Introduction to new guidelines for validation of methods to examine visually recognisable substances

Figures & data

Figure 1. Relation between relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) and for reproducibility (RSDR) and the fraction of damaged grains in whole kernel cereals for three types: broken grains, sprouted grains and miscellaneous damage. Based on equations from CEN 15587:2018. The relationship between the Besatz fraction and RSDR calculated from the Horwitz equation is given for comparison.

Figure 2. (a) Macroscopic analysis (result: count, weight), (b): microscopic analysis (result: Boolean presence/absence), (c) identification (result: identity), (d): composition (result: identities and share of the ingredients).

Table 1. Probability to find zero, one or more than one seeds in one out of four portions of a sample containing N seeds calculated from a binomial distribution.

N seeds	Probability P(n) to find n seeds in one out of four portions
	P(0) (%)	P(1) (%)	P(2) (%)	P(3) (%)	P(4) (%)	P(5) (%)	P(6) (%)
1	75.0	25.0
2	56.3	37.5	6.3
3	42.2	42.2	14.1	1.6
4	31.6	42.2	21.1	4.7	0.4
5	23.7	39.6	26.4	8.8	1.5	0.1
6	17.8	35.6	29.7	13.2	3.3	0.4	0.0