https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0624-6610
Figures & data
Table 1. Number of adverts identified from different types of actor within the Facebook advertising archive between 1st December 2018 and 31st December 2021.
Table 2. Types, dates, and duration of electoral and non-electoral periods.
Table 3. Number of adverts placed by political parties, party leaders, satellite campaign group, and nonpartizan campaign group.
Figure 1. Number of adverts placed in each month by political parties and leaders between December 2018 and December 2021.
Figure 2. Total number of adverts placed by political parties and party leaders in electoral and non-electoral periods.
Table 4. Adverts placed by each party between December 2018 and December 2021.
Figure 3. Percentage of adverts placed in each month by each party: Labor, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats.
Figure 4. Total number of adverts placed by party leaders in electoral and non-electoral periods.
Table 5. Adverts placed by each party leader between December 2018 and December 2021.
Figure 5. Percentage of adverts placed in each month by party leaders: Jeremy Corbyn, Boris Johnson, Jo Swinson, and Nigel Farage.
Table 6. Midrange spend for the different account types by electoral and non-electoral periods.
Figure 6. Percentage of adverts placed in each month by account type: political parties, party leaders, satellite campaign group, and nonpartizan campaign group.
Figure 7. Percentage of adverts placed in each month by eight most active satellite campaign groups.
Figure 8. Percentage of adverts placed in each month by eight most active nonpartizan groups.
