Molecular structural properties of extracted gelatin from Yak skin as analysed based on molecular weight

Figures & data

Table 1. Yield (% of wet weight) of different molecular weight gelatin extracted from the Yak skin.

Samples	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
Yield (%)	26.25 ± 0.22	22.58 ± 0.19	18.23 ± 0.27	14.67 ± 0.24	10.78 ± 0.23	4.32 ± 0.15

Values are given as mean ±SD from triplicate determinations.

Figure 1. SDS-PAGE patterns of different molecular weight gelatin extracted from the Yak skin.

Marker: Molecular weight marker; Collagen I: Type I collagen from calf skin.

Figure 2. UV absorption spectra of Yak skin gelatin solution in the wavelength region of 190–400 nm.

Table 2. Denaturation temperature (TD) and denaturation enthalpy (ΔHD) of the different molecular weight gelatin extracted from Yak skin.

Sample	TD(℃)	△HD (J/g)
A1	158.88 ± 0.36^c	63.36 ± 0.42^d
A2	151.93 ± 0.24^c	34.59 ± 0.28b^c
A3	177.14 ± 0.61^e	26.07 ± 0.37^b
A4	137.78 ± 0.69^b	16.07 ± 0.49^a
A5	162.95 ± 0.31^d	27.33 ± 0.27^b
A6	103.76 ± 0.36^a	23.69 ± 0.29^b

Values are given as mean ± SD from triplicate determinations.

Different superscript letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within the same column.

Figure 3. FT-IR spectra of different molecular weight gelatin extracted from the Yak skin.

Table 3. Amino acid composition of different molecular weight gelatin extracted from Yak skin.

Amino Acid	Amino acids g/100 g protein
	A1	A2	A3	A4	A5	A6
Asp	42.73 ± 0.13^b	49.91 ± 0.00^c	48.47 ± 0.03^c	42.18 ± 0.07^b	26.62 ± 0.18^a	30.36 ± 0.05^a
Glu	70.9 ± 0.19^b	80.47 ± 0.02^c	82.99 ± 0.02^c	69.01 ± 0.08^b	42.99 ± 0.21^a	47.18 ± 0.08^a
Hyp	81.62 ± 0.04^d	76.01 ± 0.00^cd	81.15 ± 0.07^d	69.57 ± 0.04^c	37.43 ± 0.13^a	48.3 ± 0.02^b
Ser	21.7 ± 0.05^ab	24.78 ± 0.01^b	23.36 ± 0.02^b	21.99 ± 0.03^ab	13.16 ± 0.19^a	16.89 ± 0.02^a
His	5.07 ± 0.01^a	6.88 ± 0.00^b	6.97 ± 0.01^b	8.44 ± 0.01^c	4.61 ± 0.07^a	9.72 ± 0.01^c
Gly	154.76 ± 0.09^c	159.39 ± 0.02^c	165.6 ± 0.06^cd	146.91 ± 0.01^c	81.41 ± 1.15^a	105.75 ± 0.01^b
Arg	56.35 ± 0.17^b	69.05 ± 0.00^cd	64.52 ± 0.06^c	59.86 ± 0.10^bc	36.43 ± 0.12^a	50.5 ± 0.09^b
Thr	22.67 ± 0.00^c	22 ± 0.00^c	24.17 ± 0.03^c	20.6 ± 0.01^bc	11.08 ± 0.16^a	15.63 ± 0.01^b
Pro	90.82 ± 0.05^c	87.93 ± 0.01^c	92.66 ± 0.07^cd	84.3 ± 0.04^c	45.65 ± 0.05^a	57.84 ± 0.02^b
Ala	59.14 ± 0.14^b	67.46 ± 0.00^c	65.9 ± 0.04^c	54.74 ± 0.07^b	33.9 ± 0.08^a	37.11 ± 0.05^a
Cys	8.47 ± 0.00^a	9.02 ± 0.02^ab	11.79 ± 0.05^b	13.06 ± 0.02^bc	6.57 ± 0.09^a	16.18 ± 0.01^c
Tyr	5.27 ± 0.01^b	5.69 ± 0.00^b	5.18 ± 0.00^b	6.67 ± 0.00^b	3.69 ± 0.05^a	5.29 ± 0.00^b
Val	15.1 ± 0.03^b	18.07 ± 0.00^c	17.25 ± 0.01^bc	16.87 ± 0.02^b	9.94 ± 0.14^a	14.78 ± 0.00^b
Met	5.81 ± 0.02^c	6.25 ± 0.00^c	4.63 ± 0.02^b	5.36 ± 0.01^bc	2.08 ± 0.03^a	4.66 ± 0.01^b
Ile	18.66 ± 0.07^b	24.7 ± 0.01^c	21.28 ± 0.04^bc	19.13 ± 0.08^b	14.17 ± 0.02^a	19.43 ± 0.06^b
Leu	44.79 ± 0.07^c	50.59 ± 0.08^d	44.62 ± 0.16^c	30.88 ± 0.22^b	21.81 ± 0.11^a	40.82 ± 0.00^c
Phe	16.52 ± 0.04^b	19.93 ± 0.00^bc	16.57 ± 0.04^b	13.59 ± 0.01^ab	7.31 ± 0.10^a	10.82 ± 0.01^a
Lys	21.42 ± 0.06^b	23.87 ± 0.06^b	23.8 ± 0.02^b	19.2 ± 0.03^b	11.71 ± 0.17^a	14.45 ± 0.02^a

Values are given as mean ± SD from triplicate determinations.

Different superscript letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within the same line.

Table 4. Emulsifying properties of different molecular weight gelatin extracted from Yak skin.

Samples	Emulsion activityindex (m^Citation2/g)	Emulsion stabilityindex (min)	Foam expansion (%)	Foam stability (%)
				30min	60min
A1	49.65 ± 7.61^a	52.16 ± 2.85^b	31.13 ± 0.34^a	8.90 ± 0.11^a	7.65 ± 0.27^a
A2	51.32 ± 4.65^a	52.00 ± 1.94^b	36.41 ± 0.69^a	16.95 ± 0.75^b	15.26 ± 0.39^b
A3	53.58 ± 2.54^a	48.68 ± 0.30^ab	40.45 ± 0.64^ab	17.56 ± 0.59^b	16.14 ± 0.07^b
A4	55.33 ± 3.38^a	48.72 ± 0.33^b	47.50 ± 2.01^b	20.24 ± 0.89^b	17.98 ± 0.48^b
A5	72.07 ± 3.80^b	38.46 ± 5.32^a	50.62 ± 0.87^bc	33.46 ± 1.56^c	30.81 ± 0.59^c
A6	82.02 ± 2.96^c	40.50 ± 0.78^a	55.51 ± 0.99^c	43.02 ± 0.35^d	40.95 ± 0.80^d

Values are given as mean ± SD from triplicate determinations.

Different superscript letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) within the same column.

Figure 4. The DPPH radical−scavenging activity of the different molecular weight gelatin from Yak skin. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

Figure 5. The FRAP total antioxidant capacity of the different molecular weight gelatin from Yak skin. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

Figure 6. The ABTS total antioxidant capacity of the different molecular weight gelatin from Yak skin. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

Muyonga, J.H.; Cole, C.G.B.; Duodu, K.G. Extraction and Physico-Chemical Characterisation of Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) Skin and Bone Gelatin. Food Hydrocolloids 2004, 18, 581–592.

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