Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds of Artemisia herba-alba at three harvest time by HPLC–ESI–Q-TOF–MS

Figures & data

Table 1. Estimated mean of humidity and rainfall for the months of the study

	July 2013	December 2013	May 2014
Rainfall (mm)	13.2	49	51
Humidity (%)	40	85	44.4

Table 2. Regression equation, correlation coefficients, linearity ranges, LOD, and LOQ for three analytes

Compounds	Linearity ranges (mg/L)	Calibration curve	R^2	LOD (mg/L)	LOQ (mg/L)
Quercetin	8.5–100	y = 0.7551x − 3.4254	0.9971	0.18	0.54
Kaempferol	4–80	y = 1.1286x − 2.836	0.993	0.24	0.73
Isorhamnetin	4–73	y = 0.8446x − 4.4695	0.9687	0.27	0.81

y: Peak area; x: concentration in mg/L of extract.

LOD: Limit of detection.

LOQ: Limit of quantification.

Figure 1. Phenolic compound and flavonoids of methanolic extracts of A. herba-alba plants collected during three harvesting date

Table 3. Phenolic compounds identified by HPLC/ESI–MS in Artemisia herba-alba extracts

RT (min)	m/z	MS	Tentative assignment	Ref.
5.19	353	191,173	3-Caffeoylquinic acid	Std
6.14	353	191, 179, 173, 135	4-Caffeoylquinic acid	Std
6.96	429		ND
9.78	367	193, 191, 173, 134,93	Feruloylquinic acid 1	^[Citation21]
12.1	367	193,191, 173	Feruloylquinic acid 2	^[Citation21]
12.38	355	193, 149, 134	Feruloylglucoside	Std
10.67	593	473, 383,353	Vicenin-2	^[Citation22]
12.94	563	545, 503, 473, 443, 443, 383	Isoschaftoside	^[Citation22]
15.07	431	341, 311, 283	Vitexin	^[Citation22]
18.2	515	353, 191, 179, 173,135	Dicaffeoylquinic acid 2	Std
20.77	515	353, 191, 179, 173, 135	Dicaffeoylquinic acid 3	Std
28.72	315	300	5,3′-Dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone	^[Citation23][Citation24]
28.85	315		ND
30.3	345	330, 315, 287, 259	Tomentin	^[Citation21]
32.83	299	284, 228, 136	Chrysoeriol	^[Citation25][Citation26]
32.62	677	515, 353,173	3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid	^[Citation22]
32.89	299	284, 137	Tectorigenin	^[Citation13]
33.07	299	284	ND
33.32	329	314, 299, 285, 271	Cirsiliol	^[Citation13]
33.37	329	314, 299, 285, 271	Iristectorigenin A	^[Citation13]
33.9	329	314, 299, 285, 271, 268, 243	Iristectorigenin B	^[Citation13]
34.11	359	344, 329, 314, 301	Irigenin	^[Citation13]
34.75	313	298, 283, 269, 255	Cirsimaritin	^[Citation27]
34.8	313	298, 283, 269, 255	ND
35.07	343	328, 313, 298, 270	Cirsilineol	^[Citation27]
35.11	343	328, 313, 299, 285	Skullcapflavon I	^[Citation28]
35.54	343	328, 313, 299, 285	5,7-Dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone	^[Citation27]
35.77	373	358, 343, 328, 315	Skullcapflavon II	^[Citation28]
36	283	268, 239	Acacetin	^[Citation29]
36.25	313	298, 283, 270, 255	Chrysoeriol-methyl-ether	^[Citation30]
39.92	417		ND

Std: Compounds were identified by comparison with standards.

ND: Not identified.

Ref.: Literature referred to structural identification.

Figure 2. UV chromatograms (λ = 365 nm) of methanolic extracts of A. herba-alba.

Table 4. Phenolic profiling of A. herba-alba methanolic extracts in the course of three harvest time

			July	November	May
	Phenolic acids
1	3-Caffeoylquinic acid		2.8	0.8	4.4
2	4-Caffeoylquinic acid		0	0	0.5
4	Feruloylquinic acid 1		0.8	0	0.9
5	Feruloylquinic acid 2		0	0	0.2
6	Feruloylglucoside		0	0	0.6
7	Dicaffeoylquinic acid 2		7.2	1.9	8.2
8	Dicaffeoylquinic acid 3		1.8	0.3	0
9	3,4,5-Tricaffeoylquinic acid		0.8	0	0
	C-Glycosyl flavones
10	6,8-di-C-glucosylapigenin (Vicenin-2)		0.4	0.4	0
11	Apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside (Isoschaftoside)		0.7	0.5	0.3
12	Apigenin-8-C-glucoside (Vitexin)		0.4	0	0.3
	Flavonol aglycone
13	Quercetagetin dimethyl ether 1n (Tomentin)		0	0	0.3
	Flavanone aglycones
14	5,3′-Dihydroxy-7,4′-dimethoxyflavanone		0	0.5	0
15	Chrysoeriol		0	1.1	0.9
	Isoflavone aglycones
16	Tectorigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyisoflavone)		1.3	0.4	0.3
17	Iristectorigenin A (3′,5,7-trihydroxy-4′,6-dimethoxyisoflavone)		0.2	0	1.2
18	Iristectorigenin B (5,7,4′-trihydroxy-6,3′-dimethoxyisoflavone)		0.2	0	0
19	Irigenin (5,7,3′-trihydroxy-6,4′,5′-trimethoxyisoflavone)		1.3	1.0	0.4
	Flavone aglycones
20	Cirsiliol		0	1.8	0
21	Cirsimaritin		0	0.4	0
22	5,2′-Dihydroxy-6,7,8-trimethoxyflavone (Skullcapflavon I)		0.6	0	0.3
23	5,7-Dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxyflavone		0.2	0	0
24	Cirsilineol		0	0.8	0
25	2′,5-Dihydroxy-6,6′,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone (Skullcapflavon II)		0.2	0.4	0.3
26	Acacetin		0.4	0.6	0.3
27	Chrysoeriol-methyl-ether		0.4	0.4	0.3
	C-Glycosyl flavones		1.5	0.9	0.6
	Flavone aglycones		1.8	4.4	1.2
	Isoflavone aglycones		3	1.4	1.9
	Flavonol aglycones		0	0	0.3
	Flavanone aglycones		0	0.5	0
		Flavonoid aglycones	4.8	7.4	4.3
		C-Glycosyl flavonoids	1.5	0.9	0.6
		Phenolic acids	13.4	3	14.2
		Total flavonoids	6.3	8.3	4.9

Contents in phenolic compounds are expressed as milligrams per gram of dry plant material weight.

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