Characterization of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Seeds and Leaves: Volatile and Non Volatile Extracts

Figures & data

Table 1 The chemical composition of coriander seeds and leaves

Parameter	Seed (g/100 g sample w/w)	Leaves (g/100 g sample w/w)
Moisture	6.2 ± 0.10	86.71 ± 0.11
Crude fat	9.12 ± 0.09	0.95 ± 0.01
Crude protein	12.58 ± 0.77	4.05 ± 0.21
Crude fiber	37.14 ± 0.07	5.24 ± 0.23
Ash	8.59 ± 0.11	1.9 ± 0.05
NFE	26.37 ± 0.76	1.15 ± 0.02
w/w: weight/weight of sample.

Table 2 The main volatile compounds identified from coriander seed essential oil using gas chromatography

Kovat's index	Compound identified	Area %
923	α-Thujene	0.28
933	α-Pinene	7.14
947	Camphene	1.78
966	Sabinene	0.40
975	β-Pinene	0.71
983	Myrcene	0.98
999	Decanal	4.69
1018	D-Limonene	1.36
1024	1, 8 Cineol	0.19
1028	ρ-Cymene	0.90
1031	Limonene	3.10
1048	γ-Terpinene	7.47
1066	2-Decenal	0.63
1071	Decanol	0.81
1083	Linalool	55.49
1118	Camphor	5.59
1165	Bornel	0.41
1170	α-Terpinol	0.81
1240	Geraniol	2.23
1257	(E)-2-Dodecenal	0.79
1360	Geranyl acetate	4.24

Table 3 Compounds identified from coriander leaves essential oil via gas chromatography

Kovat's index	Compound identified	Area %
702	Nonane	0.51
933	α-Pinene	1.90
999	Decanal	1.73
1055	(E)-2-Decenal	32.23
1068	2-Decen-l-ol	5.45
1074	1-Decanol	2.18
1083	Linalool	13.97
1103	Undecanal	2.43
1158	(E)-2-Undecenal	4.31
1169	2-Undecen-l-ol	0.83
1198	Dodecanal	4.07
1215	1-Eicosanol	1.35
1232	1-Tetracosanol	0.48
1257	(E)-2-Dodecenal	7.51
1269	Germacrene	0.35
1283	4-Dodecenal	0.74
1301	Tridecanal	1.09
1359	(E)-2-Tridecenal	3.00
1395	Tetradecanal	1.01
1461	(E)-2-Tetradecenal	6.56
1475	Diallyfumerate	0.34
1483	Carvone	1.40
1498	Pentadecenal	2.47
1685	Hexadecenal	0.70
1731	Phytol methyl stearate	0.15
1856	(E)-2-Hexadecenal	2.94
1893	Heptadecenal	0.30

Table 4 Total phenolic contents in different extracts of coriander

Type of extract	TPC (mg/g)
Methanol extract of leaves	30.25 ± 3.42
Methanol extract of seeds	29.21 ± 2.87
n-Hexane extract of leaves	18.67 ± 1.50
n-Hexane extract of seeds	11.45 ± 1.18

Table 5 DPPH scavenging activity of methanol extracts, n-hexane extracts, and essential oil of coriander leaves and seeds at different concentrations

	% Inhibition
Concentration (μg/mL)	MLE	MSE	n-HLE	n-HSE	SEO	LEO
100	29.68 ± 0.73	20.98 ± 0.66	19.74 ± 0.62	16.26 ± 1.10	26.11 ± 0.57	20.83 ± 1.08
150	32.65 ± 0.55	25.85 ± 0.51	26.52 ± 0.55	21.10 ± 0.87	34.09 ± 1.48	29.85 ± 0.51
200	37.87 ± 0.82	31.92 ± 0.44	33.59 ± 0.51	26.89 ± 0.71	37.75 ± 1.31	36.46 ± 0.51
250	44.32 ± 1.19	40.36 ± 0.51	35.34 ± 0.70	32.18 ± 1.26	45.12 ± 0.91	41.98 ± 1.03
300	52.97 ± 1.00	47.31 ± 0.81	41.79 ± 0.47	37.86 ± 1.10	53.83 ± 0.57	48.39 ± 0.97
500	72.19 ± 0.64	64.40 ± 0.81	60.80 ± 1.01	52.67 ± 2.05	66.48 ± 0.80	56.73 ± 1.82
BHT	81.10 ± 0.82	84.82 ± 0.66	83.85 ± 0.70	83.69 ± 0.71	72.00 ± 0.74	72.00 ± 0.74
MLE: Methanol leaves extract; MSE: Methanol seeds extract; n-HLE: n-Hexane leaves extract; n-HSE: n-Hexane seeds extract; SEO: Seeds essential oil; LEO: Leaves essential oil.

Table 6 Ferric reducing antioxidant power of essential oils and non-volatile extracts of coriander seeds and leaves

	% Inhibition
Concentration (μg/mL)	MLE	MSE	n-HLE	n-HSE	SEO	LEO	BHT
100	0.510 ± 0.02	0.171 ± 0.01	0.386 ± 0.03	0.194 ± 0.01	0.815 ± 0.04	0.734 ± 0.03	1.234 ± 0.06
150	0.588 ± 0.01	0.229 ± 0.02	0.462 ± 0.01	0.284 ± 0.03	0.941 ± 0.01	0.853 ± 0.01	1.425 ± 0.02
200	0.653 ± 0.02	0.301 ± 0.03	0.523 ± 0.02	0.382 ± 0.03	1.044 ± 0.03	0.940 ± 0.02	1.582 ± 0.04
250	0.717 ± 0.03	0.417 ± 0.01	0.591 ± 0.01	0.441 ± 0.01	1.147 ± 0.05	1.032 ± 0.04	1.73 ± 0.07
300	0.751 ± 0.01	0.514 ± 0.03	0.644 ± 0.02	0.523 ± 0.03	1.202 ± 0.02	1.082 ± 0.02	1.821 ± 0.03
500	0.796 ± 0.01	0.593 ± 0.04	0.734 ± 0.04	0.624 ± 0.01	1.274 ± 0.01	1.146 ± 0.01	1.929 ± 0.02
MLE: Methanol leaves extract; MSE: Methanol seeds extract; n-HLE: n-Hexane leaves extract; n-HSE: n-Hexane seeds extract; SEO: Seeds essential oil; LEO: Leaves essential oil.