Effect of processing methods on nutrient and anti-nutrient composition of grasshopper and termites

Figures & data

Table 1. Proximate composition of processed termites and grasshoppers.

Insect	% Moisture Content	% Ash	% Fibre	% Fat	Protein (g/100g)
Grasshoppers
Fresh grasshoppers	55.01 ± 2.35^a	2.8 ± 0.38^a	3.9 ± 0.01^a	24.9 ± 0.10^a	16.24 ± 0.88a
Sun-dried grasshoppers	7.05 ± 0.05^b	3.8 ± 0.13^b	4.20 ± 0.20^ab	27.5 ± 0.10^b	42.31 ± 0.20b
Oven-dried grasshoppers	4.00 ± 0.51^c	4.01 ± 0.24^bc	4.20 ± 0.11^ab	26.7 ± 0.10^c	45.53 ± 0.24c
Defatted sun-dried grasshoppers	6.68 ± 0.64^b	3.05 ± 0.09^ad	3.64 ± 0.14^c	2.2 ± 0.1^d	44.11 ± 2.26bcd
Defatted oven-dried grasshoppers	3.42 ± 0.88^c	2.29 ± 0.09^ae	4.29 ± 0.22^ab	2.3 ± 0.1^d	46.02 ± 0.65cd
Termites
Fresh termites	40.00 ± 0.12^a	2.23  ± 0.32^a	5.90 ± 0.10^a	44.3 ± 0.10^a	19.20 ± 0.24a
Sun-dried termites	3.70 ± 0.03^b	2.96  ± 0.18^b	6.37 ± 0.01^b	44.2 ± 0.10^a	33.00 ± 0.07b
Oven-dried termites	1.50  ± 0.05^c	4.31 ± 0.40^c	6.71 ± 0.10^c	46.4 ± 0.10^b	35.20 ± 0.40c
Defatted sun-dried termites	4.02 ± 0.18^d	1.35 ±0.05^d	6.80 ± 0.01^c	1.90 ± 0.2^c	37.22 ± 0.10d
Defatted oven-dried termites	3.28 ± 0.14^e	0.86 ± 0.08^d	5.83  ± 0.12^a	2.00 ± 0.2^c	39.01 ± 0.10d

NB: Values represent mean ± S.D. (n = 3). Values with superscripts of different letters in the same column per each insect are significantly different.

Table 2. Mineral content (mg/100 g) of fresh and processed insect.

Insect	Sodium	Potassium	Calcium	Iron	Zinc
Termites
Fresh termites	125.01 ± 0.00^a	260.10 ± 2.10a	128.50 ± 3.15^a	8.82 ± 0.80^a	34.58 ± 8.35^a
Sun-dried termites	123.61 ± 2.20^a	259.60 ± 1.10^a	66.96 ± 2.35^b	8.67 ± 0.63^a	22.93 ± 6.40^a
Oven-dried termites	126.01 ± 1.10^a	259.40 ± 0.10^a	56.17 ± 0.71^c	7.80 ± 1.59^a	27.60 ± 9.36^a
Defatted sun-dried termites	125.62 ± 0.03^a	244.61 ± 2.52^b	64.17 ± 1.14^b	7.99 ± 1.92^a	32.50 ± 4.41^a
Defatted oven-dried termites	129.5 ± 0.10^a	260.52 ± 0.30^a	56.28 ± 0.71^c	8.71 ± 0.89^a	24.98 ± 1.24^a
Grasshoppers
Fresh grasshoppers	300.30 ± 0.01^a	341.30 ± 0.03^a	61.05 ± 2.97^a	8.60 ± 3.36^a	19.14 ± 0.95^a
Sun-dried grasshoppers	301.60 ± 0.04^c	341.91 ± 0.01^a	54.42 ± 0.36^b	6.33 ± 2.77^a	22.06 ± 2.02^a
Oven-dried grasshoppers	300.50 ± 0.03^ab	342.33 ± 0.02^a	43.19 ± 0.56^c	4.36 ± 0.76^a	14.76 ± 2.13^a
Defatted oven-dried grasshoppers	290.42 ± 0.03^d	341.22 ± 0.66^a	43.51 ± 2.15^c	6.43 ± 1.40^a	22.23 ± 6.58^a
Defatted sun-dried grasshoppers	300.21 ± 0.04^a	283.01 ± 022^b	54.08 ± 1.34^b	8.89 ± 1.65^a	27.43 ± 1.08^a

NB: Values represent mean ± S.D. (n=3). Values with superscripts of different letters in the same column per each insect are significantly different.

Table 3. Anti-nutrient content (mg/100 g) of processed insect.

Sample	Tannins	Phytates	Oxalates
Termites
Fresh termites	1.69 ± 0.01^a	0.67 ± 0.01^a	7.88 ± 0.02^a
Sun-dried termites	0.95 ± 0.01^b	0.66 ± 0.01^b	4.91 ± 0.00^b
Oven-dried termites	0.72 ± 0.01^c	0.24 ± 0.01^c	4.27 ± 0.02^c
Defatted sun-dried termites	0.77 ± 0.01^c	0.29 ± 0.01^c	6.57 ± 0.01^ad
Defatted oven-dried termites	0.76 ± 0.01^d	0.31 ± 0.01^d	5.97 ± 0.01^bd
Grasshoppers
Fresh grasshoppers	0.93 ± 0.01^a	0.41 ± 0.01^a	14.03 ± 0.03^a
Sun-dried grasshoppers	0.60 ± 0.01^b	0.35 ± 0.01^b	5.65 ± 0.08^bc
Oven-dried grasshoppers	0.57 ± 0.01^c	0.18 ± 0.01^c	3.83 ± 0.05^b
Defatted oven-dried grasshoppers	0.83 ± 0.01^ac	0.39 ± 0.01^d	6.43 ± 0.06^c
Defatted sun-dried grasshoppers	0.86 ± 0.1^ad	0.37 ± 0.003^d	6.75 ± 0.05^c

NB: Values represent mean ± S.D. (n = 3). Values with superscripts of different letters in the same column per each insect are significantly different.