Volatile components of white Hypsizygus marmoreus detected by electronic nose and HS-SPME-GC-MS: Influence of four drying methods

Figures & data

Figure 1. Ladar map of five white Hypsizygus marmoreus samples (F: Fresh sample; HD: Hot-air drying; VD: Vacuum drying; MVD: Microwave-vacuum drying; FD: Vacuum-freeze drying).

Figure 2. PCA of five white Hypsizygus marmoreus samples (HD: Hot-air drying; VD: Vacuum drying; MVD: Microwave-vacuum drying; FD: Vacuum-freeze drying).

Table 1. Relative content of volatile compounds in samples of H. marmoreus.

Retention time	Name	Relative content (%)
		Fresh sample	HD	VD	MVD	FD
5.089	1-Hexanol	0.10 ± 0.01	2.14 ± 0.33	—	—	—
5.908	Hexanal	—	—	2.50 ± 0.41	0.87 ± 0.12	—
6.679	2-Methyl-butanoic acid, 2-methyl-	—	3.36 ± 0.42	0.01 ± 0.00	—	—
6.681	2-Cyclohexen-1-one	—	—	0.76 ± 0.09	—	0.77 ± 0.13
6.799	2,5-Dimethyl-pyrazine, 2,5-dimethyl-	—	—	—	3.81 ± 0.53	—
7.183	Acetic acid pentyl ester	—	0.73 ± 0.09	1.06 ± 0.13	—	—
7.349	Benzaldehyde	0.10 ± 0.02	1.80 ± 0.27	1.58 ±	1.20 ± 0.19	0.07 ± 0.01
8.284	1-Acetyl-1H-imidazole	—	0.65 ± 0.08	—	0.23 ± 0.03	—
10.243	1-Octen-3-ol	32.97 ± 2.98	1.83 ± 0.22	2.22 ± 0.37	0.76 ± 0.09	1.27 ± 0.21
10.437	3-Octanone	11.86 ± 1.23	—	—	—	—
10.756	2-Pentyl-furan	0.29 ± 0.04	1.23 ± 0.18	0.80 ± 0.09	—	—
10.892	Phenol	—	0.62 ± 0.08	—	—	—
10.978	2,3-Octanedione	—	1.53 ± 0.18	—	—	—
11.067	3-Octanol	4.72 ± 0.55	—	—	—	0.31 ± 0.04
11.135	2-Methyl-3-octanone,	—	—	2.03 ± 0.25	—	—
11.511	Hexanoic acid 2-methylbutyl ester	—	—	—	1.39 ± 0.18	—
11.637	3,4-Dihydro-2H-pyran	—	—	—	2.28 ± 0.21	—
11.81	Trimethylpyrazine	—	—	—	2.75 ± 0.32	—
11.926	Octanal	0.57 ± 0.07	—	—	—	—
12.053	Propylcyclohexane	—	—	0.38 ± 0.06	—	—
12.153	Dihydro-3-methylene-2(3H)-furanone,	—	—	—	1.21 ± 0.23	0.99 ± 0.15
12.344	3-Octen-2-one	—	1.58 ± 0.24	2.45 ± 0.35	0.67 ± 0.13	2.53 ± 0.33
12.668	Benzeneacetaldehyde	0.15 ± 0.02	0.19 ± 0.03	—	0.60 ± 0.08	—
13.327	(E)-2-Octenal	5.94 ± 0.67	2.36 ± 0.42	—	1.32 ± 0.21	2.22 ± 0.23
13.754	Cyclooctyl alcohol	2.23 ± 0.35	—	—	—	—
13.905	1-Octanol	5.34 ± 0.73	0.43 ± 0.06	—	0.30 ± 0.04	—
13.952	2-Dodecenal	—	—	3.02 ± 0.44	—	—
13.967	1H-Imidazole-2-methanol	—	—	0.70 ± 0.12	—	—
13.982	1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-ethanone	—	—	—	0.68 ± 0.10	—
13.996	Formic acid octyl ester	—	—	—	—	0.33 ± 0.05
14.089	3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine	—	—	—	5.71 ± 0.79	—
14.3	2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazine	—	—	—	0.66 ± 0.11	—
14.878	2-Methyl-3-(2-propenyl)-pyrazine,	—	—	—	0.96 ± 0.13	—
14.897	3,7-dimethyl-1,6-Octadien-3-ol	0.16 ± 0.03	—	—	0.16 ± 0.03	0.82 ± 0.12
14.904	1-Tetradecyne	—	—	—	—	0.67 ± 0.10
15.17	Nonanal	0.76 ± 0.14	0.40 ± 0.05	0.47 ± 0.08	0.69 ± 0.11	—
15.767	Phenylethyl Alcohol	0.20 ± 0.02	16.99 ± 2.88	8.40 ± 0.93	—	0.73 ± 0.12
15.988	1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidinone	—	—	—	1.20 ± 0.10	—
16.887	(Z)-3-Nonen-1-ol	1.97 ± 0.21	—	—	—	—
16.903	2,6-Dimethyldecane	—	—	—	—	0.85 ± 0.14
16.937	5-Methyl-5-propyl-Nonane	—	—	—	—	0.61 ± 0.09
16.983	4-Ethyldecane	—	—	—	—	0.79 ± 0.05
