Discrimination Between the Grain of Spelt and Common Wheat Hybrids and their Parental Forms Using Fourier Transform Infrared–Attenuated Total Reflection

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Hybrids and their parental forms analyzed in the study

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
(TORKA × S10)	(TORKA × S11)	(TORKA × S12)	(TORKA × S14)	(KONTESA × S10)	(KONTESA × S11)	(KONTESA × S12)	(KONTESA × S13)
9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16
(KONTESA × S14)	(ZEBRA × S10)	(ZEBRA × S11)	(ZEBRA × S12)	(ZEBRA × S13)	(ZEBRA × S14)	(S10 × TORKA)	(S11 × TORKA)
17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24
(S12 × TORKA)	(S13 × TORKA)	(S14 × TORKA)	(S10 × KONTESA)	(S11 × KONTESA)	(S12 × KONTESA)	(S13 × KONTESA)	(S14 × KONTESA)
25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32
(TORKA)	(KONTESA)	(ZEBRA)	(S10)	(S11)	(S12)	(S13)	(S14)
T. aestivum	T. aestivum	T. aestivum	T. spelta	T. spelta	T. spelta	T. spelta	T. spelta

TABLE 2 Average log(Abs.) values for the analyzed hybrids and parental forms in the wavenumber ranges corresponding to lipids, amides (I, II, and III), and saccharides; wavenumber ranges were divided based on significant differences between the tested genotype groups

		log (Abs.)
		Hybrids^†
Group of compounds	Wavenumber range (cm^−^1)	Wheat × Spelt	Spelt × Wheat	Collectively	Wheat	Spelt
Lipids	2852.6–2864.1	0.312^ab	0.311^ab	0.312^ab	0.311^b	0.313^a
	2866.1–2891.1	0.312^ab	0.311^b	0.312^ab	0.311^b	0.314^a
	2893.1–2918.1	0.313^ab	0.312^b	0.313^ab	0.312^b	0.315^a
	2916.2–2923.9	0.315	0.314	0.314	0.313	0.316
	2925.9–2954.8	0.313^ab	0.313^ab	0.313^ab	0.312^b	0.315^a
Amides I	1637.5–1676.0	0.320^b	0.319^b	0.319^b	0.318^b	0.324^a
Amides II	1519.8–1550.7	0.315^b	0.314^b	0.315^b	0.314^b	0.318^a
Amides III	1240.2–1309.6	0.316^b	0.315^b	0.316^b	0.315^b	0.318^b
Carbohydrates	898.8–983.6	0.330	0.329	0.329	0.329	0.336
	985.6–1199.7	0.336^b	0.334^b	0.335^b	0.333^b	0.341^a

a, b: Differences between average values within wavenumber ranges are significant at p ≤ 0.01.

^†Mean values for 14 (wheat × spelt), for 10 (spelt × wheat), and for all 24 hybrids (collectively, irrespective of the arrangement of parental taxons).

FIGURE 1 FTIR-ATR spectra for the grain of hybrids and their parental forms. The ranges for lipids, amides I, II, and III, and carbohydrates follow Nauman et al.^[14] The results are expressed as log of absorbance values (log(Abs.)).

FIGURE 2 First derivative of FTIR-ATR spectra for the grain of hybrids and their parental forms. The ranges for lipids, amides I, II, and III, and carbohydrates follow Nauman et al.^[14]

FIGURE 3 Discriminant analysis of FTIR-ATR spectra (log(Abs.)) for wavenumber ranges 575–4500 cm⁻¹. Confidence ellipses were plotted for a probability of 0.669.

TABLE 3 Average values of the first derivates of absorbance spectra for the analyzed hybrids and parental forms in the wavenumber ranges corresponding to lipids, amides (I, II, and III), and saccharides; wavenumber ranges were divided based on significant differences between the tested genotype groups

		Hybrids^†
Group of compounds	Wavenumber range (cm^−^1)	Wheat × Spelt	Spelt × Wheat	Collectively	Common wheat	Spelt
Lipids	2852.6–2862.2	8.598 ·10^−^5	8.814 ·10^−^5	8.697 ·10^−^5	5.507 ·10^−^5	1.282 ·10^−^4
	2864.1–2877.6	1.316 ·10^−^4 ^b	1.194 ·10^−^4 ^b	1.260 ·10^−^4 ^b	1.062 ·10^−^4 ^b	2.294 ·10^−^4 ^a
	2879.6–2954.8	−2.237 ·10^−^5	−3.012 ·10^−^5	−2.592 ·10^−^5	−3.952 ·10^−^5	−2.965 ·10^−^5
Amides I	1647.5–1676.0	−1.302 ·10^−^3 ^a	−1.205 ·10^−^3 ^a	−1.257 ·10^−^3 ^a	−1.121 ·10^−^3 ^a	−1.687 ·10^−^3 ^b
	1645.2–1647.1	3.423 ·10^−^4	1.737 ·10^−^4	8.148 ·10^−^4	2.059 ·10^−^4	1.660 ·10^−^4
Amides II	1519.8–1550.7	−7.069 ·10^−^5 ^b	−8.079 ·10^−^5 ^b	−7.532 ·10^−^5 ^b	−7.823 ·10^−^5 ^b	−1.329 ·10^−^4 ^a
Amides III	1240.2–1309.6	3.555 ·10^−^5 ^a	2.810 ·10^−^5 ^b	3.183 ·10^−^5 ^a	2.946 ·10^−^6 ^b	3.506 ·10^−^5 ^a
Carbohydrates	898.8–983.6	3.155 ·10^−^3 ^ab	3.026 ·10^−^3 ^b	3.085 ·10^−^3 ^b	2.928 ·10^−^3 ^b	3.638 ·10^−^3 ^a
	985.6–1199.7	1.641 ·10^−^3	1.578 ·10^−^3	1.613 ·10^−^3	1.561 ·10^−^3	1.847 ·10^−^3

All designations are the same as in Table 2.

Naumann, A.; Heine, G.; Rauber, R. Efficient discrimination of oat and pea roots by cluster analysis of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Field Crops Research 2010, 119, 78–84.

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar