Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of wheat bran and barley husk in the extracts with different polarity

Figures & data

Table 1. Phytic acid and saponins content in wheat bran and barley husk

Sample	Phytic acid* (mg/g of sample)	Saponins* (mg DE/g of sample)
Wheat bran	3.68 ± 0.03^A	1.16 ± 0.10^B
Barley husk	2.32 ± 0.05^B	1.96 ± 0.10^A

DE = Diosgenin equivalent.

The results are the average of three determinations ± the standard deviation.

^aDifferent letters in the same column indicate significant difference (P< 0.05).

* Dry basis

Table 2. The content of flavonoids in wheat bran and barley husk extracted with different solvents (mg QE/100g of sample)

Solvent	Wheat bran*	Barley husk*
Methanol	10.08 ± 0.59^CDa	5.73 ± 0.22^Db
80% Methanol	8.67 ± 0.58^Db	14.60 ± 0.4^Ba
Ethanol	24.98 ± 2.01^Aa	9.89 ± 0.16^Cb
80% Ethanol	10.90 ± 0.66^BCb	14.63 ± 0.39^Ba
50% Acetone	12.19 ± 0.59^Bb	31.311 ± 0.49^Aa

The results are the average of three determinations ± the standard deviation.

A-D Upper case letters indicate comparison of means between solvents of the same sample.

a-b Lower case letters mean comparison of means between samples with the same solvent.

Samples with the same letter did not present significant difference using Tukey‘s test (P < 0.05).

*Dray basis

Table 3. Total phenolic content in wheat bran and barley husk extracted with different solvents (mgGAE/100g of sample)

Solvent	Wheat bran*	Barley husk*
Methanol	112.79 ± 7.70 ^Ca	82.86 ± 2.03 ^Db
80% Methanol	170.85 ± 5.79 ^Bb	324.38 ± 4.82 ^Aa
Ethanol	99.11 ± 9.08 ^Cb	261.17 ± 12.57 ^Ba
80% Ethanol	188.61 ± 3.08 ^Aa	133.25 ± 1.57 ^Cb
50% Acetone	179.79 ± 1.15 ^ABb	340.72 ± 12.98 ^Aa

GAE = Gallic acid equivalents.

The results are the average of three determinations ± the standard deviation.

A-D Upper case letters indicate comparison of means between solvents of the same sample.

a-b Lower case letters mean comparison of means between samples with the same solvent.

Samples with the same letter did not present significant difference using Tukey‘s test (P < 0.05).

*Dray basis

Table 4. Phenolic compounds in wheat bran and barley husk with diferents solvents

Phenolics (mg/100g)	Wheat bran *
	Methanol	80% Methanol	Ethanol	80% Ethanol	50% Acetone
Gallic acid	18.12 ± 2.01^a	17.16 ± 0.15^a	16.57 ± 0.16^a	16.95 ± 0.56^a	17.15 ± 0.62^a
Chlorogenic acid	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Vanillic acid	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Caffeic acid	29.76 ± 0.97^c	64.29 ± 0.25^b	0.86 ± 0.08^d	53.55 ± 2.27^b	97.61 ± 9.60^a
p-coumaric acid	19.68 ± 0.33^b	20.63 ± 0.15^b	nd	20.57 ± 0.24^b	23.40 ± 0.64^a
Ferulic acid	9.06 ± 0.15^a	9.73 ± 0.09^a	nd	9.12 ± 0.02^a	9.70 ± 0.33^a
Benzoic acid	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Quercetin	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Kaempferol	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
	Barley husk*
Phenolics (mg/100g)	Methanol	80% Methanol	Ethanol	80% Ethanol	50% Acetone
Gallic acid	21.21 ± 2.0^b	41.80 ± 4.1^a	22.93 ± 2.7^b	22.87 ± 1.6^b	22.97 ± 2.0^b
Chlorogenic acid	43.12 ± 3.73^b	75.92 ± 0.06^a	13.85 ± 0.24^c	43.96 ± 3.82^b	51.23 ± 2.57^b
Vanillic acid	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
Caffeic acid	nd	nd	nd	nd	6.82 ± 0.56
p-coumaric acid	21.71 ± 0.74^a	22.24 ± 0.71^a	nd	20.20 ± 0.41^a	20.82 ± 0.31^a
Ferulic acid	9.89 ± 0.24^c	10.59 ± 0.14^b	nd	11.00 ± 0.02^b	11.57 ± 0.02^a
Benzoic acid	19.40 ± 0.44^b	20.52 ± 0.75^ab	nd	19.84 ± 0.68^b	22.53 ± 0.1^a
Quercetin	24.98 ± 0.37^a	28.22 ± 2.49^a	nd	26.24 ± 2.39^a	27.21 ± 1.73^a
Kaempferol	4498 ± 377^ab	6017 ± 465^a	nd	3857 ± 298^b	4631 ± 381^ab

nd = not detected

The results are the average of three determinations ± the standard deviation.

a-b Upper case letters indicate comparison of means between solvents of the same sample.

Samples with the same letter did not present significant difference using Tukey‘s test (P < 0.05).

*Dray basis

Table 5. Antioxidant activity in wheat bran and barley husk extracted with different solvents (μmol TE/g of sample)

Solvent	Wheat bran	Barley husk
DPPH*
Methanol	9.49 ± 0.12^Ab	19.160 ± 0.39^Ca
80% Methanol	5.24 ± 0.49^Ba	5.73 ± 0.01^Da
Ethanol	6.14 ± 0.17^Ba	2.11 ± 0.15^Eb
80% Ethanol	8.76 ± 0.74^Ab	25.70 ± 0.28^Ba
50% Acetone	8.44 ± 0.40^Ab	36.08 ± 0.17^Aa
ABTS*
Methanol	172.62 ± 3.19^Aa	170.8 1 ± 9.25^BCa
80% Methanol	116.36 ± 9.12^Cb	191.97 ± 3.64^Ba
Ethanol	112.15 ± 1.62^Db	149.32 ± 6.40^CDa
80% Ethanol	163.24 ± 2.18^Aa	134.71 ± 10.88^Db
50% Acetone	132.91 ± 3.85^Bb	494.44 ± 13.28^Aa

The results are the average of three determinations ± the standard deviation.

A-D Upper case letters indicate comparison of means between solvents of the same sample.

a-b Lower case letters mean comparison of means between samples with the same solvent.

Samples with the same letter did not present significant difference using Tukey‘s test (P < 0.05).

*Dray basis