16.999	6-Methylundecane	—	—	—	—	0.96 ± 0.13
17.017	5-Methylundecane	—	—	—	—	1.30 ± 0.22
17.19	3,5-Diethyl-2-methyl-pyrazine	—	—	—	0.68 ± 0.08	—
17.33	2-Methyl-undecane	—	—	—	—	3.57 ± 0.42
17.579	3-Methyl-undecane	—	—	—	—	2.03 ± 0.33
17.636	(E)-2-Nonenal	6.18 ± 0.65	—	—	—	—
17.654	(E)-2-Nonen-1-ol	1.45 ± 0.12	—	—	—	—
17.78	1-Nonanol	5.05 ± 0.49	—	—	—	—
17.935	Octanoic Acid	—	1.09 ± 0.15	—	0.86 ± 0.14	—
17.958	Hentriacontane	—	—	—	—	1.51 ± 0.23
17.992	Naphthalene	—	—	—	—	0.63 ± 0.09
18.157	2,4-Dimethyl-5-acetylthiazole	—	—	—	—	2.41 ± 0.19
18.481	2-Methyl-1,2,4-triazolo(2,3-a)pyrazine	—	—	—	0.54 ± 0.08	—
18.508	5-Hexyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone	—	0.57 ± 0.07	—	—	—
18.599	1-(2-butoxyethoxy)-ethanol	—	—	0.89 ± 0.05	—	—
18.756	Dodecane	—	0.16 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.06	0.37 ± 0.05	1.76 ± 0.19
18.778	Sulfurous acid 2-propyl undecyl ester	—	—	—	—	0.62 ± 0.12
18.848	3,5-Dimethyl-2-isobutylpyrazine	—	—	—	0.60 ± 0.08	—
19.085	4,4-Dipropylheptane	—	—	0.28 ± 0.04	—	0.84 ± 0.13
19.113	Oxalic acid 6-ethyloct-3-yl hexyl ester	—	—	—	—	0.91 ± 0.15
19.232	2,6-Dimethylundecane	—	—	—	—	6.00 ± 0.42
19.513	Heptacosane	—	—	—	—	2.39 ± 0.33
19.588	1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane,	—	—	—	—	0.74 ± 0.11
19.723	Tetratetracontane	—	—	—	—	0.57 ± 0.08
19.645	Ethyl 3,3-dimethylbutyrate	—	—	1.31 ± 0.12	1.60 ± 0.17	—
19.965	4,5-Dimethyl-3-heptanol	—	—	—	—	0.79 ± 0.12
19.985	Octadecane	—	—	—	—	0.69 ± 0.09
20.075	Hexyl-cyclohexane	—	—	—	—	0.92 ± 0.13
20.420	Caprolactam	—	—	0.51 ± 0.08	—	—
20.577	2-methyl-5-propyl- pyrazine	—	—	—	0.85 ± 0.13	—
20.631	2,5-dimethyl- undecane	—	—	—	—	1.12 ± 0.17
20.696	Sulfurous acid hexyl pentadecyl ester	—	—	—	—	0.77 ± 0.12
20.825	Acetic acid 2-phenylethyl ester	—	5.30 ± 0.33	—	—	—
20.836	N-(2-Phenylethyl)-acetamide	—	—	2.07 ± 0.19	—	—
20.858	4,8-Dimethylundecane,	—	—	—	—	0.89 ± 0.14
21.031	2-Methyldodecane	—	—	—	—	1.87 ± 0.24
21.393	Nonanoic acid	—	1.43 ± 0.23	—	1.92 ± 0.29	—
21.258	10-Methylnonadecane	—	—	—	—	0.48 ± 0.06
21.360	4-methyl-1-decene	—	—	—	—	1.71 ± 0.26
21.501	Cycloundecanone	—	—	—	—	2.09 ± 0.23
21.641	Hentriacontane	—	—	—	—	0.82 ± 0.14
22.198	2-Undecanone	—	1.04 ± 0.13	1.07 ± 0.12	0.86 ± 0.13	1.76 ± 0.19
23.100	2,5-Dimethyl-3-(3-methylbutyl)-pyrazine,	—	—	—	3.66 ± 0.43	—
24.310	2-n-Hexylcyclopentanone	—	—	0.77 ± 0.12	—	—
25.109	Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone,	0.10 ± 0.01	0.67 ± 0.09	0.50 ± 0.06	0.19 ± 0.03	—
26.800	2,4,7,9-Tetramethyl-5-decyn-4,7-diol	0.15 ± 0.02	4.95 ± 0.52	—	0.30 ± 0.03	—
27.675	(E)-6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-one,	0.09 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.07	0.24 ± 0.03	0.27 ± 0.02	—
33.866	Phthalic acid isobutyl octyl ester	0.11 ± 0.02	0.63 ± 0.08	—	1.43 ± 0.22	—
33.939	4-Octadecyl-orpholine	0.69 ± 0.09	0.82 ± 0.10	—	—	1.97 ± 0.24
33.993	Pyrrol-2-one	—	1.53 ± 0.28	—	—	—
34.184	N,N-dimethyl-1-hexadecanamine	0.57 ± 0.08	0.22 ± 0.03	—	—	—
34.865	1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid butyl 2-methylpropyl ester	—	0.51 ± 0.05	—	0.14 ± 0.03	—

