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Articles

Self-monitoring tendency and fashion involvement: Antecedents and consequences of perceived relative value of mass-customized fashion products in a gift-giving context

自我监督倾向与时尚参与程度:送礼情境下大规模定制时尚产品所感知相对价值的起因与结果

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Pages 324-341 | Received 15 Jan 2019, Accepted 01 Jul 2019, Published online: 30 Aug 2019
 

ABSTRACT

The process of mass customizing a product online hugely eclipses with that of gift selection due to similarity in nature of both the processes where one would devote considerable time, effort, and financial resources as well as cognitive and/or emotional factors. Using the integrated Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) paradigm, this study aims to shed light on the impact of gift-givers’ personal traits on their value perceptions of and attitude toward gifting online mass-customized fashion products to their close family and friends. Using a quantitative approach and a purposive sample, usable responses from 388 Generation Z consumers were obtained. Structural equation modeling results demonstrated that gift-givers’ personal traits had significant impacts on their perception of mass-customized fashion product attributes as well as value perception of such products and, in turn, had an indirect impact on attitude toward purchasing such products as a gift for friends and family. We found that perceived salience of products attributes had the largest impact on the perceived relative value of mass-customized fashion products, which, in turn, positively influence their attitude toward giving online mass-customized fashion products to close family and friends.

随着电子商务逐渐兴起,消费者对其兴趣日益浓厚,人们对共同设计产品愈发自信,线上大规模产品定制成为21世纪之交以来极受欢迎的话题。虽然商业出版物及商业部门对此寄予厚望,但是消费者的接受平平。近日,重新引进的大规模定制产品受到了年轻成年消费者的极大关注。鉴于商业出版物一致称赞Z世代消费者构成了线上大规模定制行业的最佳细分市场,了解这些消费者对大规模定制产品各种属性的评价情况,并明确影响其尤其是在送礼情境下对产品价值感知和相应态度的因素就极为重要。赠送者在这一过程中体现了个人的品味、花费了心思、也传递了对接受者的感情。因为大规模定制产品的过程和礼品的赠送过程由一些相似的环节构成,例如,两者均需要相当长度的时间、精力、财力以及认知和/或情感的付出,所以,消费者对该类产品属性的评估与相关因素对其的影响都尤其重要。

使用刺激-机体-反应(SOR)融合范式,这项研究揭示了赠送者个性特点对其选择线上大规模定制产品时所产生的影响,例如自我监督倾向(指自我监督能力和相关敏感度) 与时尚参与程度这两种特点、他们对该类产品属性的重要性的认可和他们对于该类产品因不同于普通大规模生产产品而具有的相对价值的认知。接下来,该研究通过个人消费者对向家人及密友赠送线上大规模时尚定制产品的态度,考察其对该类产品的相对价值感知程度。

为实现研究目标,该实验采用了定量研究方法。借助于目的性抽样技术,对美国中西部一所大学里修习六种不同时尚商业课程的906名本科生开展在线调查。其中,从Z世代消费者那里收集了共388份有效反馈。之所以有意选择不具有代表性的Z世代消费者,是因为他们正是该项研究的目标群体。Z世代消费者十分在意个性的表达,并且频繁地使用网购。这项在线调查总共获得594份反馈。删除三个残缺和/或无效的反馈结果至三个关键问题后,研究人员最终获得了388份有效反馈来进行数据分析。参与这场调查的女性占总人数比超过百分之九十五,她们的年龄在19至24岁之间。其中,超过四分之三的人标明自己是白种人,其次是非裔美国人。

线上调查问卷中包含12个来自O’Cass(2000)有关自我监督倾向的问题,7个来自O’Cass(2001)有关时尚参与程度的问题,11个来自Hahn和Kim(2016)有关产品属性的问题,以及22个有关价值感知的问题。 所有问题都经过修改以适应将线上大规模时尚定制产品作为礼物的背景情况,并以7分的李克特量表(一种心理反应量表)进行衡量,从1分的“非常不同意”至7分的“非常同意”。此外,还设计了三个问题来衡量赠送者将该类产品选做送给亲友的礼物的态度。 最后,参与者提供了他们个人的人口统计信息。

因果模型分析结果表明,赠送者的个性特点对其大规模定制的时尚产品属性感知以及对此类产品的价值感知有显著影响,进而间接影响其为朋友和家人选购礼物等产品的态度。研究发现,一个人的自我监督倾向(能力)水平直接预测了他对线上大规模定制时尚产品的参与程度,以及对该类产品的相对价值感知。自我监督趋向的能力和敏感度这两个维度所产生的直接和间接影响、消费者的时尚参与程度以及线上大规模时尚产品定制的可感知重要性共同诠释了消费者的多样性,消费者对该类产品所感知的相对价值高于普通大规模生产产品。在预测线上大批量定制产品相对感知价值的三个变量中,该产品重要属性的直接影响力最大,其他变量保持不变,其次是时尚参与程度和自我监督倾向的能力和敏感度维度。综上所述,所有预测变量都直接或间接地解释了消费者对于把线上大规模定制的时尚产品作为礼物送给亲朋好友的态度。

该研究结果为相关学者和从业者做出了重要贡献。鉴于消费者趋向于自我监督,特别是在公共环境中提升自我控制能力,这影响了他们参与时尚活动的程度,同时,比起普通大规模生产的产品,他们对线上大规模定制时尚产品具有更强的价值感知能力。这说明了很重要的一点:市场营销人员应使用这些标准来定位目标客户。追赶时尚潮流的消费者通常会促进时尚的普及和推广过程,因此,定位目标客户显得愈发重要。其次,研究结果表明,在线大规模定制时尚产品的属性很重要,这对其可感知的相对价值产生了最重要的直接影响,从而表明显著的产品属性是该类产品预测可感知相对价值时最大的影响因素。与此同时,这一情况也反过来产生了正面的态度效应,即将大规模定制的时尚产品作为礼物送给家人和朋友。论文结尾说明了研究局限及其未来可开展的研究。

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes

1. Three items include, “Giving a mass-customized product as a gift to a close friend or family member is a great idea,” “Mass-customizing a gift for a close friend or family member is worth spending time and effort,” and “Mass-customizing a gift for a close friend or family member is money well spent.”

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