Impact peak force measurement of potato

Figures & data

Figure 1. Test equipment

Figure 2. The hammer tips used for the test

Figure 3. Potato impact force-time curve (where $t_1$ is the loading start time; $t_m$ is the time of impact peak force; $t_s$ is the time of the maximum impact displacement; $t_2$ is the impact end time; Fm is the impact peak force; and $F_s$ is the impact force of the maximum impact displacement.)

Table 1. Factors and levels

Factors	Levels	Quantitative parameters
$m/g$	100	Drop height:60 mm Impact material:steel
	150
	200
	250
	300
$h/mm$	20	Potato mass:200 g Impact material:steel
	40
	60
	80
	100

Table 2. Scheme and results of the tests

Test number	$m/g$	$h/mm$	Impact materials	$F_m$/N
				Xiabodi	Gaoyuanhong
1	100	20	Steel	38.92	50.25
2	150	40		54.72	64.14
3	150	80		74.29	75.53
4	200	60		71.09	80.99
5	250	40		77.86	83.26
6	250	80		82.7	84.54
7	300	100		97.92	110.46
8	100	20	Steel-soft plastic	28.54	32.13
9	150	60		43.54	49.58
10	150	80		55.24	61.56
11	200	40		48.71	65.24
12	250	40		57.5	66.55
13	250	100		69.6	79.43
14	300	80		68.68	74.36
15	100	20	Steel-rubber	29.91	33.45
16	150	40		30.66	52.13
17	150	80		60.15	64.86
18	200	100		47.89	52.14
19	250	40		61.08	65.59
20	250	80		70.35	85.32
21	300	60		76.67	89.58
22	100	20	Steel- leather	32.34	35.58
23	150	80		64.91	70.26
24	150	100		61.04	69.27
25	200	80		50.22	64.99
26	250	40		66.29	68.35
27	250	60		72.12	80.24
28	300	40		73.19	69.39

Table 3. Schemes of the test

Factors	Levels	Quantitative parameter combinations
		Group A	Group B	Group C
Impactmaterial	Steel	Potato mass:100 g Drop height:20 mm	Potato mass:150 g Drop height:80 mm	Potato mass:250 g Drop height:40 mm
	Steel-soft plastic
	Steel-rubber
	Steel- leather

Figure 4. Graph of $F_m$-$m$

Figure 5. Graph of $F_m$-$\sqrt{h}$

Table 4. Regression analysis of $F_m$

Potato varieties	Impact materials	Regression equations	R^2	Sig
Xiabodi	Steel	$F_m=1277.84m\sqrt{h}$	0.947	0.000
	Steel-soft plastic	$F_m=980.88m\sqrt{h}$	0.957	0.000
	Steel-rubber	$F_m=1039.7m\sqrt{h}$	0.964	0.000
	Steel- leather	$F_m=1217.91m\sqrt{h}$	0.970	0.000
Gaoyuanhong	Steel	$F_m=1395.74m\sqrt{h}$	0.940	0.000
	Steel-soft plastic	$F_m=1120.29m\sqrt{h}$	0.943	0.000
	Steel-rubber	$F_m=1211.19m\sqrt{h}$	0.956	0.000
	Steel- leather	$F_m=1326.06m\sqrt{h}$	0.977	0.000

Figure 6. Graphs of $F_m$ – test number

Figure 7. The relationships between $F_m$ and impact materials