“—” denotes not detected.

Data which were all smaller than 0.5 in the same lines were not listed.

Table 2. Relative content of different kinds of volatile compounds in samples of H. marmoreus.

Item	Relative content (%)
	Fresh sample	HD	VD	MVD	FD
Alcohols	54.73 ± 4.88^a	27.08 ± 3.22^b	15.83 ± 2.45^c	1.95 ± 0.33^e	4.70 ± 0.57^d
Hydrocarbons	1.11 ± 0.15^d	1.85 ± 0.23^c	2.83 ± 0.22^b	2.07 ± 0.38^c	32.41 ± 4.23^a
Acids	—	6.26 ± 0.85^a	0.08 ± 0.01^c	3.27 ± 0.45^b	—
Esters	0.52 ± 0.08^d	8.46 ± 1.33^a	2.81 ± 0.41^c	5.49 ± 0.46^b	2.63 ± 0.33^c
ketones	12.05 ± 1.55a	7.57 ± 0.88b	8.48 ± 0.96b	4.41 ± 0.71^c	8.53 ± 0.69^b
Aldehydes	14.24 ± 2.20^a	4.74 ± 0.54^bc	4.55 ± 0.50c	5.70 ± 0.68^b	2.28 ± 0.30^d
Sulphides	—	0.37 ± 0.06^b	0.35 ± 0.04^b	0.28 ± 0.05^b	2.41 ± 0.32^a
Pyrazines	0.39 ± 0.07^b	—	—	23.64 ± 3.22^a	—
Furans	0.29 ± 0.06^c	1.23 ± 0.15^a	0.80 ± 0.12^b	—	—
Phenols	0.07 ± 0.01^b	0.62 ± 0.09^a	—	—	—
Others	1.38 ± 0.19^c	1.49 ± 0.20^c	2.86 ± 0.31^b	4.84 ± 0.54^a	—
Total	84.80 ± 9.37	59.68 ± 6.54	38.59 ± 4.12	51.65 ± 4.98	52.95 ± 6.33

Each value is expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). Values in the same row not sharing a common superscript letter are significantly different at P < 0.05.

Figure 3. Total ionic chromatogram of volatile flavour components from five white Hypsizygus marmoreus samples (A: Fresh sample; B: Hot-air drying; C: Vacuum drying; D: Microwave-vacuum drying; E: Vacuum-freeze drying).