Gender, parental education, and ability: their interacting roles in predicting GCSE success

Figures & data

Table 1. Boys’ and girls’ Yellis and GCSE results.

	Boys	Girls	p-Value for difference in means
Non-selective schools
Mean Yellis test score	54.47	53.14	0.00
Mean average GCSE score	4.89	5.21	0.00
Mean number of A^∗ to C grades at GCSE	5.61	6.49	0.00
Percentage with at least five A^∗ to C GCSE grades, including in English and mathematics	56	63	0.00
Percentage with at least five A^∗ to B GCSE grades, including in English and mathematics	24.6	31.8	0.00
Mean English GCSE score	5.08	5.57	0.00
Mean mathematics GCSE score	5.05	5.01	0.21
N	5001	5146
Selective schools
Mean Yellis test score	66.87	68.14	0.06
Mean average GCSE score	6.35	6.88	0.00
Mean number of A^∗ to C grades at GCSE	8.71	9.35	0.00
Percentage with at least five A^∗ to C GCSE grades, including in English and mathematics	93	98	0.00
Percentage with at least five A^∗ to B GCSE grades, including in English and mathematics	71.1	91.3	0.00
Mean English GCSE score	6.4	6.94	0.000
Mean mathematics GCSE score	6.48	6.93	0.000
N	391	1182

Figure 1 Sufficiency of a condition A for an outcome O.

Table 2. Truth table with three conditions, non-selective schools.

MALE	YELLIS50	EDU_O_1P	Number	5A_STAR_C_EM	Consistency
0	1	1	1954	1	0.94
0	1	0	282	1	0.87
1	1	1	2075	1	0.86
1	1	0	352	0	0.71
0	0	1	2092	0	0.46
1	0	1	1911	0	0.35
0	0	0	818	0	0.22
1	0	0	663	0	0.18

Table

	Raw coverage	Unique coverage	Consistency
male^∗YELLIS50 +	0.34	0.04	0.93
YELLIS50^∗EDU_O_1P	0.60	0.23	0.90

Figure 2 Venn diagram, more than one condition.

Table 3. Truth table, four factors, non-selective schools.

Row no.	MALE	YELLIS25	YELLIS50	EDU_O_1P	Number	5A_STAR_C_EM	Consistency	Yellis score (mean)
1	0	1	1	1	868	1	0.98	71.6
2	0	1	1	0	79	1	0.96	70.5
3	1	1	1	1	960	1	0.95	72.3
4	0	0	1	1	1086	1	0.91	60.6
5	1	1	1	0	117	1	0.89	70.9
6	0	0	1	0	203	1/0	0.83	59.9
7	1	0	1	1	1115	1/0	0.79	60.6
8	1	0	1	0	235	0	0.63	59.9
9	0	0	0	1	2092	0	0.46	44.5
10	1	0	0	1	1911	0	0.35	44.5
11	0	0	0	0	818	0	0.22	42.4
12	1	0	0	0	663	0	0.18	42.0

Table

	Raw coverage	Unique coverage	Consistency
YELLIS25 +	0.32	0.18	0.96
male^∗YELLIS50^∗EDU_O_1P	0.30	0.16	0.94

Table

	Raw coverage	Unique coverage	Consistency
YELLIS25 +	0.32	0.02	0.96
male^∗YELLIS50+	0.34	0.03	0.93
YELLIS50^∗EDU_O_1P	0.60	0.15	0.90

Table 4. Truth table, selective schools.

Row no.	MALE	YELLIS25	YELLIS50	EDU_D_2P	Number	5A_STAR_B_EM	Consistency	Yellis score (mean)
1	0	1	1	1	347		0.99	75.2
2	0	1	1	0	401		0.97	72.9
3	0	0	1	1	109		0.90	61.4
4	1	1	1	0	153		0.87	75.1
5	1	1	1	1	73		0.86	76.0
6	0	0	1	0	204		0.86	61.5
7	1	0	1	1	24		0.83	62.8
8	0	0	0	1	28		0.64	48.6
9	1	0	1	0	66		0.64	60.5
10	0	0	0	0	93		0.58	49.8
11	1	0	0	0	58		0.28	47.9
12	1	0	0	1	17		0.24	48.9

Table

	Raw coverage	Unique coverage	Consistency
male^∗YELLIS25	0.54	0.54	0.98

Table

	Raw coverage	Unique coverage	Consistency
male^∗YELLIS25 +	0.54	0.29	0.98
male^∗YELLIS50^∗EDU_D_2P	0.33	0.07	0.97

Table

	Raw coverage	Unique coverage	Consistency
male^∗YELLIS50+	0.74	0.13	0.95
YELLIS25 +	0.69	0.10	0.95
YELLIS50^∗EDU_D_2P	0.39	0.02	0.95