Sense of belonging or feeling marginalized? Using PISA 2012 to assess the state of academically gifted students within the EU

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of participants per country.

	Normative	Gifted students
Belgium	5152	295
Czech Republic	3285	165
Estonia	3069	94
Finland	5556	126
France	2907	83
Germany	2647	122
Italy	20,128	352
Netherlands	2762	93
Poland	2893	142
Slovak Republic	2980	72
Slovenia	3694	74
Spain	16,342	196
United Kingdom	8135	142

Table 2. International comparisons: Gifted vs. normative students and sense of belonging.

	Normative		Gifted
	M	SD	M	SD	p	Hedges’ g	95% CI
Belgium	3.15	.48	3.19	.42	.18	.08	.10–.07
Czech Republic	3.04	.46	3.07	.46	.40	.07	.08–.05
Estonia	3.06	.47	3.11	.47	.31	.11	.12–.09
Finland	3.13	.50	3.08	.47	.24	.10	.09–.11
France	3.07	.47	3.24	.46	.00	.36	.38–.34
Germany	3.33	.51	3.35	.44	.67	.04	.06–.02
Italy	3.17	.48	3.22	.42	.05	.10	.11–.10
Netherlands	3.19	.43	3.21	.40	.68	.05	.06–.03
Poland	3.08	.49	3.10	.50	.60	.04	.06–.02
Slovak Republic	2.99	.47	3.15	.31	.00	.34	.36–.33
Slovenia	3.18	.48	3.33	.41	.01	.31	.33–.30
Spain	3.35	.48	3.32	.44	.45	.06	.06–.07
United Kingdom	3.15	.50	3.21	.43	.09	.12	.13–0.11

Table 3. International comparisons: Gifted vs. normative students student–teacher relations.

	Normative		Gifted
	M	SD	M	SD	p	Hedges’ g	95% CI
Belgium	2.10	.51	2.01	.43	.01	.18	.16−.19
Czech Republic	2.14	.52	2.10	.45	.38	.08	.06−.09
Estonia	2.07	.48	1.97	.43	.07	.21	.19−.23
Finland	2.05	.52	2.01	.36	.41	.08	.06−.09
France	2.13	.55	2.01	.47	.04	.22	.20−.24
Germany	2.17	.60	2.03	.41	.01	.24	.21−.26
Italy	2.14	.58	2.15	.49	.74	.02	.03−.01
Netherlands	2.10	.44	1.98	.38	.04	.27	.26−.29
Poland	2.27	.58	2.28	.55	.83	.02	.04−.00
Slovak Republic	2.13	.51	2.14	.45	.85	.02	.04−.00
Slovenia	2.15	.55	2.03	.45	.06	.22	.20−.24
Spain	2.09	.57	2.02	.46	.10	.12	.11−.13
United Kingdom	1.95	.52	1.75	.44	.00	.39	.37−.40

Table 4. International comparisons: Attitudes toward school concerning learning activities gifted vs. normative students.

	Normative		Gifted
	M	SD	M	SD	p	Hedges’ g	95% CI
Belgium	1.73	.49	1.70	.44	.42	.06	.05−.07
Czech Republic	1.70	.50	1.84	.48	.00	−.28	−.30 to –.26
Estonia	1.62	.49	1.63	.45	.81	.02	.04−.00
Finland	1.62	.50	1.53	.45	.04	.18	.17−.19
France	1.62	.51	1.55	.47	.19	.14	.12−.16
Germany	1.52	.48	1.45	.45	.15	.15	.13−.16
Italy	1.63	.50	1.58	.45	.03	.10	.09−.11
Netherlands	1.72	.48	1.64	.46	.10	.17	.15−.18
Poland	1.79	.52	1.76	.52	.48	.06	.04−.08
Slovak Republic	1.77	.50	1.75	.47	.73	.04	.02−.06
Slovenia	1.63	.50	1.51	.42	.04	.24	.22−.26
Spain	1.54	.51	1.41	.43	.00	.26	.25−.26
United Kingdom	1.43	.48	1.27	.36	.00	.33	.32−.34

Table 5. International comparisons: Attitudes toward school concerning learning outcomes gifted vs. normative students.

	Normative		Gifted
	M	SD	M	SD	p	Hedges’ g	95% CI
Belgium	2.01	.50	1.91	.45	.00	.20	.19−.21
Czech Republic	2.07	.49	2.01	.47	.10	.12	.11−.14
Estonia	1.94	.49	1.89	.49	.43	.10	.08−.12
Finland	1.92	.51	1.76	.45	.00	.31	.30−.33
France	1.92	.53	1.72	.50	.00	.38	.36−.40
Germany	2.00	.59	2.02	.54	.81	.03	.06−.01
Italy	1.96	.52	1.85	.49	.00	.21	.20−.22
Netherlands	2.15	.44	2.06	.37	.13	.21	.19−.22
Poland	2.21	.58	2.29	.60	.08	.14	.16−.12
Slovak Republic	2.09	.50	2.03	.52	.32	.12	.10−.14
Slovenia	1.97	.51	1.88	.41	.12	.18	.16−.19
Spain	1.85	.54	1.69	.54	.00	.30	.29−.30
United Kingdom	1.89	.53	1.78	.49	.01	.21	.20−.22