Cranberry antioxidant power on oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial damage

Figures & data

Table 1. Effects of cranberry consumption on oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damages.

Study design	Intervention/Dose	Total polyphenols	Main results	Duration	Reference
Randomized placebo-controlled trial	Low-energy cranberry juice 480 ml	458 mg	↑: Antioxidant capacity ↓: Lipid peroxidation, LDL-c oxidation ↔: IL-6	8 W	^[Citation42]
Randomized placebo-controlled trial	Cranberry juice 750 ml	850 mg	↔: Antioxidant capacity, DNA damages ↑: Plasma vitamin C	2 W	^[Citation22]
Experimental	Cranberry powder 5 and 10%	126.2 mg/100 g	↑: Plasma FRAP levels ↔: Cytosolic GPx, GSH activities Prevent LPS-induced oxidative stress	6 W	^[Citation45]
Crossover	Cranberry leaf extract beverage Low-calorie cranberry juice cocktail 475 ml	CJ: 338 mg EFC: 111 mg	↑: GPx activity, GSH concentration, SOD activity ↔: DNA damages, PCR ↓:IL-4	Acute	^[Citation6]
Experimental	Cranberry powder 5 and 10%	126.2 mg/100 g	↑: Total phenolic level ↓: SOD activity, GPx activity ↔: GSH activity, TBARS	6 W	^[Citation15]
In vitro	Cranberry extracts 250 μg/ml	5 ± 0.1 mg/g of LC 54.5 ± 0.9 mg/g of MC 52.0 ± 1.0 mg/g of HC	↓: Lipid oxidation, PGE2 concentration, COX2, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-ĸB expression ↑: SOD activity, GPx activity, catalase activity, PGC-1α expression, ATP production ↔: GSH activity, mitochondrial transcription factors	10 d	^[Citation58]
Parallel	Low-energy cranberry juice 700 ml	362 mg	↓: Lipoperoxidation, protein oxidation ↔: CRP, TNF-α, IL-1 e IL-6 ↑: Adponectin	60 d	^[Citation2]
Single-arm intervention	Low-energy cranberry juice 7 ml/kg body weight	Not reported	↑: Antioxidant capacity ↓: OxLDL	14 d	^[Citation18]
Randomized placebo-controlled trial	Dried cranberry juice Encapsulated 2 and 6 capsules	3% m/m	↓: AOPP ↔: MDA, SOD, GSH, GPX	8 W	^[Citation43]
Crossover	Low-energy cranberry juice 125, 250, 500 ml	100 ± 6.5/125 ml	↓: OxLDL, ICAM-1, VCAM-1 ↔: E-selectin	4 W	^[Citation41]
Experimental	Extrado de cranberry 200 mg/kg	Not reported	↓: NFκB/IκB ratio, MDA ↑: GPx, SOD ↔: COX2 and TNF-α protein expression,	8 W	^[Citation46]
Experimental	Cranberry powder 5 and 10%	126.2 mg/100 g	↓: CRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2 ↑: IL-10, TNF-α	6 W	^[Citation16]

AOPP, advanced oxidation protein procudt; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; CRP: C-reactive protein; COX2: Ciclo-oxigenase-2; d:Day; FRAP: Ferric Reducing Antioxidant; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; GSH: Reduced glutathione; HC: High molecular massphenolic compounds; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1; IL-1β: Interleukin 1 beta; IL-1: Interleukin 1; IL-6: Interleukin 6;IL-2: Interleukin 2; IL-10: Interleukin 10; IκB: Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase; LDL-c: Low Density Lipoprotein; LC, Low molecular mass phenolic ompounds; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MC, Medium molecular mass phenolic compounds; MS, Metabolic Syndrome; NF-ĸB: factor nuclear kappa B; OxLDL: Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; PGC-1α: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; W: week; ↔: No change; ↓: Decreased; ↑: Increased.

Figure 1. Effect of cranberry polyphenols on oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage. Cranberry polyphenols act as free radical neutralizers, impacting directly on antioxidant status. Hence, after free radicals reduction occur reduction of the stimulus for inflammation and mitochondrial damage. In addition, cranberry polyphenols are also able to modulate the expression of key genes related to mitochondrial function, inflammation, and antioxidant response.

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