Reliability of antioxidant potential and in vivo compatibility with extremophilic actinobacterial-mediated magnesium oxide nanoparticle synthesis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Isolation of actinobacteria from magnesite soil.

Figure 2. Morphological view of isolates from magnesite soil.

Table 1. Culture characteristics of isolates.

S.No	Culture number	Color of the sample	Culture characteristics
1	SSA2	Cream	Powdery, White color reverse side pigment.
2	SSA8	Crepe	Smooth powdery nature with Pink color reverse side pigment.
3	SSA9	Matt light grey	Smooth surface with brown color reveres side pigment.
4	SSA10	Black	Rough surface with black color reveres side pigment.

Figure 3. Microbial reductions of MgO NPs from extracellular actinobacteria (C: Control, S: Supernatant, T: Test).

Figure 4. FE-SEM images of isolated microorganism SSA10.

Table 2. MgO NPs: Yield comparison b/w chemical, green and microbial synthesis.

Sample name	Source material (100mL)
	MgCl2	MgSO4	MgNO3	Magnesite soil
Biological synthesis (S500)	–	–	–	480 mg
SA2	–	–	–	–
SA8	54 mg	66 mg	0	–
SA9	–	–	–	–
SA10	105 mg	115 mg	92 mg	–
Chemical synthesis (C500)	–	190 mg	144 mg	–

Figure 5. UV results of obtained MgO NPs.

Figure 6. XRD results of obtained MgO NPs.

Figure 7. Antibacterial activity of prepared MgO NPs.

Table 3. Agar well diffusion method of magnesium oxide.

S.No	Clinical pathogens	Zone of inhibition (mm)
		Chemical synthesis		Soil synthesis		Extracellular synthesis
		C100	C500	S100	S500	SA8	SA10
1	Staphylococcus aureus	12	11	9	13	12	15
2	Streptococcus mutants	14	12	11	12	13	13
3	Escherichia coli	12	12	10	11	11	12
4	Pseudomonasspp	12	12	12	13	11	12

Figure 8. Antioxidant activity of prepared MgO NPs.

Figure 9. Neutral red uptake assay of MG-63 cell line.

Figure 10. In vivo toxicity assessment of prepared MgO NPs in zebrafish embryos.

Table 4. Mortality and hatching rate of prepared MgO nanoparticles in zebrafish (D. rerio) embryos after 60 h of incubation.

	Control	C500	S500	SA10
1mg/mL of concentration
Unhatched
Normal	–	–	30%	–
Abnormal	–	10%	20%	–
Hatched
Normal	100%	–	–	50%
Abnormal	–	40%	20%	30%
Dead	–	50%	30%	20%
0.1 mg/mL of concentration
Unhatched
Normal	–	–	20%	10%
Abnormal	–	–	–	–
Hatched
Normal	100%	60%	60%	90%
Abnormal	–	10%	10%	–
Dead	–	30%	10%	–