Encapsulation characteristics of protein hydrolysate extracted from Ziziphus jujube seed

Figures & data

Table 1. Entrapment efficiency of different formulation of calcium alginate beads.

Formulation code	Conc of CaCl2 (%w/v)	Conc of sodium alginate (%w/v)	Conc of protein hydrolysate (%w/v)	% Entrapment efficiency
A1	2	2	2	38.68±0.12
A2	2	2	3	34.56±0.1
A3	2	2.5	2	47.45±0.24
A4	2	2.5	3	74.21±0.04
B1	3	2	2	69.59±0.01
B2	3	2	3	27.01±0.1
B3	3	2.5	2	48.42±0.11
B4	3	2.5	3	29.68±0.01

Data is given as Mean± SD of three determinations (p<0.05) (n=3).

Figure 1. FTIR spectra for whole seed protein of Ziziphus jujuba entrapped in calcium alginate bead.

Figure 2. FTIR spectra for papain peptide of Ziziphus jujuba entrapped in calcium alginate bead.

Figure 3. SEM micrographs of cross-linked calcium alginate bead.

Figure 4. SEM micrographs of cross-linked papain hydrolysate calcium alginate beads.

Table 2. Bioactive properties of peptide and encapsulated peptide.

	Peptide	Encapsulated peptide
Antioxidant capacity by ABTS (µ M of TE/g)	9.147±0.09^a	6.78±0.01^b
Antioxidant activity (%) by DPPH	17.54±0.08^a	13.016±0.003^b
Chelating activity (%)	57.18±0.05^a	42.43±0.08^b
Reducing power	0.957±0.001^a	0.723±0.001^b

Data are given as Mean± SD of three determinations (p<0.05) (n=3)

Different superscripts in the same row indicate the significant differences (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Antioxidant activity of peptide and encapsulated peptide in storage study.

Days	Antioxidant capacity by ABTS (µ M of TE/g)		Antioxidant activity (%) by DPPH
	Peptide	Encapsulated peptide	Peptide	Encapsulated peptide
0	9.411±0.09^a	6.78±0.01^a	17.54±0.08^a	13.016±0.003^a
5	9.411±0.09^a	6.78±0.05^a	17.54±0.04^a	13.016±0.005^a
10	8.421±0.05^a	6.78±0.04^a	15.25±0.05^b	13.016±0.009^a
15	6.89±0.05^b	6.75±0.05^a	13.51±0.04^b	13.00±0.004^a
20	3.50±0.06^c	6.70±0.06^a	7.016±0.01^c	12.87±0.09^b
25	2.19±0.08^d	6.65±0.04^a	4.912±0.02^d	12.76±0.045^b
30	1.28±0.02^e	6.0±0.02^a	1.754±0.01^e	12.00±0.056^c

Values are means of three analyses. Means with standard deviations in the same column having the same letter are not significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 4. Metal ion chelation and reducing power of peptide and encapsulated peptide in storage study

Days	Chelating activity (%)		Reducing power
	Peptide	Encapsulated peptide	Peptide	Encapsulated peptide
0	57.18±0.05^a	42.43±0.08^a	0.957±0.01^a	0.723±0.01^a
5	57.18±0.05^a	42.43±0.04^a	0.957±0.01^a	0.723±0.52^a
10	49.27±0.052^b	42.33±0.03^a	0.866±0.02^b	0.722±0.6^a
15	43.56±0.25^b	42.08±0.08^b	0.766±0.065^b	0.716±0.02^a
20	20.56±0.5^c	41.90±0.06^b	0.489±0.54^c	0.713±0.01^a
25	15.54±0.05^d	41.52±0.5^b	0.241±0.25^d	0.699±0.15^b
30	6.97±0.08^e	39.53±0.02^c	0.137±0.56^e	0.681±0.03^b

Values are means of three analyses. Means with standard deviations in the same column having the same letter are not significantly different (p < 0.05).