Thermophysical Properties of Sugarcane, Palmyra Palm, and Date-palm Granular Jaggery

Figures & data

Figure 1 Process flow chart for making granular jaggery.

Table 1 Physical characteristics of sugarcane, palmyra palm, and date-palm jaggery granules

Parameter	Sugarcane	Palmyra palm	Date palm
Particle density(g/cc)	1.660	1.690	1.684
Porosity (%)	65.8	65.4	69.5
Angle of repose (degrees)	30	31	30
Mass mean diameter(μm)	221	163	251
CIE Lab Color value
L	86.87	81.77	89.68
a	5.17	11.44	5.29
b	22.00	38.74	24.38

Table 2 Proximate composition of sugarcane, palmyra palm, and date-palm jaggery samples (moisture-free basis)

Parameter, %(w/w)	Sugarcane	Palmyra palm	Date palm
Sucrose	84.40	80.36	83.50
Reducing sugars	10.24	12.41	9.60
Protein	0.77	2.80	1.14
Fat	0.29	0.23	0.21
Ash	3.45	3.14	4.22
Minerals
Fe	0.01	0.01	0.005
Ca	0.77	1.02	1.30
P	0.06	0.03	0.03
Mg	0.01	0.003	0.004

Table 3 Bulk density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat at different moisture contents for three jaggery samples

Moisture content (%db)	Bulk density (kg.m^−3)	Thermal conductivity, W.m^−1. K^−1	Thermal diffusivity, (m^2. s^−1) × 10^6	Specific heat kJ.kg^−1 K^−1
Sugarcane jaggery
2.0	570	0.09	0.12	1.33
4.1	700	0.16	0.11	2.13
5.2	750	0.20	0.10	2.17
8.5	870	0.23	0.10	2.70
11.6	1200	0.36	0.10	2.97
Pamyra-palm jaggery
2.1	590	0.09	0.12	1.24
6.1	880	0.17	0.10	1.96
6.4	920	0.21	0.10	2.32
7.4	970	0.27	0.10	2.81
10.2	1230	0.36	0.10	2.95
Date-palm Jaggery
2.9	510	0.08	0.13	1.19
5.3	630	0.12	0.11	1.79
7.1	820	0.20	0.10	2.41
12.0	970	0.26	0.10	2.64
14.3	1310	0.39	0.10	2.95

Figure 2 Variation of (a) bulk density, (b) thermal conductivity, and (c) specific heat of three granular jaggery samples with moisture content at 30°C.

Figure 3 Variation of thermal conductivity of three granular jaggery samples with bulk density at 30°C.