Major and Minor Element Concentrations in Fermented Shalgam Beverage

Figures & data

Table 1 Operating parameters for ICP-OES

Nebulization gas flow rate	0.55 L min^−1
Auxiliary gas flow rate	0.2 L min^−1
Plasma gas flow rate	17 L min^−1
Sample flow rate	1.5 mL min^−1
Operating power	1450 W
View	Axial
Interface	Shear gas
Sample uptake rate	1.0 mL min^−1
Spray chamber	Cyclonic
Nebulizer type	Meinhard
Nebulizer set up	Instant
Replicates	3
Detection wavelengths (λ/nm)
P	214.914
Na	589.592
K	766.490
Ca	393.366
Mg	279.553
Fe	259.940
Cu	324.754
Zn	213.857
Mn	257.610
Ni	221.647
Pb	220.353
Sn	235.485
Cd	214.440

Table 2 Major element composition of shalgam beverage samples (Mean ± Standard Deviation)

Code	Sample information	Na (g L^−1)	K (g L^−1)	Ca (mg L^−1)	Mg (mg L^−1)	P (mg L^−1)	Mn (mg L^−1)	Fe (mg L^−1)
A	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	5.71 ± 0.071	0.50 ± 0.154	34.49 ± 0.602	38.76 ± 0.482	43.75 ± 0.778	0.32 ± 0.028	0.45 ± 0.052
B	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	5.80 ± 0.556	0.46 ± 0.236	47.07 ± 0.979	30.61 ± 0.414	36.73 ± 1.403	0.34 ± 0.034	0.64 ± 0.025
C	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour	4.77 ± 0.067	0.68 ±0.440	92.29 ± 1.350	48.08 ± 0.144	42.14 ± 0.926	0.12 ± 006	0.35 ± 0.032
D	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	5.20 ± 0.357	0.64 ± 0.031	88.10 ± 1.039	50.03 ± 1.328	42.71 ± 0.669	0.32 ± 0.002	0.61 ± 0.023
E	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	4.99 ± 0.408	0.72 ± 0.137	88.68 ± 0.174	51.70 ± 0.671	54.64 ± 1.266	0.11 ± 0.003	0.36 ± 0.041
F	Water, black carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour	5.29 ± 0.016	0.27 ± 0.194	124.60 ± 0.784	57.66 ± 0.538	51.23 ± 0.915	0.28 ± 0.065	0.45 ± 0.043
G	Water, black carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour	5.25 ± 0.662	0.62 ± 0.523	148.30 ± 0.493	75.38 ± 0.051	82.96 ± 0.335	0.79 ± 0.051	0.75 ± 0.036
H	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	5.25 ± 0.426	0.67 ± 0.094	92.20 ± 0.426	53.18 ± 0.295	48.69 ± 1.134	0.08 ± 0.005	0.49 ± 0.046
I	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour	4.52 ± 0.591	0.72 ± 0.080	58.40 ± 1.222	48.97 ± 0.472	28.56 ± 1.106	0.20 ± 0.004	0.80 ± 0.012
J	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour	4.69 ± 0.533	0.43 ± 0.066	57.47 ± 0.839	44.64 ± 1.094	8.72 ± 1.303	0.08 ± 0.002	0.50 ± 0.013
K	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	4.87 ± 0.421	0.54 ± 0.089	67.08 ± 0.056	52.28 ± 1.159	23.74 ± 1.127	0.40 ± 0.005	0.84 ± 0.033
L	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	4.91 ± 0.688	0.64 ± 0.034	72.52 ± 0.644	60.48 ± 0.482	62.62 ± 1.147	0.16 ± 0.014	0.37 ± 0.013
M	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour,	4.83 ± 0.159	0.59 ± 0.197	94.59 ± 0.670	45.66 ± 0.381	38.29 ± 0.569	0.01 ± 0.002	0.16 ± 0.007
N	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	6.15 ± 0.153	0.53 ± 0.023	34.02 ± 3.025	38.04 ± 2.036	47.49 ± 3.025	0.17 ± 0.002	0.17 ± 0.003
Minimum		4.52	0.27	34.02	30.61	8.72	0.01	0.16
Maximum		6.15	0.72	148.30	75.38	82.96	0.79	0.84

Table 3 Minor and ultra trace element composition of shalgam beverage samples (Mean ± Standard Deviation)

Code	Sample information	Cu (mg L^−1)	Zn (mg L^−1)	Ni (mg L^−1)	Sn (mg L^−1)	Pb (mg L^−1)	Cd (mg L^−1)
A	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	0.27 ± 0.005	nd	0.05 ± 0.001	0.37 ± 0.012	0.11 ± 0.001	0.04 ± 0.012
B	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	0.10 ± 0.002	0.06 ± 0.002	0.07 ± 0.005	0.30 ± 0.021	0.06 ± 0.003	0.01 ± 0.002
C	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour	0.09 ± 0.007	nd	0.04 ± 0.002	0.26 ± 0.034	0.02 ± 0.000	nd
D	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	0.02 ± 0.001	nd	0.04 ± 0.001	0.22 ± 0.014	0.03 ± 0.001	nd
E	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	0.02 ± 0.003	nd	0.03 ± 0.001	0.23 ± 0.021	nd	nd
F	Water, black carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour	0.01 ± 0.003	nd	0.06 ± 0.012	0.23 ± 0.002	nd	nd
G	Water, black carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour	0.03 ± 0.006	nd	0.05 ± 0.003	0.31 ± 0.003	0.01 ± 0.000	0.01 ± 0.000
H	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	0.05 ± 0.001	nd	0.05 ± 0.003	0.21 ± 0.012	nd	nd
I	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour	0.01 ± 0.003	0.23 ± 0.021	0.05 ± 0.002	0.26 ± 0.015	0.03 ± 0.003	nd
J	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour	0.01 ± 0.002	nd	0.04 ± 0.000	0.16 ± 0.002	nd	nd
K	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	nd	nd	0.05 ± 0.001	0.20 ± 0.002	0.03 ± 0.002	nd
L	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	nd	nd	0.06 ± 0.002	0.20 ± 0.035	nd	nd
M	Water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour,	0.03 ± 0.001	nd	0.01 ± 0.006	0.20 ± 0.004	0.01 ± 0.003	nd
N	Deionized water, purple carrot, turnip, salt, red chili powder, bulgur flour, sodium benzoate	nd	nd	0.04 ± 0.008	0.18 ± 0.015	nd	nd
Minimum		0.00	0.00	0.01	0.18	0.00	0.00
Maximum		0.27	0.23	0.07	0.37	0.11	0.04
nd: Not detected.

Table 4 Correlation coefficient between major, minor, and ultra trace element concentrations in shalgam beverage samples

	P	Na	K	Ca	Mg	Fe	Cu	Zn	Mn	Ni	Pb	Sn	Cd
P	1
Na		1
K			1
Ca	0.583 ^**			1
Mg	0.628 ^**			0.823 ^***	1
Fe						1
Cu							1
Zn						0.456*		1
Mn	0.479*				0.477*	0.638 ^**			1
Ni						0.519*				1
Pb				−0.482*	−0.481*		0.873 ^***				1
Sn							0.794 ^***		0.541 ^**		0.780 ^***	1
Cd							0.919 ^***				0.869 ^***	0.819 ^***	1
*p < 0.05; ^** p < 0.01; ^*** p < 0.001.