Franchisees with multiple stakeholder roles: perceptions and conflict in franchise networks

Figures & data

Table 1. Measurement models: item scales and convergent validity

Measurement Items	Standardized Loadings	T-values	AVE	CR
Conflict
There is a lot of conflict in the relationship between me and my franchisees.	0.81	11.67	0.66	0.85
I frequently disagree with my franchisees.	0.79	11.30
The disagreements I have with my franchisees are usually quite intense.	0.84	12.38
Support
We strongly consider our franchisees goals and values.	0.70	10.17	0.88	0.90
We help our franchisees out, no matter what.	0.75	11.07
We understand and accommodate franchisees problems and needs.	0.94	15.93
We support franchisees whenever possible.	0.88	14.24
Help is readily available for my franchisees when they have a problem.	0.74	10.87

Figure 1. Measurement and structural models with standardized coefficients.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics

Variables	Mean	CustomerPercep	EmployeePercep	InvestorPercep	PartnerPercep	Support	Conflict	SIZE	AGE
CustomerPercep^a	5.17	1
EmployeePercep	1.87	−.093	1
InvestorPercep	3.26	.053	.290**	1
PartnerPercep	6.55	.243**	−.284**	−.127	1
Support	5.93	.046	−.017	.131	.320**	1
Conflict	2.54	−.056	−.012	.070	−.288**	−.325**	1
SIZE	47.36	.006	.079	.102	.086	.109	.022	1
AGE	15.45	.093	−.130	.106	.040	.024	.170*	.322**	1

^aPecept = Perception.

**Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 3. Structural model results

Path	Beta coefficient (standardized)	t-value	Sig*
Direct Effects
Perceived as customers→Support	−0.04	−0.52	No
Perceived as employees→Support	0.06	0.73	No
Perceived as investors→Support	0.16	1.97	Yes
Perceived as partners→Support	0.40	4.66	Yes
Support→Conflict	−0.40	−4.47	Yes
Mediation Effects
Perceived as customers→Support→Conflict (H1a)	0.02		Not supported
Perceived as employees→Support→Conflict (H1b)	−0.02		Not supported
Perceived as investors→Support→Conflict (H2a)	−0.06		Supported
Perceived as partners→Support→Conflict (H2b)	−0.16		Supported

Fit of model: Chi-Square = 75.96, df = 61, p-value = 0.09; RMSEA = 0.03; NFI = 0.94; GFI = 0.94; CFI = 0.98; SRMR = 0.05.

*Sig = significant at 5%.