Elevation of brain magnesium with Swiss chard and buckwheat extracts in an animal model of reduced magnesium dietary intake

Figures & data

Table 1. Study design and timeline for behavioral tests.

	Baseline			Treatment
	Day 1 to 30	Day 31 to 37	Day 38 to 44	Day 1 to 29	Day 30 to 36	Day 37 to 44
Normal or low Mg chow	x	x	x	x	x	x
Treatment				x	x	x
Novel object recognition		Baseline			Treatment
Spontaneous alternations			Baseline		Treatment
Elevated plus maze			Baseline			Treatment
Body weight	Body weight twice weekly

Figure 1. Effect of a short-term moderate reduction of dietary Mg intake (87% normal dietary Mg) on [Mg²⁺]_CSF (a) and [Mg²⁺]_RBC (b). Figure 1(c) and (d) shows the effect on anxiety-like behavior as assessed by percent time spent in open arms and percent entries to open arms of the elevated plus maze. Unpaired t test, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Figure 2. [Mg²⁺]_CSF for animals maintained on magnesium deficient diet (MgD) or control diet before (day 0) and after treatment (day 15) with various magnesium compounds. (a) significantly different from MgD + vehicle (p < 0.05); (b) significantly different from control diet (p < 0.05); (c) significantly different from day 0 (p < 0.02); (d) significantly different from day 0 (p < 0.02). n = 13–15 per group. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Figure 3. Elevation of [Mg²⁺]_CSF before (day 0) and after treatment (day 15) with different magnesium compounds. Data from Figure 2 were calculated and presented as a percentage of baseline level. *Significantly different from MgD + vehicle and control diet groups, p < 0.05. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Figure 4. [Mg²⁺]_RBC before (day 0) and after (day 15) treatment with different magnesium compounds. *Significantly different from baseline (day 0), p < 0.0001. n = 14–15 per group. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Figure 5. Percent time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze before (day 0) and after (day 45) treatment with different magnesium compounds. *Significantly different from control diet group, p < 0.05. n = 14–15 per group. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Figure 6. Percent entries into the open arms of the elevated plus maze before (day 0) and after (day 45) treatment with different magnesium compounds. *Significantly different from control diet group, p < 0.05. n = 14–15 per group. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Figure 7. Recognition index (RI) in the novel object recognition (NOR) test before (day 0) and after (day 45) treatment with different magnesium compounds. *Significantly different from control diet group, p < 0.05. n = 15 per group. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Figure 8. Spontaneous alternation (%) before (day 0) and after (day 45) treatment with different magnesium compounds. n = 14–15 per group. Data presented as mean ± SEM.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, B.F.E.-K., upon reasonable request.