 279:1-3, pages 176-188.
Crossref
Ben Forbes, Bahman Asgharian, Lea Ann Dailey, Douglas Ferguson, Per Gerde, Mark Gumbleton, Lena Gustavsson, Colin Hardy, David Hassall, Rhys Jones, Ruth Lock, Janet Maas, Tim McGovern, Gary R. Pitcairn, Graham Somers & Ron K. Wolff. (2011) Challenges in inhaled product development and opportunities for open innovation. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 63:1-2, pages 69-87.
Crossref
Armelle Baeza-Squiban & Sophie Lanone. 2011. Nanoethics and Nanotoxicology. Nanoethics and Nanotoxicology 37 61 .
Martin J.D. Clift, Sourav Bhattacharjee, David M. Brown & Vicki Stone. (2010) The effects of serum on the toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles. Toxicology Letters 198:3, pages 358-365.
Crossref
Manas Ray & Twisha Lahiri. 2010. Air Pollution. Air Pollution 165 201 .
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2010) Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Baytubes®): Approach for derivation of occupational exposure limit. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 57:1, pages 78-89.
Crossref
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2010) Subchronic 13-Week Inhalation Exposure of Rats to Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Toxic Effects Are Determined by Density of Agglomerate Structures, Not Fibrillar Structures. Toxicological Sciences 113:1, pages 226-242.
Crossref
R.K. Wolff & M.A. Dorato. 2010. Comprehensive Toxicology. Comprehensive Toxicology 225 245 .
P.A. Valberg, J. Bruch & R.J. McCunney. (2009) Are rat results from intratracheal instillation of 19 granular dusts a reliable basis for predicting cancer risk?. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 54:1, pages 72-83.
Crossref
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2009) Pulmonary Toxicity and Fate of Agglomerated 10 and 40 nm Aluminum Oxyhydroxides following 4-Week Inhalation Exposure of Rats: Toxic Effects are Determined by Agglomerated, not Primary Particle Size. Toxicological Sciences 109:1, pages 152-167.
Crossref
Jürgen Pauluhn. (2009) Retrospective analysis of 4-week inhalation studies in rats with focus on fate and pulmonary toxicity of two nanosized aluminum oxyhydroxides (boehmite) and pigment-grade iron oxide (magnetite): The key metric of dose is particle mass and not particle surface area. Toxicology 259:3, pages 140-148.
Crossref
S. Weichenthal, A. Dufresne & C. Infante-Rivard. (2007) Indoor ultrafine particles and childhood asthma: exploring a potential public health concern. Indoor Air 17:2, pages 81-91.
Crossref
Ken Donaldson & Paul Borm. 2006. Particle Toxicology. Particle Toxicology 1 12 .
Günter Oberdörster, Eva Oberdörster & Jan Oberdörster. (2005) Nanotoxicology: An Emerging Discipline Evolving from Studies of Ultrafine Particles. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:7, pages 823-839.
Crossref
Charles W. Purdy, Robert C. Layton, David C. Straus & J. R. Ayers. (2005) Virulence of fungal spores determined by tracheal inoculation of goats following inhalation of aerosolized sterile feedyard dust. American Journal of Veterinary Research 66:4, pages 615-622.
Crossref
Helmut A Greim. (2004) Research needs to improve risk assessment of fiber toxicity. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 553:1-2, pages 11-22.
Crossref
Juha Jussila, Hannu Komulainen, Veli-Matti Kosma, Jukka Pelkonen & Maija-Riitta Hirvonen. (2002) Inflammatory potential of the spores of Penicillium spinulosum isolated from indoor air of a moisture-damaged building in mouse lungs. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 12:3, pages 137-145.
Crossref
Dale W. Porter, Lyndell Millecchia, Victor A. Robinson, Ann Hubbs, Patsy Willard, Donna Pack, Dawn Ramsey, Jeff McLaurin, Amir Khan, Douglas Landsittel, Alexander Teass & Vincent Castranova. (2002) Enhanced nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production and damage after inhalation of silica. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 283:2, pages L485-L493.
Crossref
Alfred P. Wehner. (2002) Cosmetic Talc Should Not Be Listed as a Carcinogen: Comments on NTP's Deliberations to List Talc as a Carcinogen. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 36:1, pages 40-50.
Crossref
Vincent Castranova, Dale Porter, Lyndell Millecchia, Jane Y. C. Ma, Ann F. Hubbs & Alexander Teass. 2002. Oxygen/Nitrogen Radicals: Cell Injury and Disease. Oxygen/Nitrogen Radicals: Cell Injury and Disease 177 184 .
