Effects of Pre-Harvest Methyl Jasmonate Treatments on Bioactive Compounds and Peel Color Development of “Fuji” Apples

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Effects of pre-harvest methyl jasmonate treatments on the color characteristics (L*, chroma, and hue angle) of “Fuji” apples.

	L*			Chroma			Hue angle
				2010
Application concentration (mg/L)	Oct. 9	Oct. 16	Oct. 23	Oct. 9	Oct. 16	Oct. 23	Oct. 9	Oct. 16	Oct. 23
Control	62.27a	59.61a	54.15a	42.62a	40.67a	38.14a	74.55a	68.27a	63.48a
1120, MeJA	62.73a	59.99a	50.63b	41.37ab	39.43a	37.38ab	72.26ab	63.78b	58.13b
2240, MeJA	60.39ab	55.65ab	48.23bc	40.59bc	39.09a	36.53ab	71.05b	58.17c	56.32b
4480, MeJA	58.45b	53.58b	45.67c	39.28c	38.67a	35.86b	70.14b	54.90d	51.65c
Significance	L*	L****	L***	L**	NS	L**	L*	L***	L****
					2011
	Oct. 11	Oct. 18	Oct. 25	Oct. 11	Oct. 18	Oct. 25	Oct. 11	Oct. 18	Oct. 25
Control	60.60a	57.11a	56.43a	38.37a	36.22a	34.62a	79.96a	69.47a	65.85a
1120, MeJA	58.74ab	55.59ab	53.37b	37.40a	35.47a	33.37ab	77.01b	68.48a	59.78b
2240, MeJA	57.13bc	53.04bc	52.45b	35.68b	34.98a	32.88bc	75.47b	65.52b	57.87b
4480, MeJA	55.51c	51.74c	50.90b	33.95c	32.56b	31.28c	76.67b	62.02c	54.72c
Significance	L**	L***	L*	L****	L**	L**	L**	L**	L**** Q*

n = 160 for the L*, chroma and hue angle (20 fruits × 4 replications × 2 measurements for each fruit);

Means in columns with the same letter do not differ according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test at P < 0.05;

NS, *, **, *** and ****; non-significant at or significant at P = 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0001, respectively; L = linear and Q = quadratic response.

TABLE 2 Effects of pre-harvest methyl jasmonate treatments on the total anthocyanin, total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity of “Fuji” apples.

	Total anthocyanin (μg cyanidin 3-galactoside/g fw)			Total phenolics (μg GAE/g fw)			Total antioxidant capacity (μmol TE/g fw)
					2010
Application concentration (mg/L)	Oct. 9	Oct. 16	Oct. 23	Oct. 9	Oct. 16	Oct. 23	Oct. 9	Oct. 16	Oct. 23
Control	244.1d	363.5d	490.2d	198.4d	193.5c	160.1d	7.17b	5.99b	3.56d
1120, MeJA	324.9c	680.8c	807.3c	212.7c	197.5bc	169.4c	7.47b	5.91b	4.52c
2240, MeJA	462.4b	734.7b	862.9b	236.9b	203.3ab	180.4b	7.59b	6.08b	5.07b
4480, MeJA	572.2a	793.7a	918.3a	281.2a	209.1a	193.5a	8.52a	7.00a	5.73a
Significance	L**** Q**	L**** Q****	L**** Q****	L**** Q***	L***	L****	L***	L* Q*	L****
					2011
	Oct. 11	Oct. 18	Oct. 25	Oct. 11	Oct. 18	Oct. 25	Oct. 11	Oct. 18	Oct. 25
Control	235.9c	377.5d	530.1d	176.1d	173.9c	129.3d	5.85c	4.82c	2.95d
1120, MeJA	329.5b	476.3c	570.0c	199.4c	183.8bc	148.9c	6.27b	5.03c	3.44c
2240, MeJA	488.8a	516.3b	611.1b	249.3b	187.2b	160.4b	6.61b	5.38b	3.93b
4480, MeJA	500.2a	711.3a	828.4a	305.5a	223.8a	183.8a	7.04a	6.26a	4.52a
Significance	L**** Q***	L**** Q***	L**** Q****	L**** Q**	L**** Q*	L****	L****	L***Q*	L****

n = 16 (4 replications × 4 measurements for each application) for the total anthocyanin, total phenolics, and total antioxidant capacity;

Means in columns with the same letter do not differ according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test at P < 0.05;

*, **, ***and ****; significant at P = 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0001, respectively; L = linear and Q = quadratic response.

TABLE 3 Effects of pre-harvest methyl jasmonate treatments on the internal ethylene concentration of “Fuji” apples in 2011.

	Internal ethylene concentration (mg/L)
		2011
Application concentration (mg/L)	Oct. 4	Oct. 11	Oct. 18	Oct. 25
Control	28.96b	42.13c	50.50c	63.70c
1120, MeJA	30.68b	41.98c	54.78c	59.42c
2240, MeJA	32.34b	53.05b	61.30b	68.11b
4480, MeJA	37.98a	59.84a	73.05a	82.14a
Significance	L****	L**** Q*	L**** Q*	L**** Q****

n = 40 for the internal ethylene concentration (10 fruits × 4 replications);

Means in columns with the same letter do not differ according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test at P < 0.05;

*and****; Significant at P = 0.05 and 0.0001, respectively; L = linear and Q = quadratic response.

TABLE 4 Effects of pre-harvest methyl jasmonate treatments on the fruit mass, geometric diameter, fruit flesh firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and starch degradation of “Fuji” apples.

	Fruit mass (g)	Geometric diameter (mm)	Fruit flesh firmness (N)	SSC (%)	Titratable acidity (% malic acid)	Starch degradation^x
Application concentration (mg/L)	2010	2010	2010	2010	2010	2010
Control	196.7	68.58	65.68b	15.1	0.291c	5.8a
1120, MeJA	194.5	67.66	67.60a	14.9	0.333b	6.0a
2240, MeJA	191.3	66.41	67.88a	14.2	0.362a	5.3a
4480, MeJA	193.9	66.55	68.20a	14.6	0.374a	4.4b
	** Q**	Q*	L* Q****	L*	L***	L** Q*
	2011	2011	2011	2011	2011	2011
Control	191.7	70.72	67.26b	13.9	0.395b	6.0a
1120, MeJA	184.3	68.95	68.60b	13.4	0.407b	6.1a
2240, MeJA	187.0	69.37	71.25a	13.3	0.473a	5.3 ab
4480, MeJA	187.3	69.77	73.28a	13.1	0.503a	4.1b
	L** Q***	L* Q****	L****	L**	L****	L** Q*

n = 80 for the fruit mass and geometric diameter (4 replications × 20 fruits for each replication);

n = 240 for flesh firmness (4 replications × 20 fruits for each replication × 3 different measurements for each fruit);

n = 16 for the soluble solids content and titratable acidity (4 replications × 4 different measurements for each replication);

n = 40 for starch degradation (4 replications × 10 fruits for each replication);

^x1 = 100% starch and 8 = 0% starch;

Means in columns with the same letter do not differ according to Duncan’s Multiple Range test at P < 0.05;

*, **, ***, and ****; significant at P = 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, or 0.0001, respectively; L = linear and Q = quadratic response.