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Research Article

The seamless integration of dietary plant-derived natural flavonoids and gut microbiota may ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a network pharmacology analysis

ORCID Icon, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 217-232 | Received 05 Jan 2023, Accepted 12 Apr 2023, Published online: 27 Apr 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. The stepwise workflow of this study.

Figure 1. The stepwise workflow of this study.

Figure 2. (A) The number of 668 overlapping targets between SEA (1256 targets) and STP (947 targets). (B) The number of 112 overlapping targets related to 14 flavonoids between SEA (173 targets) and STP (200 targets). (C) The number of 112 overlapping targets between (A) and (B). (D) The number of 47 crucial targets against NAFLD.

Figure 2. (A) The number of 668 overlapping targets between SEA (1256 targets) and STP (947 targets). (B) The number of 112 overlapping targets related to 14 flavonoids between SEA (173 targets) and STP (200 targets). (C) The number of 112 overlapping targets between (A) and (B). (D) The number of 47 crucial targets against NAFLD.

Table 1. The physicochemical properties of the number of 16 dietary plant derived flavonoids.

Figure 3. PPI network (44 nodes and 241 edges).

Figure 3. PPI network (44 nodes and 241 edges).

Table 2. The degree of value in PPI network.

Figure 4. Bubble chart of 30 signalling pathways associated with progression of NAFLD.

Figure 4. Bubble chart of 30 signalling pathways associated with progression of NAFLD.

Table 3. The description of 30 signalling pathways against NAFLD.

Table 4. The binding energy and interactions of key metabolites and targets.

Figure 5. Molecular docking test and its binding scores between key targets and compounds. (A) AKT1 (PDB ID: 3O96) – luteolin conformer. (B) PIK3R1 (PDB ID: 4JPS) – mMyricetin conformer. (C) CFTR (PDB ID: 6O1V) – luteolin conformer.

Figure 5. Molecular docking test and its binding scores between key targets and compounds. (A) AKT1 (PDB ID: 3O96) – luteolin conformer. (B) PIK3R1 (PDB ID: 4JPS) – mMyricetin conformer. (C) CFTR (PDB ID: 6O1V) – luteolin conformer.

Table 5. The verification of toxic parameters on two key metabolites.

Figure 6. Network of the gut microbiota or natural resources-metabolites-targets-key signalling pathway (GNMTK).

Figure 6. Network of the gut microbiota or natural resources-metabolites-targets-key signalling pathway (GNMTK).

Figure 7. The key findings of this study.

Figure 7. The key findings of this study.
Supplemental material

Supplemental Material

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Supplemental Material

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Supplemental Material

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Data availability statement

The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and/or] its supplementary materials.