DIANNE M. WALTERS, PATRICK N. BREYSSE & MARSHA WILLS-KARP. (2001) Ambient Urban Baltimore Particulate-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation in Mice. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 164:8, pages 1438-1443.
Crossref
Eileen D. Kuempel, Ellen J. O'Flaherty, Leslie T. Stayner, Randall J. Smith, Francis H.Y. Green & Val Vallyathan. (2001) A Biomathematical Model of Particle Clearance and Retention in the Lungs of Coal Miners. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 34:1, pages 69-87.
Crossref
L.C. Renwick, K. Donaldson & A. Clouter. (2001) Impairment of Alveolar Macrophage Phagocytosis by Ultrafine Particles. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 172:2, pages 119-127.
Crossref
Magnus Svartengren & Katharina Svartengren. 2000. Particle-Lung Interactions. Particle-Lung Interactions 171 225 .
Andrew Churg. 2000. Particle-Lung Interactions. Particle-Lung Interactions 401 435 .
MARTINA DÖRGER & FRITZ KROMBACH. (2000) Interaction of Alveolar Macrophages with Inhaled Mineral Particulates. Journal of Aerosol Medicine 13:4, pages 369-380.
Crossref
M. Junker, M. Kasper, M. Röösli, M. Camenzind, N. Künzli, Ch. Monn, G. Theis & Ch. Braun-Fahrländer. (2000) Airborne particle number profiles, particle mass distributions and particle-bound PAH concentrations within the city environment of Basel: an assessment as part of the BRISKA Project. Atmospheric Environment 34:19, pages 3171-3181.
Crossref
L.Daniel Maxim, Richard W. Mast, M.J. Utell, C.P. Yu, Paul M. Boymel, Bruce K. Zoitos & James E. Cason. (1999) Hazard Assessment and Risk Analysis of Two New Synthetic Vitreous Fibers. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 30:1, pages 54-74.
Crossref
William MacNee & Kenneth Donaldson. 1999. Air Pollution and Health. Air Pollution and Health 653 672 .
K Donaldson, X.Y Li & W MacNee. (1998) Ultrafine (nanometre) particle mediated lung injury. Journal of Aerosol Science 29:5-6, pages 553-560.
Crossref
F Krombach, S Münzing, A M Allmeling, J T Gerlach, J Behr & M Dörger. (1997) Cell size of alveolar macrophages: an interspecies comparison.. Environmental Health Perspectives 105:suppl 5, pages 1261-1263.
Crossref
D.B. Warheit, J.F. Hansen, I.S. Yuen, D.P. Kelly, S.I. Snajdr & M.A. Hartsky. (1997) Inhalation of High Concentrations of Low Toxicity Dusts in Rats Results in Impaired Pulmonary Clearance Mechanisms and Persistent Inflammation. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 145:1, pages 10-22.
Crossref
G. PATRICK & C. STIRLING. (1997) Slow Clearance of Different-Sized Particles from Rat Trachea. Journal of Aerosol Medicine 10:1, pages 55-65.
Crossref
P.E. MORROW. 1997. Carcinogenicity of Inorganic Substances. Carcinogenicity of Inorganic Substances 117 133 .
Octavio Gonz�lez, R. Lane Smith & Stuart B. Goodman. (1996) Effect of size, concentration, surface area, and volume of polymethylmethacrylate particles on human macrophagesin vitro. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 30:4, pages 463-473.
Crossref
Roger McClellan & Rogene HendersonM Snipes. 1995. Concepts In Inhalation Toxicology. Concepts In Inhalation Toxicology 227 257 .
G OberdörsterJ FerinB E Lehnert. (1994) Correlation between particle size, in vivo particle persistence, and lung injury.. Environmental Health Perspectives 102:suppl 5, pages 173-179.
Crossref
P.M. Hext. (2016) Current Perspectives on Particulate Induced Pulmonary Tumours. Human & Experimental Toxicology 13:10, pages 700-715.
Crossref
Juraj Ferin. (1994) Pulmonary retention and clearance of particles. Toxicology Letters 72:1-3, pages 121-125.
Crossref
Alison M. Dorries & Peter A. Valberg. (1992) Heterogeneity of Phagocytosis for Inhaled versus Instilled Material. American Review of Respiratory Disease 146:4, pages 831-837.
Crossref
P.E. Morrow. (1992) Dust overloading of the lungs: Update and appraisal. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 113:1, pages 1-12.
Crossref
BRUCE E. LEHNERT. (1992) "Pulmonary Cell biology-Toxicology. Journal of Aerosol Medicine 5:3, pages 212-219.
Crossref

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.