Modification of bamboo shoot dietary fiber by extrusion-cellulase technology and its properties

Figures & data

Table 1. The TDF, SDF, and IDF contents of BSDF.

Samples	TDF	SDF	IDF
BSDF1	56.64% ± 0.58^b	4.22% ± 0.32^c	51.31% ± 0.46^a
BSDF2	57.12% ± 0.72^b	10.36% ± 0.26^b	46.57% ± 0.51^b
BSDF3	59.48% ± 0.64^a	22.17% ± 0.24^a	36.69% ± 0.37^c

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and as g/100 g dry bamboo shoots. BSDF1: unmodified DF; BSDF2: modified by extrusion; BSDF3: modified by extrusion-cellulase; TDF: total dietary fiber; IDF: insoluble dietary fiber; SDF: soluble dietary fiber. Values in the same line with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Figure 1. SEM of BSDF before and after modification, SEM (a) standard unmodified BSDF (500×), (b) standard modified by extrusion (500×), (c) standard modified by extrusion combined with cellulase (500×), (d) standard unmodified BSDF (3000×), (e) standard modified by extrusion (3000×), and (f) standard modified by extrusion combined with cellulase (3000×).

Figure 2. FTIR spectroscopy spectra of BSDF before and after modification; BSDF1: without any modification; BSDF2: modified by extrusion; BSDF3: modified by extrusion combined with cellulase.

Table 2. Physicochemical properties of BSDF subjected to different treatments.

Samples	Water-holding capacity/g g^−1	Oil-holding capacity/g g^−1	Swelling capacity/mL g^−1
BSDF1	4.58 ± 0.20^a	3.96 ± 0.11^a	5.80 ± 0.17^a
BSDF2	7.70 ± 0.15^b	6.55 ± 0.13^b	6.61 ± 0.12^b
BSDF3	9.34 ± 0.24^c	10.74 ± 0.10^c	8.32 ± 0.10^c

Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Values in the same line with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Figure 3. The cation exchange capacity of with different BSDF before and after modification; BSDF1: without any modification; BSDF2: modified by extrusion; BSDF3: modified by extrusion combined with cellulase.

Figure 4. Glucose adsorption capacity of BSDF before and after modification. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05), and bars indicate the standard deviation from three replicates.

Figure 5. Cholesterol adsorption capacity before and after modification. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05), and bars indicate the standard deviation from three replicates. pH 2 standard in vitro simulation of human stomach, and pH 7 standard in vitro simulation of human small intestine.

Figure 6. Nitrite ion adsorption capacity before and after modification. Lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05), and bars indicate the standard deviation from three replicates. pH 2 standard in vitro simulation of human stomach, and pH 7 standard in vitro simulation of human small intestine.