Purification of Anthocyanins from Extracts of Red Raspberry Using Macroporous Resin

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Physical properties of the test macroporous resins

Name	Surface area (m^2/g)	Average pore diameter (nm)	Polarity	Moisture (%)
NKA-9	250–290	15.5–16.5	Polar	68.38
D102	420–480	12.0–16.0	Polar	48.23
S-8	500–550	9.0–10.0	Polar	67.26
D103	250–300	10.0–16.0	Moderate-polar	58.89
AB-8	480–520	13.0–14.0	Weak-polar	66.27
D101	500–550	9.0–10.0	Non-polar	69.18
D4020	450–500	12.0–16.0	Non-polar	60.76
D3520	480–520	8.5–9.0	Non-polar	53.82
D4006	400–440	6.5–7.5	Non-polar	64.04

FIGURE 1 The adsorption and desorption ratios, adsorption capacity of anthocyanins on different resin.

FIGURE 2 Adsorption and desorption kinetics for anthocyanins on two resins, and adsorption isotherm, dynamic breakthrough, and diffusion curves for anthocyanins on AB-8 resin. (A) Adsorption kinetics curves for anthocyanins on two resins; (B) desorption kinetics curves for anthocyanins on two resins; (C) adsorption isotherms for anthocyanins on AB-8 resin; (D) dynamic breakthrough curve for anthocyanins on AB-8 resin; (E) dynamic desorption curve for anthocyanins on AB-8 resin.

TABLE 2 Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption parameters of anthocyanins on AB-8 resin at different temperatures

Temperature (°C)	Langmuir equation	qm (mg/g)	R^2	Freundlich equation	R^2	1/n
25		19.23	0.9953	qe = 34.69 Ce^0.3776	0.9280	0.3776
30		17.73	0.9990	qe = 31.15 Ce^0.4275	0.9693	0.4275
35		16.67	0.9988	qe = 29.20 Ce^0.4249	0.9847	0.4249

TABLE 3 Effect of different ethanol-water solutions on the static desorption ratio of anthocyanins on AB-8 resin

Concentration of ethanol (%)	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	95
Desorption ratio (%)	81.79 ± 0.70	86.31 ± 0.52	89.21 ± 0.36	89.82 ± 0.41	90.64 ± 0.33	88.65 ± 0.71	88.13 ± 0.64	87.98 ± 0.86	88.63 ± 0.75

FIGURE 3 Mass spectra of fraction 1 and 2. (A) MS spectra in negative mode of fraction 1; (B) MS² spectra in negative mode of fraction 1; (C) MS spectra in negative mode of standard of cyaniding-3-glucoside; (D) MS² spectra in negative mode of standard of cyaniding-3-glucoside; and (E) mass spectrum of fraction 2 obtained with ESI ionization.